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ASTM D1003-11e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics

Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Light that is scattered upon passing through a film or sheet of a material can produce a hazy or smoky field when objects are viewed through the material. Another effect can be veiling glare, as occurs in an automobile windshield when driving into the sun.
Although haze measurements are made most commonly by the use of a hazemeter, a spectrophotometer may be used, provided that it meets the geometric and spectral requirements of Section 5. The use of a spectrophotometer for haze measurement of plastics can provide valuable diagnostic data on the origin of the haze, and Procedure B is devoted to the use of a spectrophotometer.
Procedure A (hazemeter) test values are normally slightly higher and less variable than Procedure B (spectrophotometer) test values.
Regular luminous transmittance is obtained by placing a clear specimen at some distance from the entrance port of the integrating sphere. However, when the specimen is hazy, the total hemispherical luminous transmittance must be measured by placing the specimen at the entrance port of the sphere. The measured total hemispherical luminous transmittance will be greater than the regular luminous transmittance, depending on the optical properties of the sample. With this test method, the specimen is necessarily placed at the entrance port of the sphere in order to measure haze and total hemispherical luminous transmittance.
Haze data representative of the material may be obtained by avoiding heterogeneous surface or internal defects not characteristic of the material.
Haze and luminous-transmittance data are especially useful for quality control and specification purposes.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of specific light-transmitting and wide-angle-light-scattering properties of planar sections of materials such as essentially transparent plastic. Two procedures are provided for the measurement of luminous transmittance and haze. Procedure A uses a hazemeter as described in Section 5 and Procedure B uses a spectrophotometer as described in Section 8. Material having a haze value greater than 30 % is considered diffusing and should be tested in accordance with Practice E2387.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
Note 1—For greater discrimination among materials that scatter a high percent of light within a narrow forward angle, such as is the case with abraded transparent plastics, adjust the hazemeter and perform measurements in accordance with Test Method D1044.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 13468-1 and ISO/DIS 14782.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Apr-2011
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.40 - Optical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1003-11 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D2103-15 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM F942-18(2023)e1 - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Interlayer Materials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D883-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D4802-16 - Standard Specification for Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Acrylic Plastic Sheet
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D3981-09a(2016) - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Medium-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D5577-19 - Standard Guide for Techniques to Separate and Identify Contaminants in Recycled Plastics
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM F2097-20 - Standard Guide for Design and Evaluation of Primary Flexible Packaging for Medical Products
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM E2952-23 - Standard Specification for Air-Purifying Respiratory Protective Smoke Escape Devices (RPED)
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D1746-23 - Standard Test Method for Transparency of Plastic Sheeting
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D4851-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM E284-22 - Standard Terminology of Appearance
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM G21-15(2021)e1 - Standard Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM D706-20 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specifications for Cellulose Acetate Molding and Extrusion Compounds (CA)
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011
Referred By
ASTM F3077-21 - Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Women’s Lacrosse
Effective Date
15-Apr-2011

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ASTM D1003-11e1 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent PlasticsASTM D1003-11e1 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
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ASTM D1003-11e1 - Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D1003 − 11
StandardTest Method for
1
Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1003; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.This test method replaces Method 3022 of
Federal Test Method Standard 406.
1
´ NOTE—Editorially corrected in November 2011.
1. Scope* Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical
and Bi-Directional Geometries
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of specific
E284Terminology of Appearance
light-transmitting and wide-angle-light-scattering properties of
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
planar sections of materials such as essentially transparent
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
plastic. Two procedures are provided for the measurement of
E2387Practice for Goniometric Optical Scatter Measure-
luminous transmittance and haze. ProcedureAuses a hazeme-
ments
ter as described in Section 5 and Procedure B uses a spectro-
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
photometer as described in Section 8. Material having a haze
ISO 13468-1Plastics—Determination of the Total Lumi-
value greater than 30% is considered diffusing and should be
nous Transmittance of Transparent Materials
tested in accordance with Practice E2387.
ISO/DIS 14782Plastics—Determination of Haze of Trans-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
parent Materials
standard.
NOTE1—Forgreaterdiscriminationamongmaterialsthatscatterahigh
3. Terminology
percent of light within a narrow forward angle, such as is the case with
abraded transparent plastics, adjust the hazemeter and perform measure-
3.1 Definitions—Terms applicable to this test method are
ments in accordance with Test Method D1044.
defined in Terminologies D883 and E284.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 haze, n—in transmission, the scattering of light by a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specimen responsible for the reduction in contrast of objects
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
viewed through it. The percent of transmitted light that is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
scattered so that its direction deviates more than a specified
NOTE 2—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 13468-1 and
angle from the direction of the incident beam.
ISO/DIS 14782.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the specified angle
is 0.044 rad (2.5°).
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 luminous, adj—weighted according to the spectral
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
luminous efficiency function V() of the CIE (1987).
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
3.2.3 luminous transmittance, n—the ratio of the luminous
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
flux transmitted by a body to the flux incident upon it.
D1044TestMethodforResistanceofTransparentPlasticsto
Surface Abrasion
4. Significance and Use
E259Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White
4.1 Light that is scattered upon passing through a film or
sheet of a material can produce a hazy or smoky field when
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
objects are viewed through the material.Another effect can be
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.40 on Optical Properties.
veiling glare, as occurs in an automobile windshield when
Current edition approved April 15, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally
ϵ1
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1003-07 . DOI:
driving into the sun.
10.1520/D1003-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D1003 − 11
4.2 Althoughhazemeasurementsaremademostcommonly 6. Conditioning
by the use of a hazemeter, a spectrophotometer may be used,
6.1 Conditioning—Unless otherwise required in the appro-
provided that it meets the geometric and spectral requirements
priate m
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as percent volume, that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.  
1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures. Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure B involves propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short procedure involving the comparison with a specified minimum value of the oxygen index.  
1.3 Test specimens used for this test method are prepared into one of six types of specimens (see Table 1).    
1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15 kg/m3.  
1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.  
1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m3.
Note 1: Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.  
1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.  
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 2: This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in 6.3.1, with direct oxygen concentration measurement.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D695-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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