ASTM D4143-16

Standard Guide for Testing Latex Vehicles

ABSTRACT
This guide details the standard methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Included here are methods for latex sampling, nonvolatile content, minimum film formation temperature, qualitative polymeric analysis, density, viscosity, consistency, water content, pH, and surface tension.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expressly for testing latex vehicles (Table 1). Others were developed for testing or analyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coatings but would be equally applicable for testing latices.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2016
• ICS: 87.060.20 - Binders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.33 - Polymers and Resins

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4143 − 16
Standard Guide for
1
Testing Latex Vehicles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Pigmented Coatings
D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials
1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latex
by Karl Fischer Method
vehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expressly
D4758 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Latexes
for testing latex vehicles (Table 1). Others were developed for
3
(Withdrawn 2007)
testing or analyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coat-
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
ings but would be equally applicable for testing latices.
Glass Electrode
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3. Latex Sampling Methods
standard.
3.1 Practice D3925 describes sampling procedures for for-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mulated (pigmented) coatings that are equally applicable to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the latex vehicles.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Nonvolatile Content
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Test Method D2369 has been found suitable for the
determination of the volatile content of many latex vehicles.
2. Referenced Documents
Nonvolatile content is obtained by subtracting the results from
2
100.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
NOTE 1—Determinations of the volatile content using a shorter bake
KrebsUnit(KU)ViscosityUsingaStormer-TypeViscom- time than the 60 min recommended in Test Method D2369 should be
noted in the report of the results.
eter
D1417 Test Methods for Rubber Latices—Synthetic
4.2 The nonvolatile content of latexes may also be deter-
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
mined for quality control purposes with Test Method D4758
and Related Products
which specifies baking at 180°C for 20 min, conditions
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
selected to allow completion of testing in1hor less. For latex
Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer
vehicles used in certain air-dry or low temperature bake
D2354 Test Method for Minimum Film FormationTempera-
coatings, as well as for those that contain temperature-sensitive
ture (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles
materials, the use of the milder test conditions of Test Method
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
D2369 (see 4.1) will more accurately reflect the effective
D3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in
nonvolatile content.
Emulsion Paints
4.2.1 TestMethodD4758isnotintendedtobeemployedfor
D3792 Test Method forWater Content of Coatings by Direct
determining the volatile organic content (VOC) of formulated
Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph
coatings.
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
5. Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFT)
5.1 The MFTis the lowest temperature at which a latex will
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
form a continuous film. Test Method D2354 employs draw-
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
down application of the test latex on a substrate over which a
Subcommittee D01.33 on Polymers and Resins.
temperature gradient has been established. The lowest tem-
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016. Published February 2016. Originally
perature at which the latex is converted into a clear, continuous
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4143 – 89 (2009).
DOI: 10.1520/D4143–16.
film corresponds to the minimum film formation temperature.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4143 − 16
TABLE 1 Methods for Testing Latex Vehicles
measurements made using rotational-type viscometers. Test
Test Method Section ASTM Designation Methods D2196 describes techniques using a rotational vis-
Latex sampling methods 3 D3925 cometer by which appa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4143 − 89 (Reapproved 2009) D4143 − 16
Standard Guide for
1
Testing Latex Vehicles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expressly for testing
latex vehicles (Table 1). Others were developed for testing or analyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coatings but would be
equally applicable for testing lattices.latices.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer
D1417 Test Methods for Rubber Latices—Synthetic
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer
D2354 Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
D3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in Emulsion Paints
D3792 Test Method for Water Content of Coatings by Direct Injection Into a Gas Chromatograph
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer Method
3
D4758 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Latexes (Withdrawn 2007)
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
3. Latex Sampling Methods
3.1 Practice D3925 describes sampling procedures for formulated (pigmented) coatings that are equally applicable to latex
vehicles.
4. Nonvolatile Content
4.1 Test Method D2369 has been found suitable for the determination of the volatile content of many latex vehicles. Nonvolatile
content is obtained by subtracting the results from 100.
NOTE 1—Determinations of the volatile content using a shorter bake time than the 60 min recommended in Test Method D2369 should be noted in
the report of the results.
4.2 The nonvolatile content of latexes may also be determined for quality control purposes with Test Method D4758 which
specifies baking at 180°C for 20 min, conditions selected to allow completion of testing in 1 h or less. For latex vehicles used in
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D01.33 on Polymers and Resins.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009Feb. 1, 2016. Published December 2009February 2016. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20012009
as D4143 – 89 (2001).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D4143–89R09.10.1520/D4143–16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4143 − 16
TABLE 1 Methods for Testing Latex Vehicles
Test Method Section ASTM Designation
Latex sampling methods 3 D3925
Nonvolatile content 3.1 D2369, D4758
Minimum film formation temperature 5 D2354
(MFT)
Qualitative polymeric analysis 6 D3168
Density 7 D1475
Viscosity 8 D2196
Consistency 9 D562
Water content 10 D3792, D4017
pH 11 E70
Surface tension 12 D1417
certain air-dry or low temperature bake coatings, as well as for those that contain temperature-sensitive materials, the use of the
milder test conditions of Test Method D2369 (see 4.1) will more accurately reflect the effective nonvolatile content.
4.2.1 Test Method D4758 is not intended t
...