ASTM A874/A874M-98(2018)e1

Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable low temperature service. Castings shall be produced by casting or heat treatment and shall have essentially a ferritic structure that contains no massive carbides. The iron shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, silicon, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, copper, nickel and chromium. The iron shall conform to the required tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. Graphite contained in the microstructure shall be evaluated and the percentage of each graphite type shall be estimated. The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free from adhering sand, scale cracks, and hot tears.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable for service at temperatures of −40 °F [–40 °C] and above.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2018
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A04 - Iron Castings
• Drafting Committee: A04.02 - Malleable and Ductile Iron Castings

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: A874/A874M −98 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature
Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA874/A874M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Paragraph 11.3 was corrected editorially in November 2018.
1. Scope Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
E59Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable
of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
for service at temperatures of −40°F [–40°C] and above.
E94/E94MGuide for Radiographic Examination Using In-
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
dustrial Radiographic Film
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
E165/E165MPractice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
General Industry
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
E351TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofCastIron—All
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
Types
with the standard.
E562Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to
Systematic Manual Point Count
the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This E689Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
standarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,
E709Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuser
3. Ordering Information
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
environmental practices and determine the applicability of 3.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
regulatory limitations prior to use. the following applicable information:
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.1.1 Drawing, catalog number, or part identification,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.1.4 Marking instructions (see Section 15),
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.5 Place of inspection (see 13.1),
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 3.1.6 Limits on residual elements (see 5.2),
3.1.7 Visual and dimensional acceptance standard (see 7.1),
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.8 Sampling plan (see Section 9), and
3.1.9 Supplementary requirements.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A247Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
4. Materials and Manufacture
Graphite in Iron Castings
4.1 Castings may be supplied either as cast or heat treated
E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
and shall have essentially a ferritic structure that contains no
terials
massive carbides.
E30TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofSteel,CastIron,
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The iron shall conform to the requirements for chemical
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and composition shown in Table 1.
Ductile Iron Castings.
5.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A874/A874M–98 analysis may be required and limits established for elements
(2014). DOI: 10.1520/A0874_A0874M-98R18E01.
not specified in Table 1.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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A874/A874M − 98 (2018)
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
10. Number of Tests and Retests
Element Minimum, % Maximum, %
10.1 The number of tension tests and the number of micro-
Total carbon 3.0 3.7
structural examinations shall be agreed upon between the
Carbon equivalent (carbon + ⁄3 silicon) . . . 4.5
manufacturer and purchaser.
Silicon 1.2 2.3
Phosphorous . . . 0.03
10.2 If any tension test specimen shows obvious defects, it
Magnesium . . . 0.07
Manganese . . . 0.25 may be discarded and another from the same coupon may be
Copper . . . 0.1
tested.
Nickel . . . 1.0
Chromium . . . 0.07
11. Test Methods
11.1 Conduct the tension test in accordance with Test
Methods E8/E8M.
6. Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
11.2 Determinetheyieldstrengthusingoneofthefollowing
6.1 Tensile Properties—The iron shall conform to the re- methods:
quirements for tensile properties shown in Table 2. 11.2.1 The 0.2% offset method, or
11.2.2 Extension-under-load method where the yield
6.2 Microstructure—Graphite contained in the microstruc-
strength may be determined as the stress producing an elonga-
ture shall be evaluated in accordance with Test Method A247.
tion under load of 0.330%, that is, 0.0066 in. [0.165 mm] in a
The percent of each graphite type shall be estimated, and the
gage length of 2 in. [50 mm].
total of all estimates shall equal 100%. The total percent of
Types 1 and 2 graphite shall be a minimum of 90%. 11.3 Determine the percent of each graphite nodule type by
manual counting, semi-automatic, or automatic image analysis
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
methods. The manual count method shall prevail when the
results of other methods differ. Magnification shall be at 100×.
7.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually
and shall be free from adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot
11.4 Spectrometric methods may be used for chemical
tears. Other surface discontinuities shall meet visual and
analysis. Should a dispute arise concerning chemical
dimensional acceptance standards specified in the order.
composition, use Test Methods E351 and E30 for referee
methods.
7.2 Conditioning of castings is permitted to the extent that
the removal of me
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: A874/A874M − 98 (Reapproved 2014) A874/A874M − 98 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature
Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A874/A874M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Paragraph 11.3 was corrected editorially in November 2018.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable for service at temperatures of −40°F [–40°C]−40 °F [–40 °C] and
above.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability
of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of Graphite in Iron Castings
E8E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials [Metric] E0008_E0008M
E30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
E59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
E94E94/E94M Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic Film
E165E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E351 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All Types
E562 Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count
E689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following applicable information:
3.1.1 Drawing, catalog number, or part identification,
3.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,
3.1.4 Marking instructions (see Section 15),
3.1.5 Place of inspection (see 13.1),
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and Ductile
Iron Castings.
Current edition approved April 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2018. Published April 2014November 2018. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
A874/A874M - 98A874/A874M – 98 (2014). (2009). DOI: 10.1520/A0874_A0874M-98R14.10.1520/A0874_A0874M-98R18E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
A874/A874M − 98 (2018)
3.1.6 Limits on residual elements (see 5.2),
3.1.7 Visual and dimensional acceptance standard (see 7.1),
3.1.8 Sampling plan (see Section 9), and
3.1.9 Supplementary requirements.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Castings may be supplied either as cast or heat treated and shall have essentially a ferritic structure that contains no massive
carbides.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 The iron shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition shown in Table 1.
5.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser, analysis may be required and limits established for elements not
specified in Table 1.
6. Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
6.1 Tensile Properties—The iron shall conform to the requirements for tensile properties shown in Table 2.
6.2 Microstructure—Graphite contained in the microstructure shall be evaluated in accordance with Test Method A247. The
percent of each graphite type shall be estimated, and the total of all estimates shall equal 100 %. The total percent of Types 1 and
2 graphite shall be a minimum of 90 %.
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
7.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free from adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears. Other
surface discontinuities shall meet visual and dimensional acceptance standards specified in the order.
7.2 Conditioning of castings is permitted to the extent that the removal of metal does not extend into the envelope of the finished
container and does not alter the properties of the metal remaining in the finished container.
8. Repair
8.1 Castings shall not be repaired by plugging, welding, brazing, impregnation, or any other means.
9. Sampling
9.1 Test coupons will be obtained from the casting. The location in the casting from which the test coupons are obtained and
the number obtained from each location shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
9.2 Metallographic samples shall be obtained from the same location as the mechanical test coupons.
9.3 Nondestructive examination methods for estimating microstructure may be used to supplement the destructive examination
sampling plan.
9.4 Sampling for chemical analysis shall be in accordance with Practice E59.
9.4.1 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made on either chilled cast pencil-type specimens or thin wafers
approximately ⁄32 in. [0.8 mm] thick cut from test coupons.
10. Number of Tests and Retests
10.1 The number of tension tests and the number of microstructural examinations shall be agreed upon between the
manufacturer and purchaser.
10.2 If any tension test specimen shows obvious defects, it m
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