ASTM D2884-93(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Yield Stress of Heterogeneous Propellants by Cone Penetration Method
Standard Test Method for Yield Stress of Heterogeneous Propellants by Cone Penetration Method
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the yield stress of heterogeneous propellants, both of the gel and emulsion types, containing from 0 to 70 % solid additives.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. In cases where materials, products, or equipment are available in inch-pound units only, SI units are omitted.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D2884–93 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Yield Stress of Heterogeneous Propellants by Cone
1
Penetration Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method covers determination of the yield
stress of heterogeneous propellants, both of the gel and
emulsion types, containing from 0 to 70 % solid additives.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. In cases where materials, products, or equipment are
available in inch-pound units only, SI units are omitted.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This cup is dimensionally equivalent to the grease worker
cup.
2. Referenced Documents
FIG. 1 Penetrometer Cup
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2507 Terminology of Rheological Properties of Gelled
submerged portion of the cone. For this reason cup diameter is
3
Rocket Propellants
critical, and any deviation from 76.2 6 0.3 mm (3 6 0.01 in.)
must be reported as a nonstandard condition.
3. Terminology
3.1.4 yield stress—the maximum shear stress that can be
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
applied without causing permanent deformation (seeTerminol-
3.1.1 penetration of a propellant, n—The depth, in tenths of
ogy D 2507).
a millimetre that a standard cone penetrates the sample under
Specifically in this test method, it is the weight of the 30-g
prescribed conditions of weight, time, and temperature.
mass cone-test rod assembly in dynes, corrected for buoyancy,
3.1.2 unworked penetration, n—the penetration at 298 K
divided by the calculated wetted area of the cone (that is, the
(77°F) of a sample of the propellant which has received only
areaoftheconeincontactwiththepropellantafterthe5-sdrop
the minimum disturbance in transfer from the sample can to a
period).
grease worker cup or dimensionally equivalent container. This
shall be 76.2 6 0.3 mm (3 6 0.01 in.) in inside diameter and
4. Summary of Test Method
63.56 1.6 mm (2.5 6 0.06 in.) deep, as shown in Fig. 1.
4.1 The penetration is determined at 298 K (77°F) by
3.1.3 The conversion of penetration to yield stress has not
releasingthecone-testrodassemblyfromthepenetrometerand
been corrected for the displacement of the sample by the
allowing the assembly to drop for 5 s. The cone will be
essentially at rest in less than this time, so that exact timing is
not critical.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5. Significance and Use
D02.11 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids. ASTM
Committee F07 onAerospace andAircraft maintains a continued interest in this test
5.1 The yield stress is a measure of the forces required to
method and will make use of it in the future.
initiate and maintain flow from a storage vessel. If all the
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1993. Published October 1993. Originally
factors are constant, the propellant with the lower yield stress
published as D 2884 – 70 T. Last previous edition D 2884 – 87.
2
This test method is identical in substance with the JANNAF method, “Hetero- can be removed more completely from the vessel.
geneous Propellant Characterization, Part III, Procedure for Measuring Yield Stress
of Heterogeneous Propellants,” published by the Chemical Propulsion Information
6. Apparatus
Agency, July 1969, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns
6.1 Penetrometer,tomeasurethepenetrationofthestandard
Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20810.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03. cone in the propellant. The cone assembly or the table of the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2884–93 (2002)
penetrometer shall be adjustable to enable accurate placement 6.1.1 A 15-g test rod shall be substituted for the regular
of the cone on the level surface of the propellant while 47.5-g rod in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
maintaining a zero reading on the indicator. The cone should
6.2 Cone, of the dimensions shown in Fig. 2.
fall, when released, without appreciable friction for at least
NOTE 1—Some cones have co
...
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