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ASTM C559-90(2010)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles

Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Bulk density as determined by this test method is a basic material property of importance in manufacturing and application of carbon and graphite.  
This test method can be used for quality and process control, material characterization and description, and other purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk density of manufactured articles of carbon and graphite of at least 500 mm3 volume. The bulk density is calculated to an accuracy of 0.25 %, using measurements of mass and dimensions in air at 25 ± 5°C.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2010
ICS
71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.F0 - Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C559-90(2005) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Replaced By
ASTM C559-16 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
Effective Date
01-Jan-2016
Referred By
ASTM C747-16 - Standard Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamental Frequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic Resonance
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7219-19 - Standard Specification for Isotropic and Near-isotropic Nuclear Graphites
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8091-21 - Standard Guide for Impregnation of Graphite with Molten Salt
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8356-20 - Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Manufactured Carbons and Graphite Materials for use in Obtaining Approximate Elastic Constants: Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D7775-21 - Standard Guide for Measurements on Small Graphite Specimens
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D8255-19 - Standard Guide for Work of Fracture Measurements on Small Nuclear Graphite Specimens
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM C1836-16(2023) - Standard Classification for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM C1783-15 - Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM C783-85(2020) - Standard Practice for Core Sampling of Graphite Electrodes
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM C1039-85(2020)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM C781-20 - Standard Practice for Testing Graphite Materials for Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Components
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM C784-20 - Standard Specification for Nuclear-Grade Aluminum Oxide-Boron Carbide Composite Pellets
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM C838-16 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of As-Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Shapes
Effective Date
01-May-2010

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ASTM C559-90(2010) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite ArticlesASTM C559-90(2010) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
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ASTM C559-90(2010) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C559 − 90 (Reapproved2010) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Bulk Density by Physical Measurements of Manufactured
Carbon and Graphite Articles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope cylinder. The minimum mass of the specimen shall be 2000
timesthesensitivityofthebalanceusedtoweighthespecimen,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk
andthevolumeofthespecimenshallnotbelessthan500mm .
density of manufactured articles of carbon and graphite of at
3 Theminimumdimensionofthespecimenshallbethelargerof:
least 500 mm volume. The bulk density is calculated to an
5.1.1 Ten times the length of the largest visible particle, and
accuracy of 0.25 %, using measurements of mass and dimen-
5.1.2 2000 times the resolution of the device used for
sions in air at 25 6 5°C.
measuring the dimension.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.2 Duringthemachiningoperation,usenolubricanthaving
a boiling point above 100°C. All corners, edges, and faces of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- the specimen should be free of chips or gouges. Ensure that the
specimen is free of any residue from the machining operation.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Dry the specimen for a minimum of2hat110°C, and then
2. Referenced Documents
allow it to cool to 25 6 5°C in a desiccator.The specimen shall
not be removed from the desiccator until immediately prior to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International weighing.
System of Units (SI) (the Modern Metric System)
6. Procedure
3. Terminology
6.1 Weigh the specimen to an accuracy of 0.05 % using a
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
balance or scale. During the weighing operation, handle the
3.1.1 bulk density —the mass of a unit volume of material
specimen with soft-tipped tongs.
including both permeable and impermeable voids.
6.2 Measure each dimension of the test specimen to an
4. Significance and Use
accuracy of 0.05 %.
4.1 Bulk density as determined by this test method is a basic 6.2.1 If the specimen is a rectangular parallelepiped, make
material property of importance in manufacturing and applica- four measurements of the length (longest dimension). Take
tion of carbon and graphite. each measurement along the center of each of the four long
faces of the specimen. Measure the width and thickness at each
4.2 This test method can be used for quality and process
end and at two intermediate points along the length of the
control, material characterization and description, and other
specimen. Determine the mean of each dimension.
purposes.
6.2.2 Ifthespecimenisarightcircularcylinder,measurethe
5. Preparation of Test Specimens
length at four points, 90° apart on the periphery of the circular
end faces. Make two sets of diameter measurements. Each set
5.1 Machine test specimens from the manufactured article
shall consist of four measurements, one at each end and two at
in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped or a right circular
intermediate points along an axial line. These sets shall lie at
90° to each other. Determine the mean length and the mean of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
each of the two sets of diameter measurements.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
7. Calculation
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C559–90 (2005). DOI:
10.1520/C0559-90R10.
7.1 Convert the mass to milligrams and the dimensions to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
millimetres, or convert the mass to megagrams and the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
dimensions to metres. Conversion factors are available in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. IEEE/ASTM SI-10.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
...

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4.1 Core sampling is an acceptable way of obtaining a test specimen without destroying the usefulness of the electrode.  
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4.2 This practice may not provide a test specimen of the appropriate size (with respect to particle size/sample dimension ratios) to allow the determination of absolute property values.
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1.1 This practice was developed for electric-arc furnace graphite electrodes, and covers a procedure and equipment for obtaining core samples from electrodes in a manner that does not destroy the electrode nor prevent its subsequent use as originally intended. However, the minimum electrode diameter, for which extraction of a core sample using this practice does not influence subsequent use, is influenced by the particular application and must be determined by the user. Graphite electrodes for use in electric arc furnaces are usually solid cylinders of graphite with threaded sockets machined in each end.  
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Note 1: The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful information: Test Methods C559, C611, C651, C747, C1025, and C1039.  
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Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Three-Point Loading at Room Temperature

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4.1 This test method provides a framework for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes. The user needs to assess the applicability of the method on the specific material and for the intended use, as shown by the interlaboratory study.  
4.2 This test method determines the maximum loading on a graphite specimen with simple beam geometry in three–point bending, and it provides a means for the calculation of flexural strength at ambient temperature and environmental conditions.  
4.3 The flexure stress is computed based on simple beam theory with assumptions that the material is isotropic and homogeneous, the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are identical, and the material is linearly elastic. For materials with large grains, the minimum specimen dimension should be significantly larger than the maximum grain size (see Guide D7775).  
4.4 Flexural strength of a group of test specimens is influenced by several parameters associated with the test procedure. Such factors include the loading rate, test environment, specimen size, specimen preparation, and test fixtures. Specimen sizes and fixtures should be chosen to reduce errors due to material variability or testing parameters, such as friction and non-parallelism of specimen surfaces.  
4.5 The flexural strength of a manufactured graphite or carbon material is dependent on both its inherent resistance to fracture and the size and severity of flaws. Variations in these cause a natural scatter in test results for a sample of test specimens. Fractographic analysis of fracture surfaces, although beyond the scope of this standard, is highly recommended for all purposes, especially if the data will be used for design as discussed in Practices C1239 and C1322.  
4.6 The three-point test configuration exposes only a very small portion of the specimen to the maximum stress. Therefore, three-point flexural strengths are likely to be much greater than four-po...
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the flexural strength of manufactured carbon and graphite articles using a square, rectangular or cylindrical beam in three-point loading at room temperature.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C651-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Four-Point Loading at Room Temperature

ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedures for determining the flexural strength of manufactured carbon and graphite articles using a simple beam in four-point loading at room temperature. The four-point loading fixture shall consist of spherical bearing blocks of hardened steel or its equivalent to ensure that forces applied to the beam are normal only and without eccentricity, and distortion of the loading member is prevented. Judicious use of linkages, rocker bearings, and flexure plates may maintain the parallel direction of loads and reactions. The test specimens shall be prepared to yield a parallelepiped with cross sections that are rectangular, faces that are parallel and flat, and edges that are free from visible flaws and chips.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method may be used for material development, quality control, characterization, and design data generation purposes.  
4.2 This test method determines the maximum loading on a graphite specimen with simple beam geometry in 4-point bending, and it provides a means for the calculation of flexural strength at ambient temperature and environmental conditions.
SCOPE
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