ASTM D5496-15(2020)
(Practice)Standard Practice for In-Field Immersion Testing of Geosynthetics
Standard Practice for In-Field Immersion Testing of Geosynthetics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides an approach and methodology for conducting field immersion testing of geosynthetics used in the construction of liners in reservoirs, ponds, impoundments, or landfills for containing liquids and solids. This practice should be performed in accordance to and in conjunction with Practice D5322 for assessing chemical resistance under both laboratory and field conditions.
4.2 The specification of procedures in this practice is intended to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of geosynthetics under actual field conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes an approach and methodology for immersion testing of geosynthetics (for example, geomembranes used for landfill liner).
1.2 This practice does not provide for definition of the testing to be performed on the geosynthetic samples for field immersion. This practice does not address the determination of resistance of the geosynthetic to the liquid in which it is immersed. The user of this practice is referred to the appropriate Standard Guide for Tests to evaluate the chemical resistance and for defining the testing to be performed for each of the geosynthetic components listed in 2.1.
Note 1: EPA Method 9090 has been used in the past to investigate the compatibility of geomembrane to leachates.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5496 − 15 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
In-Field Immersion Testing of Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5496; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D5322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for
1.1 This practice describes an approach and methodology
Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to
for immersion testing of geosynthetics (for example, geomem-
Liquids
branes used for landfill liner).
D5747/D5747M Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical
1.2 This practice does not provide for definition of the
Resistance of Geomembranes to Liquids
testing to be performed on the geosynthetic samples for field 3
2.2 EPA Document:
immersion. This practice does not address the determination of
SW846 Method 9090 Compatibility Test for Wastes and
resistance of the geosynthetic to the liquid in which it is
Membrane Liners
immersed. The user of this practice is referred to the appropri-
ate Standard Guide for Tests to evaluate the chemical resis-
3. Terminology
tance and for defining the testing to be performed for each of
3.1 Definitions:
the geosynthetic components listed in 2.1.
3.1.1 field testing, n—testing performed in the field under
NOTE 1—EPAMethod 9090 has been used in the past to investigate the
actual conditions of temperature and exposure to the fluids for
compatibility of geomembrane to leachates.
which the immersion testing is being performed.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.2 For definitions relating to geosynthetics, refer to
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Terminology D4439.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1.3 For definitions relating to textiles, refer to Terminol-
and are not considered standard.
ogy D123.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Thispracticeprovidesanapproachandmethodologyfor
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
conducting field immersion testing of geosynthetics used in the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
construction of liners in reservoirs, ponds, impoundments, or
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
landfills for containing liquids and solids. This practice should
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
be performed in accordance to and in conjunction with Practice
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D5322 for assessing chemical resistance under both laboratory
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and field conditions.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 4.2 The specification of procedures in this practice is
intended to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or
2. Referenced Documents
investigate the chemical resistance of geosynthetics under
actual field conditions.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5. Apparatus
5.1 Sample Container, for containment of the geosynthetic
1 testspecimens.Thecontainersshouldbeperforatedonallsides
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance and at the bottom to allow for complete flooding of the test
Properties.
specimens. Stainless steel, or other chemically resistant steel
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
alloys, is recommended. Do not use 316 stainless steel for
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5496 – 15. DOI:
fluids known to contain high-chloride ion concentrations.
10.1520/D5496-15R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from United States EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
the ASTM website. Response, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5496 − 15 (2020)
NOTE2—Achemicalanalysisofthefluidshouldbeavailabletotheuser laboratory immersion testing, then only the two spare sample sets as
prior to the start of field compatibility testing to allow for a review of a described in 7.2 are required. The unexposed sample set used for the
suitable material of construction for the sample container. If in doubt, tests laboratory immersion testing can be used as the unexposed sample set for
can be conducted by placing samples of the sample container material of the field testing.
construction in the fluid for a suitable period of time to determine
compatibility of the sample container with the fluid. If in doubt, and
8. Procedure
testing cannot be performed prior to start of field compatibility testing,
then an alloy such as Carpenter 20 or tantalum-coated carbon steel should 8.1 Sample Container Preparation—Thoroughly clean the
be considered for any field samples that will be exposed to aggressive
container and lid prior to placement of geosynthetic samples.
fluids for more than one year.
Use of tap or service water for final rinse of the container is
5.1.1 The size of the sample container is not specified since
acceptable.
it will be dependent on the number of geosynthetic specimens
8.2 Sample Placement—Place the geosynthetic material
requiring testing and the size of the sump, tank, or other device
samples in the sample container in such a way so that contact
used for conducting the field testing.
with other sheets of material is limited as much as possible. Do
5.1.2 Sample Container Lid, to allow easy access for plac-
not place different types of resin materials in the same vessel if
ing and removing geosynthetic specimens from the container.
it can be avoided. If space within the sample containers
The lid should be constructed from the same material as the
permits, then place spacers, made from a material known to be
sample container and perforated to allow for contact between
inert with the fluid, between geosynthetic sheets or between
fluid and the geosynthetic samples within the container. In
sheets and the sample container walls, or both.
addition, the lid should be secured to the container using
threaded rods made from the same material as the container. NOTE 5—Placement of geosynthetic sample containers may be dictated
by landfill permit or other operating conditions. In those circumstances
Do not use dissimilar metals when fabricating parts of the
where the number and size of sample containers must be limited due to
sample containers, as this may result in severe corrosion of the
physical constraints of the sump or tank in which the containers are to be
completed assembly.
installed, or due to regulatory limitations on maximum head (or other
5.1.3 Sample Container Cables, to place the sample con-
similar stipulation), then place the geosynthetic samples in the most
tainers within sumps or tanks. It is recommended that two efficient manner possible. This can be accomplished by reducing the total
number and size of the sample containers. For these situations it is
cables be attached to each container, one made from the same
allowable to place dissimilar resins within the same container and
material as the sample container, and the other, as a backup,
eliminate, if necessary, the spacers between geosynthetic sheets and
made from ⁄4-in. (6.35 mm) polypropylene rope.
between sheets and side walls.
8.3 Assembling the Containers—Assemble the sample
6. Hazards
containers, lids, and cabling in a manner that will minimize
6.1 (Warning—The fluids used in this practice may contain
movement of the specimens within the final containers and
hazardous or toxic chemicals. Take appropriate precautions
maintain th
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