ASTM E2539-14(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Multiangle Color Measurement of Interference Pigments
Standard Test Method for Multiangle Color Measurement of Interference Pigments
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to provide color data obtained from spectral reflectance factors at specific illumination and detection angles for interference pigments. Information presented in this test method is based upon data taken on materials exclusively pigmented with interference pigments.
5.2 These data can be used for acceptance testing, design purposes, research, manufacturing control, and quality control.
5.3 Specimens must be statistically representative of the end use.
5.4 Applicability of this test method for other materials, including combining interference pigments with absorbing and scattering pigments should be confirmed by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental requirements and required parameters needed to make instrumental color measurements of thin film interference pigments. This test method is designed to encompass interference pigments used in architectural applications, automobiles, coatings, cosmetics, inks, packaging, paints, plastics, printing, security, and other applications.
1.2 Characterization of the optical behavior of materials colored with interference pigments requires measurement at multiple angles of illumination and detection.
1.3 Data taken utilizing this test method are quantitative and are appropriate for quality control of interference pigment color.
1.4 The measurement results are usually expressed as reflectance factors, tristimulus color values, or as CIE L*a*b* color coordinates and color difference.
1.5 The totality of data taken may not be necessary for evaluating mixtures also containing non-interference pigments. The committee is investigating and evaluating the appropriateness of this test method for those materials. It is the responsibility of the users to determine the applicability of this test method for their specific applications.
1.6 Interference pigments are typically evaluated for color and color appearance in a medium, such as paint or ink. The gonioapparent effect depends strongly on the physical and chemical properties of the medium. Some of the properties affecting color and color appearance include vehicle viscosity, thickness, transparency, and volume solids. As a general rule, for quality control purposes, interference pigments are best evaluated in a masstone product form. In some cases this product form may be the final product form, or more typically a qualified simulation of the intended product form (such as a paint drawdown) that in terms of color and appearance correlates to final product application.
1.7 This standard does not address the requirements for characterizing materials containing metal flake pigments. Measurements of the optical characteristics of materials containing metal flake pigments are described in Test Method E2194.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E2539 − 14 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
1
Multiangle Color Measurement of Interference Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2539; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Objects that exhibit a change in color with different angles of illumination and view are said to be
“gonioapparent.” The tristimulus colorimetric values of gonioapparent objects are derived using the
spectral reflectance factors obtained from spectrometric measurements or colorimetric measurements
atvariousanglesofilluminationanddetection.Thetristimuluscolorimetricvaluesarecomputedusing
the spectral reflectance factors of the object, the CIE Standard Observer, and the spectral power
distribution of the illuminant, as described in Practice E308. This Test Method, E2539, specifies the
color measurement of interference pigments at various illumination and detection angles.
1. Scope 1.6 Interference pigments are typically evaluated for color
and color appearance in a medium, such as paint or ink. The
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental requirements
gonioapparent effect depends strongly on the physical and
and required parameters needed to make instrumental color
chemical properties of the medium. Some of the properties
measurements of thin film interference pigments. This test
affecting color and color appearance include vehicle viscosity,
methodisdesignedtoencompassinterferencepigmentsusedin
thickness, transparency, and volume solids. As a general rule,
architectural applications, automobiles, coatings, cosmetics,
for quality control purposes, interference pigments are best
inks, packaging, paints, plastics, printing, security, and other
evaluated in a masstone product form. In some cases this
applications.
product form may be the final product form, or more typically
1.2 Characterization of the optical behavior of materials
a qualified simulation of the intended product form (such as a
colored with interference pigments requires measurement at
paint drawdown) that in terms of color and appearance
multiple angles of illumination and detection.
correlates to final product application.
1.3 Datatakenutilizingthistestmethodarequantitativeand
1.7 This standard does not address the requirements for
are appropriate for quality control of interference pigment
characterizingmaterialscontainingmetalflakepigments.Mea-
color.
surements of the optical characteristics of materials containing
metal flake pigments are described in Test Method E2194.
1.4 The measurement results are usually expressed as re-
flectance factors, tristimulus color values, or as CIE L*a*b*
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
color coordinates and color difference.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
1.5 The totality of data taken may not be necessary for only.
evaluatingmixturesalsocontainingnon-interferencepigments.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
The committee is investigating and evaluating the appropriate-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ness of this test method for those materials. It is the responsi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bility of the users to determine the applicability of this test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
method for their specific applications.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
1
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.12 on
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Gonioapparent Color.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E2539– 14. DOI:
10.1520/E2539-14R17. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2539 − 14 (2017)
2. Referenced Documents 5.2 These data can be used for acceptance testing, design
2 purposes, research, manufacturing control, and quality control.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E284Terminology of Appearance
5.3 Specimensmustbestatisticallyrepresentativeoftheend
E308PracticeforComputingtheColors
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2539 − 14 E2539 − 14 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
1
Multiangle Color Measurement of Interference Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2539; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Objects that exhibit a change in color with different angles of illumination and view are said to be
“gonioapparent.” The tristimulus colorimetric values of gonioapparent objects are derived using the
spectral reflectance factors obtained from spectrometric measurements or colorimetric measurements
at various angles of illumination and detection. The tristimulus colorimetric values are computed using
the spectral reflectance factors of the object, the CIE Standard Observer, and the spectral power
distribution of the illuminant, as described in Practice E308. This Test Method, E2539, specifies the
color measurement of interference pigments at various illumination and detection angles.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental requirements and required parameters needed to make instrumental color
measurements of thin film interference pigments. This test method is designed to encompass interference pigments used in
architectural applications, automobiles, coatings, cosmetics, inks, packaging, paints, plastics, printing, security, and other
applications.
1.2 Characterization of the optical behavior of materials colored with interference pigments requires measurement at multiple
angles of illumination and detection.
1.3 Data taken utilizing this test method are quantitative and are appropriate for quality control of interference pigment color.
1.4 The measurement results are usually expressed as reflectance factors, tristimulus color values, or as CIE L*a*b* color
coordinates and color difference.
1.5 The totality of data taken may not be necessary for evaluating mixtures also containing non-interference pigments. The
committee is investigating and evaluating the appropriateness of this test method for those materials. It is the responsibility of the
users to determine the applicability of this test method for their specific applications.
1.6 Interference pigments are typically evaluated for color and color appearance in a medium, such as paint or ink. The
gonioapparent effect depends strongly on the physical and chemical properties of the medium. Some of the properties affecting
color and color appearance include vehicle viscosity, thickness, transparency, and volume solids. As a general rule, for quality
control purposes, interference pigments are best evaluated in a masstone product form. In some cases this product form may be
the final product form, or more typically a qualified simulation of the intended product form (such as a paint drawdown) that in
terms of color and appearance correlates to final product application.
1.7 This standard does not address the requirements for characterizing materials containing metal flake pigments. Measurements
of the optical characteristics of materials containing metal flake pigments are described in Test Method E2194.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.12 on Gonioapparent
Color.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014June 1, 2017. Published November 2014June 2017. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20122014 as
E2539 – 12.14. DOI: 10.1520/E2539-14.10.1520/E2539-14R17.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
...
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