ASTM D972-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases and Oils
Standard Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases and Oils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely effect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and therefore could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.
5.2 The test can be run at any agreed upon temperature between 100 °C and 150 °C (210 °F to 300 °F).
Note 1: The specified flow of air, 2.58 g/min ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. A dew point of less than 10 °C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
Note 2: To determine evaporation loss at temperatures above 150 °C (300 °F), see Test Methods D2595.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loss in mass by evaporation of lubricating greases and oils for applications where evaporation loss is a factor. Evaporation loss data can be obtained at any temperature in the range from 100 °C to 150 °C (210 °F to 300 °F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D972 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases and Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.1.1.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loss in
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are
mass by evaporation of lubricating greases and oils for
commonly D217 included to impart special properties.
applications where evaporation loss is a factor. Evaporation
3.1.2 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
loss data can be obtained at any temperature in the range from
posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid to form
100 °C to 150 °C (210 °F to 300 °F).
the product’s structure.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Thickeners can be fibers (such as vari-
standard.
ous metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for
non-soapthickeners),whichareinsolubleor,atmost,onlyvery
information only.
slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general require-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ments are that the solid particles are extremely small, uni-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
formly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
gel-like structure with the D217 liquid lubricant.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The weighed sample of lubricant in an evaporation cell
2. Referenced Documents
is placed in a bath maintained at the desired test temperature.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Heated air is passed over its surface for 22 h. The evaporation
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-
loss is calculated from the loss in mass of the sample.
Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure
5. Significance and Use
Vessels and for General Applications
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating 5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can
Grease adversely effect the original performance characteristics of a
D2595 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating lubricant and therefore could be a significant factor in evalu-
Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range ating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom- considered contaminants in the environment in which the
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this
test method and service performance has not been established.
3. Terminology
5.2 The test can be run at any agreed upon temperature
3.1 Definitions:
between 100 °C and 150 °C (210 °F to 300 °F).
3.1.1 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
NOTE1—Thespecifiedflowofair,2.58 g ⁄min 60.02 g ⁄min,(2 L ⁄min
a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
atstandardtemperatureandpressure),assumesdryair.Itisnotknownthat
the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can
be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed.Adew point of less
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
than 10 °C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
NOTE 2—To determine evaporation loss at temperatures above 150 °C
Subcommittee D02.G0.03 on Physical Tests.
(300 °F), see Test Methods D2595.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D972 – 02 (2008).
6. Apparatus
DOI: 10.1520/D0972-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6.1 Evaporation Cell, (Fig. 1) as described in Annex A1.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2 Air Supply System, capable of supplying to the cell the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. required flow of air free of entrained particles. A 400 mm
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D972 − 02 (Reapproved 2008) D972 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases and Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loss in mass by evaporation of lubricating greases and oils for applications
where evaporation loss is a factor. Evaporation loss data can be obtained at any temperature in the range from 100100 °C to 150°C
(210150 °C (210 °F to 300°F).300 °F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in given in parentheses are for information only.
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and
for General Applications
D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease
D2595 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases Over Wide-Temperature Range
E1E2251 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersLiquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard
Precision Liquids
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.G0.03 on Physical Tests.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008April 1, 2016. Published July 2008May 2016. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 as
D972D972 – 02 (2008).–02. DOI: 10.1520/D0972-02R08.10.1520/D0972-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The dispersion of the thickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and other
physical forces. Other ingredients are commonly D217 included to impart special properties.
3.1.2 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance composed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid to form the
product’s structure.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Thickeners can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain non-soap thickeners), which are
insoluble or, at most, only very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general requirements are that the solid particles are
extremely small, uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like structure with the D217 liquid lubricant.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D972 − 16
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The weighed sample of lubricant in an evaporation cell is placed in a bath maintained at the desired test temperature. Heated
air is passed over its surface for 22 h. 22 h. The evaporation loss is calculated from the loss in mass of the sample.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely effect the original performance characteristics of a
lubricant and therefore could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered
contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service
performance has not been established.
5.2 The test can be run at any agreed upon temperature between 100100 °C and 150°C (210150 °C (210 °F to 300°F).300 °F).
NOTE 1—The specifi
...
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