ASTM D1599-18

Standard Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes the short term hydraulic failure pressure of thermoplastic pipe, tubing and fittings, and reinforced thermosetting pipe, and reinforced thermoplastic pipe. Data obtained by this test method are of use only in predicting the behavior of pipe, tubing, and fittings under conditions of temperature, time, method of loading, and hoop stress similar to those used in the actual test. They are generally not indicative of the long-term strength of thermoplastic or reinforced thermosetting resin pipe, tubing, and fittings, and reinforced thermoplastic pipe.  
4.2 Procurement specifications utilizing this test method may stipulate a minimum and maximum time for failure other than the 60 to 70 s listed in 9.1.3. Either the internal hydraulic pressure or the hoop stress may be listed in the requirements.  
Note 2: Many thermoplastics give significantly different burst strengths depending on the time to failure. For instance, significant differences have been observed between failure times of 65 and 85 s.  
4.3 This test method is also used as a short-term pressurization validation procedure, where the specimens are pressurized to a predetermined minimum pressure requirement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of thermoplastic pipe, tubing and fittings, and reinforced thermosetting pipe and reinforced thermoplastic pipe to hydraulic pressure in a short time period. Procedure A is used to determine burst pressure of a specimen if the mode of failure is to be determined. Procedure B is used to determine that a specimen complies with a minimum burst requirement.  
Note 1: Reinforced thermoplastic pipe is a three-layer construction consisting of a thermoplastic core layer around which is wound a continuous helical reinforcement layer. A protective thermoplastic cover layer is applied over the reinforcement. For design and pressure, the thermoplastic core and cover layers are not considered hoop stress bearing elements. All of the hoop stress is taken up by the reinforcement layer.  
1.2 This test method is suitable for establishing laboratory testing requirements for quality control purposes or for procurement specifications.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2018
• ICS: 23.040.20 - Plastics pipes
• ICS: 23.040.45 - Plastics fittings
• Technical Committee: F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
• Drafting Committee: F17.40 - Test Methods

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1599-14e1 - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Refers: ASTM D3517-19 - Standard Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D2122-15 - Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2015
• Refers: ASTM D3517-14 - Standard Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2014
• Refers: ASTM D3567-97(2011) - Standard Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Refers: ASTM D3517-11 - Standard Specification for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Refers: ASTM D2122-98(2010) - Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2010
• Refers: ASTM D3517-06 - Standard Specification for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2006
• Refers: ASTM D3567-97(2006) - Standard Practice for Determining Dimensions of "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2006
• Refers: ASTM D2122-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2004
• Refers: ASTM D3517-04 - Standard Specification for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Refers: ASTM D3517-03 - Standard Specification for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Refers: ASTM D3567-97(2002) - Standard Practice for Determining Dimensions of "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Refers: ASTM D3517-01 - Standard Specification for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Refers: ASTM D2122-98 - Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998

Overview

ASTM D1599-18 - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings - provides a widely recognized procedure for evaluating the short-term hydraulic failure pressure of thermoplastic and reinforced thermosetting pipes, tubing, and fittings. Developed by ASTM International, this test method is essential for understanding how plastic piping systems behave under rapidly increasing internal hydraulic pressure at controlled temperatures. It is particularly valuable for establishing laboratory testing requirements and for quality control during the manufacturing and procurement of plastic piping products.

Key Topics

• Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure Testing
  This standard outlines how to determine the resistance of plastic pipe, tubing, and fittings to hydraulic pressure over a short time period, using standardized test conditions.

• Procedures for Burst Pressure and Compliance

  • Procedure A: Determines the burst pressure and the mode of failure for a specimen.
  • Procedure B: Confirms if a specimen meets a specified minimum burst pressure requirement.

• Reinforced and Non-Reinforced Pipe Structures
  The standard applies to both thermoplastic pipe and more complex constructions, such as reinforced thermoplastic pipes with multi-layer structures. The mechanical role of reinforcement layers in these constructions, particularly in bearing hoop stress, is emphasized.

• Test Environment and Conditioning
  Specimens are tested in controlled environments at specified temperatures, typically around 73°F (23°C), to ensure repeatable and reliable results.

• Quality Control and Specification
  The method allows manufacturers and purchasers to set precise requirements for minimum burst strength and failure time, supporting both quality control and procurement processes.

• Safety Considerations
  Users are responsible for adhering to appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and understanding all regulatory limitations when conducting the test.

Applications

• Material Qualification
  ASTM D1599-18 is widely used to qualify thermoplastic and reinforced thermosetting pipe, tubing, and fittings for pressure-bearing applications. The results help predict pipe system performance under specific short-term loading conditions.

• Manufacturing Quality Control
  Manufacturers utilize the standard to verify that products meet required burst pressure specifications before shipment. Consistent application helps prevent material failures in the field.

• Procurement and Compliance
  Procurement specifications frequently reference this standard to ensure delivered piping meets established performance criteria. The methodology enables clear communication of requirements and facilitates compliance auditing.

• Design and Engineering Validation
  Engineers and designers rely on ASTM D1599-18 results for short-term performance assessment, particularly when specifying materials for high-pressure applications or where rapid pressure spikes could occur.

• Industry Sectors
  Commonly used in water supply, chemical processing, oil and gas, and industrial piping systems where plastic pipes and fittings are subjected to hydraulic pressure.

Related Standards

For comprehensive piping system evaluation, ASTM D1599-18 references several related standards, including:

• ASTM D2122: Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
• ASTM D3517: Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
• ASTM D3567: Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings

These standards, used in conjunction, enable accurate measurement, specification, and testing of plastic piping components, ensuring reliability and safety throughout their service life.

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Keywords: ASTM D1599-18, short-term hydraulic pressure, plastic pipe testing, burst pressure, thermoplastic pipe, reinforced thermosetting pipe, plastic tubing, fittings, quality control, piping system standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1599 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic
Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
tance of thermoplastic pipe, tubing and fittings, and reinforced
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
thermosetting pipe and reinforced thermoplastic pipe to hy-
D3517 Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-
draulic pressure in a short time period. Procedure A is used to
Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
determine burst pressure of a specimen if the mode of failure
D3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass”
is to be determined. Procedure B is used to determine that a
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and
specimen complies with a minimum burst requirement.
Fittings
NOTE 1—Reinforced thermoplastic pipe is a three-layer construction
consisting of a thermoplastic core layer around which is wound a
3. Summary of Test Method
continuous helical reinforcement layer. A protective thermoplastic cover
3.1 This test method consists of loading a specimen to
layer is applied over the reinforcement. For design and pressure, the
thermoplastic core and cover layers are not considered hoop stress bearing failure, or a predetermined minimum level, in short-time
elements. All of the hoop stress is taken up by the reinforcement layer.
interval by means of continuously increasing internal
hydraulic-pressure while immersed in a controlled-temperature
1.2 This test method is suitable for establishing laboratory
environment.
testing requirements for quality control purposes or for pro-
curement specifications.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 This test method establishes the short term hydraulic
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
failure pressure of thermoplastic pipe, tubing and fittings, and
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
reinforced thermosetting pipe, and reinforced thermoplastic
and are not considered standard.
pipe. Data obtained by this test method are of use only in
predicting the behavior of pipe, tubing, and fittings under
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
conditions of temperature, time, method of loading, and hoop
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
stresssimilartothoseusedintheactualtest.Theyaregenerally
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
not indicative of the long-term strength of thermoplastic or
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
reinforced thermosetting resin pipe, tubing, and fittings, and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
reinforced thermoplastic pipe.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2 Procurement specifications utilizing this test method
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
may stipulate a minimum and maximum time for failure other
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
than the 60 to 70 s listed in 9.1.3. Either the internal hydraulic
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
pressure or the hoop stress may be listed in the requirements.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE 2—Many thermoplastics give significantly different burst
strengths depending on the time to failure. For instance, significant
differences have been observed between failure times of 65 and 85 s.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test
Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1599 – 14 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1599-18 the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1599 − 18
4.3 This test method is also used as a short-term pressur- 6.4 Timing Device—Stop watch or equivalent.
ization validation procedure, where the specimens are pressur-
6.5 Specimen End Closures:
ized to a predetermined minimum pressure requirement.
6.5.1 Pipe or Tubing—Either free-end or restrained-end
closures, that will withstand the maximum test pressures, may
5. Failure
be used. Closures shall be designed so that they do not cause
5.1 Any instantaneous or rapid loss of pressure shall con-
failure of the specimen. Free-end closures shall be used for
stitute failure.
referee tests.
5.2 Any visible passage of fluid through the wall of the
NOTE 6—Free-end closures fasten to the specimen so that internal
specimen shall constitute failure. pressure produces longitudinal tensile stresses in addition to hoop and
radial stresses in the pipe wall. Restrained-end closures rely on a rod
5.3 Any loss of pressure that interrupts the continuous and
through the specimen or an external structure to resist the end thrust.
uniform pressure increase, described in 9.1.3, shall constitute
Stresses in the wall of restrained-end specimens act in the hoop and radial
directions only. Because of this difference in loading, the expected hoop
failure.
stressatfailureinfree-endspecimensofsolid-wallthermoplasticpipesare
5.4 Leakageattheendclosureorfractureofthespecimenin
approximately 11 % lower than in restrained-end specimens. The test
theimmediatevicinityoftheendclosureshallbeconsideredas results will reflect this difference in test method.
an invalid test item, not a failure.
6.5.2 Fittings—Caps and plugs for fittings shall not extend
beyond the bottom thread or the bottom of the socket.
6. Apparatus
NOTE 7—For purposes of determining the ultimate rupture strength of
6.1 Constant-TemperatureBath—Awaterbathorotherfluid
fittings, a metal band not extending more than one third of the threaded or
bath equipped so that uniform temperature is maintained
socket depth, may be used: When the mode of failure of a piping system
throughout the bath. This may require agitation. If an air or is to be determined, no reinforcement shall be used.
other gaseous environment is used, provisions shall be made
7. Test Specimen
foradequatecirculation.Unlessotherwisestated,thetestsshall
be conducted at 736 3.6 °F (23 6 2 °C). The tolerance on
7.1 Pipe or Tubing:
other test temperatures shall be 3.6 °F (6 2 °C). Fluid envi-
7.1.1 Specimen Size—For pipe sizes of 6 in. (150 mm) or
ronments that chemically attack the specimens shall not be
less, the specimen length between the end closures shall be not
usedunlessthiseffectisbeingstudied.Inthatcase,thepurpose
less than five times the outside diameter of the pipe, but in no
of the test shall be included in the report.
case less than 12 in. (300 mm). For larger sizes, the minimum
length shall be not less than three times the outside diameter,
NOTE 3—Reinforced thermosetting resin pipe and fittings may show
but in no case less than 30 in. (760 mm).
increasing failure pressures as temperature is raised above 73.4 °F (23 °C)
in this test.
7.1.2 Sample Size—Unless otherwise specified five speci-
mens shall be tested.
6.2 Pressurizing System—A device capable of applying an
7.1.3 Measurements—Dimensions shall be determined in
essentially continuously increasing internal hydraulic pressure
accordance with Te
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D1599 − 14 D1599 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic
Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—8.1 was editorially corrected in April 2015.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of either thermoplastic or reinforced thermosetting resin pipe,
tubing, or fittingsthermoplastic pipe, tubing and fittings, and reinforced thermosetting pipe and reinforced thermoplastic pipe to
hydraulic pressure in a short time period. Procedure A is used to determine burst pressure of a specimen if the mode of failure is
to be determined. Procedure B is used to determine that a specimen complies with a minimum burst requirement.
NOTE 1—Reinforced thermoplastic pipe is a three-layer construction consisting of a thermoplastic core layer around which is wound a continuous
helical reinforcement layer. A protective thermoplastic cover layer is applied over the reinforcement. For design and pressure, the thermoplastic core and
cover layers are not considered hoop stress bearing elements. All of the hoop stress is taken up by the reinforcement layer.
1.2 This test method is suitable for establishing laboratory testing requirements for quality control purposes or for procurement
specifications.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of whoever uses the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
D3517 Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
D3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 This test method consists of loading a specimen to failure, or a predetermined minimum level, in short-time interval by
means of continuously increasing internal hydraulic-pressure while immersed in a controlled-temperature environment.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method establishes the short-time short term hydraulic failure pressure of thermoplastic or pipe, tubing and fittings,
and reinforced thermosetting resin pipe, tubing, or fittings. pipe, and reinforced thermoplastic pipe. Data obtained by this test
method are of use only in predicting the behavior of pipe, tubing, and fittings under conditions of temperature, time, method of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved April 15, 2014Sept. 1, 2018. Published November 2014September 2018. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in
ɛ1
20112014 as D1599 – 99D1599 – 14 (2011). . DOI: 10.1520/D1599-14E01.10.1520/D1599-18
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1599 − 18
loading, and hoop stress similar to those used in the actual test. They are generally not indicative of the long-term strength of
thermoplastic or reinforced thermosetting resin pipe, tubing, and fittings. fittings, and reinforced thermoplastic pipe.
4.2 Procurement specifications utilizing this test method may stipulate a minimum and maximum time for failure other than the
60 to 70 s listed in 9.1.3. Either the internal hydraulic pressure or the hoop stress may be listed in the requirements.
NOTE 2—Many thermoplastics give significantly different burst strengths depending on the time to failure. For instance, significant differences have
been observed between failure times of 65 and 85 s.
4.3 This test method is also used as a short-term pressurization validation procedure, where the specimens are pressurized to
a predetermined minimum pressure requirement.
5. Failure
5.1 Any instantaneous or rapid loss of pressure shall constitute failure.
5.2 Any visible passage of fluid through the wall of the specimen shall constitute failure.
5.3 Any loss of pressure that interrupts the continuous and uniform pressure increase, described in 9.1.3, shall constitute failure.
5.4 Leakage at the end closure or fracture of the specimen in the immediate vicinity of the end closure shall be considered as
an invalid test item, not a failure.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Constant-Temperature Bath—A water bath or other fluid bath equipped so that uniform temperature is maintained
throughout the bath. This may require agitation. If an air or other gaseous environment is used, provisions shall be made for
adequate circulation. Unless otherwise stated, the tests shall be conducted at 736 3.6°F3.6 °F (23 6 2°C).2 °C). The tolerance on
other test temperatures shall be 3.6°F3.6 °F (6 2°C).2 °C). Fluid environments that chemically attack the specimens shall not be
used unless this effect is being studied. In that case, the purpose of the test shall be included in the report.
NOTE 3—Reinforced thermosetting resin pipe and fittings may show increasing failure pressures as temperature is raised above 73.4°F (23°C)73.4 °F
(23 °C) in this test.
6.2 Pressurizing System—A device capable of applying an essentially continuously increasing internal hydraulic pressure to the
test specimen. Suggested equipment for this test may include the following:
6.2.1 Nitrogen Supply (Cylinder Gas) with a pressure regulator and hydraulic accumulator, or
6.2.1.1 Pump, capable of applying essentially continuously increasing internal hydraulic pressure to the test specimen.
6.3 Pressure Indicating System:
6.3.1 Pressure Gauges—When used, mechanical pressure gauges shall have a precision within 1 % of full-scale deflection with
a maximum indicating hand.
6.3.2 Pressure Transducers—When used, pressure transducers shall have a precision with 1% of full-scale deflection. The
system shall have the capability to save the maximum test pressure for retrival and display after the completion of the test.
6.3.3 The pressure indicating apparatus (gauge or pressure transducer) shall be located in the test system at a location such that
it only indicates pressure on the specimen and does not indicate pressure built up by water flowing in the supply lines to the
specimen.
NOTE 4—The pressure indicating apparatus (gauge or pressure transducer) should be equipped with a pressure surge protection device.
NOTE 5—When testing materials such as Polyolefins that change in volume greatly before rupture, a large diameter water supply line or location of
the gauge on the specimen should be used to eliminate erroneous readings caused by the pressure drop in the water supply line.
6.4 Timing Device—Stop watch or equivalent.
6.5 Specimen End Closures:
6.5.1 Pipe or Tubing—Either free-end or restrained-end closures, that will withstand the maximum test pressures, may be used.
Closures shall be designed so that they do not cause failure of the
...