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ASTM D2789-95(2011)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low Olefinic Gasoline by Mass Spectrometry

Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low Olefinic Gasoline by Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of gasoline process streams, blending stocks and finished motor fuels is useful in following the effect of changes in plant operating conditions, diagnosing process upsets, blending finished products and in evaluating the relationship between composition and performance properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by mass spectrometry of the total paraffins, monocycloparaffins, dicycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins or both, and naphthalenes in gasoline having an olefin content of less than 3 volume % and a 95 % distillation point of less than 210°C (411°F) as determined in accordance with Test Method D86. Olefins are determined by Test Method D1319, or by Test Method D875.
1.2 It has not been determined whether this test method is applicable to gasoline containing oxygenated compounds (for example, alcohols and ethers).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2011
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0M - Mass Spectrometry
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2789-95(2005) - Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low Olefinic Gasoline by Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D2001-07(2017) - Standard Test Method for Depentanization of Gasoline and Naphthas
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6593-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D8256-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in the Sequence VH Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
Effective Date
01-May-2011

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ASTM D2789-95(2011) - Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low Olefinic Gasoline by Mass SpectrometryASTM D2789-95(2011) - Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low Olefinic Gasoline by Mass Spectrometry
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ASTM D2789-95(2011) - Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low Olefinic Gasoline by Mass Spectrometry
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2789 −95(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Hydrocarbon Types in Low Olefinic Gasoline by Mass
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2001 Test Method for Depentanization of Gasoline and
Naphthas
1.1 This test method covers the determination by mass
D2002 Practice for Isolation of Representative Saturates
spectrometry of the total paraffins, monocycloparaffins,
Fraction from Low-Olefinic Petroleum Naphthas (With-
dicycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins or both, and
3
drawn 1998)
naphthalenes in gasoline having an olefin content of less than
3 volume % and a 95 % distillation point of less than 210°C
3. Terminology
(411°F) as determined in accordance with Test Method D86.
Olefins are determined by Test Method D1319,orbyTest 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 The summations of characteristic mass fragments are
Method D875.
defined as follows (equations are identical to those in 11.1):
1.2 It has not been determined whether this test method is
1
applicable to gasoline containing oxygenated compounds (for 43 paraffins 5 total peak height of m/e 43157171185199.
~ !
(
example, alcohols and ethers).
(1)
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 1
41 ~monocycloparaffins! 5 total peak height of m/e 41155169183
(
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
197. (2)
standard.
1
67 ~dicycloparaffins! 5 total peak height of m/e 67168181182
(
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
195196. (3)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 1
77 alkylbenzenes 5 total peak height of m/e 77178179191192
~ !
(
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
11051106111911201133113411471148
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
11611162. (4)
2. Referenced Documents 1
103 ~indans and tetralins! 5 total peak height of m/e 10311041117
(
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1118113111321145114611591160.
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
(5)
Atmospheric Pressure
1
128 naphthalenes 5 total peak height of m/e 128114161421155
~ !
(
D875 Method for Calculating of Olefins and Aromatics in
1156. (6)
Petroleum Distillates from Bromine Number and Acid
3
Absorption (Withdrawn 1984)
T 5 total ion intensity 5 411 431 671 771 1031 128.
( ( ( ( ( (
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-
(7)
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
3.1.2 carbon number—by definition, is the average number
of carbon atoms in the sample.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3.1.3 mass number—with a plus sign as superscript, is
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
defined as the peak height associated with the same mass
D02.04.0M on Mass Spectroscopy.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally number.
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2789–95(2005).
DOI: 10.1520/D2789-05R11.
4. Summary of Test Method
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1 Samples are analyzed by mass spectrometry, based on
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the summation of characteristic mass fragments, to determine
the ASTM website.
3
the concentration of the hydrocarbon types. The average
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. number of carbon atoms of the sample is estimated from
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2789−95 (2011)
develop their own calibration data using the blends described in Table 2.
spectral data. Calculations are made from calibration data
whicharedependentupontheaveragenumberofcarbonatoms
6.2 Sample Inlet System—Any sample inlet system that
of the sample. Results are expressed in liquid volume percent.
allows the introduction of the text mixture (8.2) without loss,
contamination, or change of composition.
5. Significance and Use
NOTE 2—Laboratory testing has shown that, unless a special sampling
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of gaso-
techniqueoraheatedinletsystemisused,relativelylargeerrorswilloccur
line process streams, blending stocks and finished motor fuels
i
...

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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
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1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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