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ASTM D4385-02

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products

Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual acceptance of thermosetting reinforced plastic pultruded rods, bars, shapes, and sheets.
1.2 This practice presents definitions of possible defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications, and final inspection.
1.3 This practice also categorizes different inspection requirements for three grades of product quality.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-2002
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.18 - Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4385-95 - Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D4385-08 - Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products
Effective Date
01-Mar-2008
Referred By
ASTM D7745-19 - Standard Practice for Testing Pultruded Composites
Effective Date
10-Mar-2002

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ASTM D4385-02 - Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced Plastic Pultruded ProductsASTM D4385-02 - Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products
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ASTM D4385-02 - Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4385–02
Standard Practice for
Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced
1
Plastic Pultruded Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4385; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* punched, drilled, and riveted without causing splitting or
delamination when good commercial practices are employed
1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual ac-
(for example, proper backup, adequate hole spacing, etc.).
ceptance of thermosetting reinforced plastic pultruded rods,
3.4 Critical Areas—Areas in which the presence of imper-
bars, shapes, and sheets.
fections is considered to be detrimental to the proper function
1.2 This practice presents definitions of possible defects to
of the part shall be designated as critical areas. The areas of a
serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications,
product that are critical structurally, aerodynamically, electri-
and final inspection.
cally, or for some other purpose shall be uniform and in
1.3 This practice also categorizes different inspection re-
accordance with the quality levels of Table 1 as stated on the
quirements for three grades of product quality.
product drawing. Critical areas may be designated on the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
product drawing by one of the following methods:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.4.1 Encircle critical areas,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.4.2 Cross-hatch areas to designate areas of various levels,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.4.3 Word description.
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
3.5 Allowable Defects—Defects that by nature, number, or
frequency of occurrence do not affect the serviceability of the
2. Referenced Documents
product. These allowable defects shall be fully described as to
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
type, size, number, extent allowed, and spacing. The appropri-
D 3647 Practice for Classifying Reinforced Plastic Pul-
ate acceptance level (see Table 1) for defects in these areas
truded Shapes According to Composition
mustbespecified.Defectsinexcessofthoselistedasallowable
D 3917 Specification for Dimensional Tolerance of Ther-
in the product specifications, drawings, or contracts for the
mosetting Glass-Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Shapes
product shall be cause for rejection.
3.6 Acceptable Defects—Unless otherwise specified, the
3. Acceptance Criteria
following defects shall be acceptable in all instances:
3.1 The method and frequency of sampling and the quality
3.6.1 Shrink-Mark—A dimple-like depression on the sur-
levelshallbeagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandtheseller.
face of a pultruded shape where it has retracted from the
3.2 Dimensions and Tolerances—Pultruded shapes shall be
pultrusion die, and which has well-rounded edges. A shrink-
inspected for conformance with dimensions and tolerances
mark generally occurs on one surface of a part where there is
specified on the product drawing. Products with any dimen-
a boss, flange, rib, or other heavy section on the opposite
sions exceeding the specified limits shall be rejected.
surface. The shrink-mark may be caused by the difference in
3.3 Punchability—Products 5 mm thick or thinner, having
total shrinkage when there is a sudden change in section along
Reinforcement Material G and Reinforcement Type M in
the surface of the part.
accordance with Practice D 3647, shall be capable of being
3.6.2 Resin Voids—Applicable to a number of mat- and
fabric-type reinforcement systems, particularly continuous
1 strand mat used without a surfacing material or woven fabrics.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
The resin voids appear as multiple surface interruptions that
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting
Plastics.
conform to the pattern of the cloth weave or the continuous
Current edition approved March 10, 2002. Published May 2002. Originally
strand mat fiber distribution. This is usually due to an insuffi-
published as D 4385 – 84. Last previous edition D 4385 – 95.
2 cient flow or shrinkage of the resin that fails to fill all of the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM interstices of the fabric or mat reinforcement. These defects
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the A
...

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SCOPE
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent horizontal shear strength of fiber reinforced plastic rods. The specimen is a short beam in the form of lengths of pultruded rods. This test method is applicable to all types of parallel-fiber-reinforced plastic rod samples.  
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This specification covers glass-fiber reinforced polyester plastic panels intended for use in construction. Light transmitting panels covered by this specification are divided into two types, based on relative response to a laboratory flammability test: Type CC1 for limited flammability and Type CC2 for general purpose. These types may be further subdivided by grades based on relative response to weathering tests: Grade 1 for weather resistance and Grade 2 for general purpose. The polyester resin used in the panels shall be a thermosetting styrenated and acrylated polyester resin composed of polymeric esters in which the recurring ester groups are an integral part of the main polymer chain. The resin shall be reinforced with glass fibers. The polyester resin may contain additives for various purposes. The materials shall be tested for water absorption, tensile strength, linear thermal expansion, and flexural strength.
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1.1 This specification covers the classification, materials of construction, workmanship, minimum physical requirements, and methods of testing glass-fiber reinforced polyester plastic panels intended for use in construction. Panels for specialized or unique applications have the potential to require values significantly above or below those stated in this specification. Recommended practices for certain specific applications are included as Appendix X1. This specification is not intended to restrict or limit technological changes affecting performance when those changes are agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.  
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1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in Tables and Figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.6 Fire properties are determined by using laboratory flammability tests (Test Methods D635, D1929, and E84).  
1.6.1 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6.2 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 of this specification. This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this specification to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D3982-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Contact Molded “Fiberglass” (Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Ducts

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material and design requirements, and fabrication of ducts and hoods made of "fiberglass" (glass fiber reinforced thermosetting resin) consisting of a polyester, vinyl ester, or other qualified resin-matrix systems with fiber reinforcement manufactured by contact molding, intended for use in handling corrosive fumes and process gases. Special attention is given to equipment that operates at specified temperatures with regard to strength and corrosion resistance. This specification does not address the selection of resins and reinforcements for specific chemical environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ducts fabricated by contact molding intended for use in handling corrosive fumes and process gases. Special attention is given to equipment that operates at temperatures over 180°F (82.2°C) with regard to strength and corrosion resistance.  
1.2 The material of construction shall be “fiberglass” consisting of a polyester, vinyl ester, or other qualified resin-matrix systems with fiber reinforcement in accordance with Specification C582.  
1.3 This specification is not intended to cover selection of resins and reinforcements for specific chemical environments.  
1.4 This specification covers ducts up to a design pressure of ±5 psig (34.5 Pa).  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM C581-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance of Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Structures Intended for Liquid Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The results obtained by this practice shall serve as a guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of a thermosetting resin used in an RTP structure. No attempt has been made to incorporate into the practice all the various factors that will potentially affect the serviceability of an RTP structure when subjected to chemical environments. These factors will potentially include stress, different resin-to-glass ratios, and multiple veils.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is designed to evaluate, in an unstressed state, the chemical resistance of thermosetting resins used in the fabrication of reinforced thermosetting plastic (RTP) laminates. This practice provides for the determination of changes in the properties, described as follows, of the test specimens and test reagent after exposure of the specimens to the reagent: hardness of specimens, weight change thickness, appearance of specimens, appearance of immersion media, and flexural strength and modulus.  
1.1.1 This practice is also useful to evaluate other factors, such as surfacing veils and the effect of resin additives, on the chemical resistance of the resin.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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