ASTM G128/G128M-15
(Guide)Standard Guide for Control of Hazards and Risks in Oxygen Enriched Systems
Standard Guide for Control of Hazards and Risks in Oxygen Enriched Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to introduce the hazards and risks associated with oxygen-enriched systems. This guide explains common hazards that often are overlooked. It provides an overview of the standards and documents produced by ASTM Committee G04 and other knowledgable sources as well as their uses. It does not highlight standard test methods that support the use of these practices. Table 1 provides a graphic representation of the relationship of ASTM G04 standards. Table 2 provides a list of standards published by ASTM and other organizations.
4.2 The standards discussed here focus on reducing the hazards associated with the use of oxygen. In general, they are not directly applicable to process reactors in which the deliberate reaction of materials with oxygen is sought, as in burners, bleachers, or bubblers. Other ASTM Committees and products (such as the CHETAH program5) and other outside groups are more pertinent for these.
4.3 This guide is not intended as a specification to establish practices for the safe use of oxygen. The documents discussed here do not purport to contain all the information needed to design and operate an oxygen-enriched system safely. The control of oxygen hazards has not been reduced to handbook procedures, and the tactics for using oxygen are not simple. Rather, they require the application of sound technical judgment and experience. Oxygen users should obtain assistance from qualified technical personnel to design systems and operating practices for the safe use of oxygen in their specific applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers an overview of the work of ASTM Committee G04 on Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres. It is a starting point for those asking the question: “What are the risks associated with my use of oxygen?” This guide is an introduction to the unique concerns that must be addressed in the handling of oxygen. The principal hazard is the prospect of ignition with resultant fire, explosion, or both. All fluid systems require design considerations, such as adequate strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, and pressure safety relief. In addition to these design considerations, one must also consider the ignition mechanisms that are specific to an oxygen-enriched system. This guide outlines these ignition mechanisms and the approach to reducing the risks.
1.2 This guide also lists several of the recognized causes of oxygen system fires and describes the methods available to prevent them. Sources of information about the oxygen hazard and its control are listed and summarized. The principal focus is on Guides G63, G88, Practice G93, and Guide G94. Useful documentation from other resources and literature is also cited.
Note 1: This guide is an outgrowth of an earlier (1988) Committee G04 videotape adjunct entitled Oxygen Safety and a related paper by Koch2 that focused on the recognized ignition source of adiabatic compression as one of the more significant but often overlooked causes of oxygen fires. This guide recapitulates and updates material in the videotape and paper.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Sections 8 and 11.
Note 2: ASTM takes no position respecting the validity of any evaluation methods asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this guide. Users ...
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Designation: G128/G128M − 15
Standard Guide for
1
Control of Hazards and Risks in Oxygen Enriched Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G128/G128M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This guide covers an overview of the work of ASTM
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
Committee G04 on Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials
precautionary statements see Sections 8 and 11.
in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres. It is a starting point for
those asking the question: “What are the risks associated with
NOTE 2—ASTM takes no position respecting the validity of any
evaluation methods asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this
my use of oxygen?” This guide is an introduction to the unique
guide. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the
concerns that must be addressed in the handling of oxygen. The
validity of any such evaluation methods and data and the risk of use of
principal hazard is the prospect of ignition with resultant fire,
such evaluation methods and data are entirely their own responsibility.
explosion, or both. All fluid systems require design
considerations, such as adequate strength, corrosion resistance, 2. Referenced Documents
fatigue resistance, and pressure safety relief. In addition to 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
these design considerations, one must also consider the ignition
D2512 Test Method for Compatibility of Materials with
mechanisms that are specific to an oxygen-enriched system.
Liquid Oxygen (Impact Sensitivity Threshold and Pass-
This guide outlines these ignition mechanisms and the ap-
Fail Techniques)
proach to reducing the risks.
D2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen
Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of
1.2 This guide also lists several of the recognized causes of
oxygen system fires and describes the methods available to Plastics (Oxygen Index)
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
prevent them. Sources of information about the oxygen hazard
and its control are listed and summarized. The principal focus Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision
Method)
is on Guides G63, G88, Practice G93, and Guide G94. Useful
documentation from other resources and literature is also cited. G63 Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxy-
gen Service
NOTE 1—This guide is an outgrowth of an earlier (1988) Committee
G72 Test Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature of
G04 videotape adjunct entitled Oxygen Safety and a related paper by
2
Liquids and Solids in a High-Pressure Oxygen-Enriched
Koch that focused on the recognized ignition source of adiabatic
compression as one of the more significant but often overlooked causes of
Environment
oxygen fires. This guide recapitulates and updates material in the
G74 Test Method for Ignition Sensitivity of Nonmetallic
videotape and paper.
Materials and Components by Gaseous Fluid Impact
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
G86 Test Method for Determining Ignition Sensitivity of
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Materials to Mechanical Impact in Ambient Liquid Oxy-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
gen and Pressurized Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Envi-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
ronments
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
G88 Guide for Designing Systems for Oxygen Service
with the standard.
G93 Practice for Cleaning Methods and Cleanliness Levels
for Material and Equipment Used in Oxygen-Enriched
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Environments
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
G94 Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service
G124 Test Method for Determining the Combustion Behav-
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G04 on Compatibility
ior of Metallic Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmo-
and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee G04.02 on Recommended Practices. spheres
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as G128– 02(2008). DOI:
3
10.1520/G0128_G0128M-15. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Koch, U. H., “Oxygen System Safety,” Flammability and Sensitivity of contact ASTM Customer Serv
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G128 − 02 (Reapproved 2008) G128/G128M − 15
Standard Guide for
1
Control of Hazards and Risks in Oxygen Enriched Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G128;G128/G128M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers an overview of the work of ASTM Committee G-4G04 on Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in
Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres. It is a starting point for those asking the question: “Are there any problems“What are the risks
associated with my use of oxygen?” An This guide is an introduction to the unique concerns that must be addressed in the handling
of oxygen. The principal hazard is the prospect of ignition with resultant fire, explosion, or both. This hazard requires design
considerations beyond those that apply to all systems, All fluid systems require design considerations, such as adequate strength,
corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, and pressure safety relief. In addition to these design considerations, one must also consider
the ignition mechanisms that are specific to an oxygen-enriched system. This guide outlines these ignition mechanisms and the
approach to reducing the risks.
1.2 This guide also lists several of the recognized causes of oxygen system fires and describes the methods available to prevent
them. Sources of information about the oxygen hazard and its control are listed and summarized. The principal focus is on Guides
G63, G88, Practice G93, and Guide G94. Useful documentation from other resources and literature is also cited.
2
NOTE 1—This guide is an outgrowth of an earlier (1988) Committee G-4G04 videotape adjunct entitled Oxygen Safety and a related paper by Koch
that focused on the recognized ignition source of adiabatic compression as one of the more significant but often overlooked causes of oxygen fires. This
guide recapitulates and updates material in the videotape and paper.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Sections 8 and 11.
NOTE 2—ASTM takes no position respecting the validity of any evaluation methods asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this guide. Users
of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such evaluation methods and data and the risk of use of such evaluation
methods and data are entirely their own responsibility.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2512 Test Method for Compatibility of Materials with Liquid Oxygen (Impact Sensitivity Threshold and Pass-Fail Techniques)
D2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics
(Oxygen Index)
D4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)
G63 Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxygen Service
G72 Test Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature of Liquids and Solids in a High-Pressure Oxygen-Enriched Environment
G74 Test Method for Ignition Sensitivity of Nonmetallic Materials and Components by Gaseous Fluid Impact
G86 Test Method for Determining Ignition Sensitivity of Materials to Mechanical Impact in Ambient Liquid Oxygen and
Pressurized Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Environments
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G04 on Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee G04.02 on Recommended Practices.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2008 November 2015. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20022008
ε1
as G128– 02– 02(2008). . DOI: 10.1520/G0128-02R08.10.1520/G0128_G0128M-15.
2
Koch, U. H., “Oxygen System Safety,” Flam
...
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