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ASTM D4860-91(2005)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Mid-Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)

Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Mid-Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a rapid, portable means for field and laboratory use to visually inspect for particulate matter and numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate fuels.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 11.2.3.1 and Annex A1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2005
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4860-91(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Mid-Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D4860-07 - Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Mid-Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7261-22 - Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Diesel Fuels by Portable Separometer
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8386-21 - Standard Test Method for Determining Enhanced Filter Blocking Tendency (EFBT)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D2068-20 - Standard Test Method for Determining Filter Blocking Tendency
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4176-22 - Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6469-20 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6824-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining Filterability of Aviation Turbine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6426-22 - Standard Test Method for Determining Filterability of Middle Distillate Fuel Oils
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005

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ASTM D4860-91(2005) - Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Mid-Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)ASTM D4860-91(2005) - Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Mid-Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
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ASTM D4860-91(2005) - Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Mid-Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D4860–91(Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Mid-Distillate
1
Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 clear-and-bright (also termed clean-and-bright)—a
condition in which the fuel contains no visible water drops or
1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for field
particulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.
and laboratory use to inspect visually for particulate matter and
3.1.2 free water—water in excess of that soluble in the fuel
numerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillate
atthetemperatureofthetestandappearinginthefuelasahaze
fuels.
or cloudiness, or as droplets.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.3 Micro-Separometer clear-and-bright (MSEP–C&B)—
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
a numerical rating indicating the presence and ease of removal
only.
of free water and particulate contamination by filtration.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 solid particulates—small solid or semi-solid particles,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sometimes referred to as silt or sediment, present in fuel as a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
result of contamination by air-blown dusts, corrosion by-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
products, fuel instability, or protective-coating deterioration.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
warning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 Visual inspection of the fuel sample for free water and
2
particulate matter is performed immediately when the sample
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is taken. A glass container is used to view for water haze, and
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
the fuel sample is swirled to create a vortex to detect the
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
presence of particulate matter.
D 1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid
3
4.2 Anumerical rating for free water is obtained by filtering
Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent
a portion of the fuel sample at a programmed rate (50 mL/45
D 2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Avia-
s)throughastandardfiberglasscoalescer/filter.Aportionofthe
tion Fuel by Line Sampling
effluent is used to establish a reference (100) level by a light
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
transmittance measurement. Another portion of the unproc-
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
essed (unfiltered) fuel sample is then compared to the 100
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
reference level. The results are reported on a 50 to 100 scale to
Petroleum Products
the nearest whole number. A test can be performed in 5 to 10
D 4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-
min.
tamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-
dures)
NOTE 1—Thestandardfiberglasscoalescer/filterconsistsofaprecision-
machined aluminum housing containing fiber-glass material that has been
3. Terminology
selected to specific air flow characteristics. These criteria have a direct
bearing on the test results.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5. Significance and Use
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5.1 The test provides a field test to evaluate visually a fuel
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
sample for particulate matter and free water similar to Test
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Method D 4176 plus a numerical rating for free water. High
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally
e1
numerical ratings indicate that the fuel is relatively free of free
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 4860 – 91 (2000) .
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
water. The degree of water and particulate contamination can
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
be measured using other methods such as Test Methods
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D 1744, D 2276, and D 2709.
the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- P
...

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
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1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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