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ASTM A322-91(1996)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades

Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-wrought alloy steel bars. Bar applications include forging, heat treating, cold drawing, machining and many structural components (Note 1).
Note 1—A guide for the selection of steel bars is contained in Practice A400.
1.2 The bars shall be furnished in the grades specified in Table 1. Sections and sizes of bar steel available are covered in Specification A29/A29M. Hot-wrought alloy steel bars are produced in cut lengths and coils; the manufacturer should be consulted regarding sections and sizes available in coils, produced to a chemical composition.
1.3 Some applications may require superior surface quality, or special chemical restrictions, metallurgical characteristics, heat treatment, or surface finishes which the purchaser may obtain by designating one or more of the available Supplementary Requirements.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Aug-1991
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.15 - Bars
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM A322-91(2001) - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades
Effective Date
15-Aug-1991
Referred By
ASTM A108-18 - Standard Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished
Effective Date
15-Aug-1991
Referred By
ASTM F1510-21 - Standard Specification for Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps, Ships Use
Effective Date
15-Aug-1991
Referred By
ASTM A29/A29M-23 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
Effective Date
15-Aug-1991
Referred By
ASTM D6547-16 - Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness of Lubricating Fluid to Bimetallic Couple
Effective Date
15-Aug-1991
Referred By
ASTM A689-97(2018) - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars for Springs
Effective Date
15-Aug-1991
Referred By
ASTM A400-17 - Standard Practice for Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composition, and Mechanical Properties
Effective Date
15-Aug-1991

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ASTM A322-91(1996) - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard GradesASTM A322-91(1996) - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades
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ASTM A322-91(1996) - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 322 – 91 (Reapproved 1996) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Ordering Information
1.1 This specification covers hot-wrought alloy steel bars. 3.1 Orders under this specification should include the fol-
Bar applications include forging, heat treating, cold drawing, lowing as required to describe adequately the desired material:
machining and many structural components (Note 1). 3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of bars),
3.1.2 Name of material (hot-wrought alloy steel bars),
NOTE 1—A guide for the selection of steel bars is contained in Practice
3.1.3 Dimensions,
A 400.
3.1.4 ASTM designation,
1.2 The bars shall be furnished in the grades specified in
3.1.5 Deoxidation practice (see 5.3),
Table 1. Sections and sizes of bar steel available are covered in
3.1.6 Grade designation or chemical composition limits (see
Specification A 29/A 29M. Hot-wrought alloy steel bars are
6.1 and Table 1),
produced in cut lengths and coils; the manufacturer should be
3.1.7 Grain size if required,
consulted regarding sections and sizes available in coils,
3.1.8 Test reports, if required (Section 8),
produced to a chemical composition.
3.1.9 Additions to the specification and Supplementary
1.3 Some applications may require superior surface quality,
Requirements, if required, and
or special chemical restrictions, metallurgical characteristics,
3.1.10 Application.
heat treatment, or surface finishes which the purchaser may
obtain by designating one or more of the available Supplemen-
4. General Requirements
tary Requirements.
4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of
as the standard.
ASTM Specification A 29/A 29M, unless otherwise provided
herein.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Materials and Manufacture
A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and
5.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the following
Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Require-
primary processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-
ments for
furnace. The primary melting may incorporate separate degas-
A 304 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Subject to End-
sing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting
Quench Hardenability Requirements
using electro-slag remelting or vacuum arc remelting. Where
A 400 Practice for Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composi-
secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all
tion, and Mechanical Properties
of the ingots remelted from a single primary heat.
E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
5.2 The steel shall be furnished as strand cast or ingot cast,
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing, Inspection, and Rating
unless otherwise specified.
Steel Products, Comprising Bars, Billets, Blooms, and
5.3 Deoxidation—Killed steel is required.
Forgings
5.3.1 The purchaser may designate that the steel be made to
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
coarse or fine austenitic grain size. (See Supplementary Re-
quirement S9 or S10.)
5.4 Slow Cooling—Immediately after hot forming, the bars
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
shall be allowed to cool to a temperature below the critical
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
range under suitable conditions to prevent imperfections
A01.15 on Bars.
caused by too rapid cooling.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1991. Published October 1991. Originally
published as A 322 – 47 T. Last previous edition A 322 – 90b.
5.5 Thermal Treatment—Various thermal treatments such as
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
annealing, stress relief, quench and temper, normalize, etc., are
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 322
available. Such treatments must be specified as a Supplemen- 6. Chemical Composition
tary Requirement.
6.1 The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements for
chemical composition in Table 1 for the grade specified.
A,B
TABLE 1 Grade Designations and Chemical Compositions of Hot-Wrought Alloy Steel Bars
D
UNS Grade Chemical Composition, Ranges and Limits, %
C
Designation Designations
E F
Carbon Manganese Phospho- Sulfur, Silicon Nickel Chromium Molybdenum
rus, max max
G13300 1330 0.28–0.33 1.60–1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . . .
G13350 1335 0.33–0.38 1.60–1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . . .
G13400 1340 0.38–0.43 1.60–1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . . .
G13450 1345 0.43–0.48 1.60–1.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . . .
G40230 4023 0.20–0.25 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . . 0.20–0.30
G40240 4024 0.20–0.25 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.035– 0.15–0.35 . . 0.20–0.30
0.050
G40270 4027 0.25–0.30 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . . 0.20–0.30
G40280 4028 0.25–0.30 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.035– 0.15–0.35 . . 0.20–0.30
0.050
G40370 4037 0.35–0.40 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . . 0.20–0.30
G40470 4047 0.45–0.50 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . . 0.20–0.30
G41180 4118 0.18–0.23 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.40–0.60 0.08–0.15
G41200 0.18–0.23 0.90–1.20 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.40–0.60 0.13–0.20
G41210 0.18–0.23 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.45–0.65 0.20–0.30
G41300 4130 0.28–0.33 0.40–0.60 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41370 4137 0.35–0.40 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41400 4140 0.38–0.43 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41420 4142 0.40–0.45 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41450 4145 0.43–0.48 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41470 4147 0.45–0.50 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41500 4150 0.48–0.53 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.80–1.10 0.15–0.25
G41610 4161 0.56–0.64 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.70–0.90 0.25–0.35
G43200 4320 0.17–0.22 0.45–0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 0.40–0.60 0.20–0.30
G43400 4340 0.38–0.43 0.60–0.80 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 0.70–0.90 0.20–0.30
G43406 E4340 0.38–0.43 0.65–0.85 0.025 0.025 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 0.70–0.90 0.20–0.30
G46150 4615 0.13–0.18 0.45–0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 . 0.20–0.30
G46200 4620 0.17–0.22 0.45–0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 . 0.20–0.30
G46210 4621 0.18–0.23 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 1.65–2.00 . 0.20–0.30
G46260 4626 0.24–0.29 0.45–0.65 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.70–1.00 . 0.15–0.25
G47150 0.13–0.18 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.70–1.00 0.45–0.65 0.45–0.60
G47200 4720 0.17–0.22 0.50–0.70 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.90–1.20 0.35–0.55 0.15–0.25
G48150 4815 0.13–0.18 0.40–0.60 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 3.25–3.75 . 0.20–0.30
G48170 4817 0.13–0.20 0.40–0.60 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 3.25–3.75 . 0.20–0.30
G48200 4820 0.18–0.73 0.50–0.70 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 3.25–3.75 . 0.20–0.30
G51170 5117 0.15–0.20 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.70–0.90 .
G51200 5120 0.17–0.22 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.70–0.90 .
G51300 5130 0.28–0.33 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.80–1.10 .
G51320 5132 0.30–0.35 0.60–0.80 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.75–1.00 .
G51350 5135 0.33–0.38 0.60–0.80 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.80–1.05 .
G51400 5140 0.38–0.43 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.70–0.90 .
G51500 5150 0.48–0.53 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.70–0.90 .
G51550 5155 0.51–0.59 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.70–0.90 .
G51600 5160 0.56–0.64 0.75–1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.70–0.90 .
G51986 E51100 0.98–1.10 0.25–0.45 0.025 0.025 0.15–0.35 . 0.90–1.15 .
G52986 E52100 0.98–1.10 0.25–0.45 0.025 0.025 0.15–0.35 . 1.30–1.60 .
Vanadium
G61180 6118 0.16–0.21 0.50–0.70 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.50–0.70 0.10–0.15
G61500 6150 0.48–0.53 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 . 0.80–1.10 0.15 min
Molybdenum
G86150 8615 0.13–0.18 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.04 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86170 8617 0.15–0.20 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86200 8620 0.18–0.23 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.04 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86220 8622 0.20–0.25 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86250 8625 0.23–0.28 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86270 8627 0.25–0.30 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86300 8630 0.28–0.33 0.70–0.90 0.035 0.040 0.15–0.35 0.40–0.70 0.40–0.60 0.15–0.25
G86370 8637 0.35–0.40 0.75–1.00
...

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1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F319-19(2024)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Polarized Light Detection of Flaws in Aerospace Transparency Heating Elements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful as a screening basis for acceptance or rejection of transparencies during manufacturing so that units with identifiable flaws will not be carried to final inspection for rejection at that time.  
4.2 This practice may also be employed as a go-no go technique for acceptance or rejection of the finished product.  
4.3 This practice is simple, inexpensive, and effective. Flaws identified by this practice, as with other optical methods, are limited to those that produce temperature gradients when electrically powered. Any other type of flaw, such as minor scratches parallel to the direction of electrical flow, are not detectable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for detecting flaws in the conductive coating (heater element) by the observation of polarized light patterns.  
1.2 This practice applies to coatings on surfaces of monolithic transparencies as well as to coatings imbedded in laminated structures.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D187-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Burning Quality of Kerosene

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since the information provided by this test method is largely qualitative in nature, specific limits covering the following characteristics are required in referring to this test method in specifications for kerosene:  
5.1.1 Duration of the test: 16 h is understood, if not otherwise specified;  
5.1.2 Permissible change in flame shape and dimensions during the test;  
5.1.3 Description of the acceptable appearance of the chimney deposit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the burning properties of kerosene to be used for illuminating purposes. (Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.)
Note 1: The corresponding Energy Institute (IP) test method is IP 10 which features a quantitative evaluation of the wick-char-forming tendencies of the kerosene, whereas Test Method D187 features a qualitative performance evaluation of the kerosene. Both test methods subject the kerosene to somewhat more severe operating conditions than would be experienced in typical designated applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements appear throughout the test method.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D396-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Fuel Oils

ABSTRACT
This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.  
1.1.2 Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.  
1.1.3 Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.  
1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.  
Note 1: For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.
Note 2: A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.  
1.2 This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4.1 Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and Table 2 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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