ASTM D6080-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids
Standard Practice for Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this practice is to establish viscosity designations derived from viscosities measured by test methods which have a meaningful relationship to hydraulic fluid performance. This permits lubricant suppliers, lubricant users, and equipment designers to have a uniform and common basis for designating, specifying, or selecting the viscosity characteristics of hydraulic fluids.
5.2 This practice is not intended to be a replacement for Classification D2422. Rather, it is an enhancement intended to provide a better description of the viscosity characteristics of lubricants used as hydraulic fluids.
5.3 This practice implies no evaluation of hydraulic oil quality other than its viscosity and shear stability under the conditions specified.
5.4 While it is not intended for other functional fluids, this practice may be useful in high-shear-stress applications where viscosity index (VI) improvers are used to extend the useful operating temperature range of the fluid.
5.5 This practice does not apply to other lubricants for which viscosity classification systems already exist, for example, SAE J300 for automotive engine oils and SAE J306 for axle and manual transmission lubricants.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers all hydraulic fluids based either on petroleum, synthetic, or naturally-occurring base stocks. It is not intended for water-containing hydraulic fluids.
1.2 For determination of viscosities at low temperature, this practice uses millipascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity. For reference, 1 mPa·s is equivalent to 1 centipoise (cP). For determination of viscosities at high temperature, this practice uses millimetre squared per second (mm2/s) as the unit of kinematic viscosity. For reference, 1 mm2/s is equivalent to 1 centistoke (cSt).
1.3 This practice is applicable to fluids ranging in kinematic viscosity from about 4 mm2/s to 150 mm2/s as measured at a reference temperature of 40 °C and to temperatures from −50 °C to +16 °C for a fluid viscosity of 750 mPa·s.
Note 1: Fluids of lesser or greater viscosity than the range described in 1.3 are seldom used as hydraulic fluids. Any mathematical extrapolation of the system to either higher or lower viscosity grades may not be appropriate. Any need to expand the system should be evaluated on its own merit.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:D6080 −18
Standard Practice for
1
Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6080; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
ity)
1.1 This practice covers all hydraulic fluids based either on
D2270Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
petroleum, synthetic, or naturally-occurring base stocks. It is
matic Viscosity at 40°C and 100°C
not intended for water-containing hydraulic fluids.
D2422Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
1.2 For determination of viscosities at low temperature, this
cosity System
practice uses millipascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscos-
D2983Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Au-
ity. For reference, 1mPa·s is equivalent to 1 centipoise (cP).
tomaticTransmissionFluids,HydraulicFluids,andLubri-
For determination of viscosities at high temperature, this
cants using a Rotational Viscometer
2
practiceusesmillimetresquaredpersecond(mm /s)astheunit
D5621Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Hydraulic
2
of kinematic viscosity. For reference, 1mm /s is equivalent to
Fluids
1 centistoke (cSt).
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1.3 Thispracticeisapplicabletofluidsranginginkinematic Determine Conformance with Specifications
2 2
E1953Practice for Description of Thermal Analysis and
viscosity from about 4mm /s to 150mm /s as measured at a
reference temperature of 40 °C and to temperatures Rheology Apparatus
3
from−50°C to+16°C for a fluid viscosity of 750mPa·s.
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standards:
J300Engine Oil Viscosity Classification
NOTE 1—Fluids of lesser or greater viscosity than the range described
J306Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Viscosity
in1.3areseldomusedashydraulicfluids.Anymathematicalextrapolation
of the system to either higher or lower viscosity grades may not be
Classification
appropriate. Any need to expand the system should be evaluated on its
own merit.
3. Terminology
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.1 hydraulic fluid, n—a liquid used in hydraulic systems
standard.
for lubrication and transmission of power.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.2 kinematic viscosity, n—the ratio of the dynamic vis-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
cosity to the density of a liquid.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2.1 Discussion—For gravity flow under a given hydro-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
static head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
density. Therefore, kinematic viscosity is a measure of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
resistance to flow of a liquid under gravity.
3.1.3 Newtonian oil or fluid, n—anoilorfluidthatatagiven
2. Referenced Documents
temperature exhibits a constant viscosity at all shear rates or
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shear stresses.
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
3.1.4 non-Newtonian oil or fluid, n—an oil or fluid that at a
given temperature exhibits a viscosity that varies with chang-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum ing shear stress or shear rate.
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
3.1.5 shear degradation, n—the decrease in molecular
mittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.
weight of a polymeric thickener (VI improver) as a result of
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2018.PublishedJuly2018.Originallyapproved
in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6080–12a. DOI: 10.1520/
exposure to high shear stress.
D6080-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromSAEInternational(SAE),400CommonwealthDr.,Warrendale,
the ASTM website. PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6080−18
3.1.6 shear rate, n—the velocity gradient in fluid flow. 5.3 This practice implies no evaluation of hydraulic oil
quality other than its viscosity and
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6080 − 12a D6080 − 18
Standard Practice for
1
Defining the Viscosity Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6080; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers all hydraulic fluids based either on petroleum, synthetic, or naturally-occurring base stocks. It is not
intended for water-containing hydraulic fluids.
1.2 For determination of viscosities at low temperature, this practice uses millipascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity.
For reference, 1 mPa·s is equivalent to 1 centipoise (cP). For determination of viscosities at high temperature, this practice uses
2 2
millimetre squared per second (mm /s) as the unit of kinematic viscosity. For reference, 1 mm1 mm /s is equivalent to 1 centistoke
(cSt).
2 2
1.3 This practice is applicable to fluids ranging in kinematic viscosity from about 4 mm /s to 150 mm /s as measured at a
reference temperature of 40 °C and to temperatures from −50 °C to +16 °C for a fluid viscosity of 750 mPa·s.
NOTE 1—Fluids of lesser or greater viscosity than the range described in 1.3 are seldom used as hydraulic fluids. Any mathematical extrapolation of
the system to either higher or lower viscosity grades may not be appropriate. Any need to expand the system should be evaluated on its own merit.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
D2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants using
a Rotational Viscometer
D5621 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Hydraulic Fluids
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E1953 Practice for Description of Thermal Analysis and Rheology Apparatus
3
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standards:
J300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification
J306 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Viscosity Classification
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 hydraulic fluid, n—a liquid used in hydraulic systems for lubrication and transmission of power.
3.1.2 kinematic viscosity, n—the ratio of the dynamic viscosity to the density of a liquid.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012June 1, 2018. Published February 2013July 2018. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as
D6080D6080 – 12a.–12. DOI: 10.1520/D6080-12A.10.1520/D6080-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001,15096, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6080 − 18
For gravity flow under a given hydrostatic head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its density. Therefore, kinematic
viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow of a liquid under gravity.
3.1.3 Newtonian oil or fluid, n—an oil or fluid that at a given temperature exhibits a constant viscosity at all shear rates or shear
stre
...
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