ASTM D5574-94(2021)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Establishing Allowable Mechanical Properties of Wood-Bonding Adhesives for Design of Structural Joints
Standard Test Methods for Establishing Allowable Mechanical Properties of Wood-Bonding Adhesives for Design of Structural Joints
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Safe and reliable mechanical properties for adhesives are necessary to achieve the full structural benefit of adhesives in bonded structural components and assemblies.
5.2 An adhesive’s properties exhibit a natural variation or distribution of values. The allowable design stress for an adhesive must be adjusted to allow for variability and environmental effects to ensure human safety and prevent premature failure of costly structures.
5.3 Modification factors can be applied to the allowable design stress by the design engineer as deemed appropriate for the expected service conditions of the adhesive, or in accordance with the requirements of a building code.
5.4 The allowable properties developed under these methods apply only to the actual adhesive formulation tested and analyzed.
5.5 The allowable properties developed for a given adhesive shall apply only to adhesive bondlines with thicknesses in the range for which data is available.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the principles for establishing allowable mechanical properties for adhesives that can be used to design adhesive-bonded joints for structural components and assemblies of wood or wood with other materials. These test methods are modeled after Practice D245.
1.2 The properties determined are allowable shear stress, allowable tensile stress, and allowable shear modulus.
1.3 In determination of allowable shear- and tensile-stress levels, these test methods are limited by the horizontal shear and tension perpendicular-to-the-grain capacity of the wood adherends (hard maple, Acer saccharum, Marsh.). The adhesives so tested may actually have shear or tensile allowable stresses exceeding the wood, but the determined allowable design stress levels are limited (upper bounded) by the wood in these test methods. If a wood other than hard maple is used for testing the adhesive, then the allowable strengths are upper bounded by the properties of that particular wood.
1.4 The strength properties are determined by standard ASTM test methods. As a result, only procedural variations from the standards and special directions for applying the results are given in these test methods.
1.5 Time-to-failure data derived from creep-rupture testing (see Test Method D4680) provide a measure of the ultimate strength of an adhesive bond as a function of time at various levels of temperature and moisture.
1.5.1 With proper caution, useful service life at a given shear stress level may be extrapolated from relatively short loading periods.
1.6 The resistance of the adhesive to permanent loss of properties due to aging (permanence) is assessed by means of strength tests after constant elevated-temperature and moisture aging of test specimens.
1.6.1 If the subject adhesives will be used to bond wood that has been treated with a preservative, fire retardant, or any other chemical to modify its properties, then the permanence of the adhesive shall be tested using wood adherends treated in the same manner.
1.7 Factors for durability, permanence, and creep derived by shear tests and analysis, are assumed to apply to tension (normal-to-the-bond) strength as well.
1.8 Requirements for production, inspection, and certification of adhesives evaluated under these test methods are not included.
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5574 − 94 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Methods for
Establishing Allowable Mechanical Properties of Wood-
1
Bonding Adhesives for Design of Structural Joints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5574; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6.1 Ifthesubjectadhesiveswillbeusedtobondwoodthat
has been treated with a preservative, fire retardant, or any other
1.1 These test methods cover the principles for establishing
chemical to modify its properties, then the permanence of the
allowable mechanical properties for adhesives that can be used
adhesive shall be tested using wood adherends treated in the
todesignadhesive-bondedjointsforstructuralcomponentsand
same manner.
assemblies of wood or wood with other materials. These test
1.7 Factorsfordurability,permanence,andcreepderivedby
methods are modeled after Practice D245.
shear tests and analysis, are assumed to apply to tension
1.2 The properties determined are allowable shear stress,
(normal-to-the-bond) strength as well.
allowable tensile stress, and allowable shear modulus.
1.8 Requirements for production, inspection, and certifica-
1.3 In determination of allowable shear- and tensile-stress
tion of adhesives evaluated under these test methods are not
levels, these test methods are limited by the horizontal shear
included.
and tension perpendicular-to-the-grain capacity of the wood
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
adherends (hard maple, Acer saccharum, Marsh.). The adhe-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
sives so tested may actually have shear or tensile allowable
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
stresses exceeding the wood, but the determined allowable
and are not considered standard.
design stress levels are limited (upper bounded) by the wood in
these test methods. If a wood other than hard maple is used for 1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
testing the adhesive, then the allowable strengths are upper
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
bounded by the properties of that particular wood. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.4 The strength properties are determined by standard
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ASTM test methods. As a result, only procedural variations
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
from the standards and special directions for applying the
results are given in these test methods.
2. Referenced Documents
1.5 Time-to-failure data derived from creep-rupture testing
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(see Test Method D4680) provide a measure of the ultimate
D245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-
strength of an adhesive bond as a function of time at various
lated Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber
levels of temperature and moisture.
D897 Test Method for Tensile Properties ofAdhesive Bonds
1.5.1 With proper caution, useful service life at a given
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
shear stress level may be extrapolated from relatively short
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
loading periods.
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
D1101 Test Methods for Integrity of Adhesive Joints in
1.6 The resistance of the adhesive to permanent loss of
properties due to aging (permanence) is assessed by means of Structural Laminated Wood Products for Exterior Use
D1151 Practice for Effect of Moisture and Temperature on
strength tests after constant elevated-temperature and moisture
aging of test specimens. Adhesive Bonds
D2555 PracticeforEstablishingClearWoodStrengthValues
D2559 Specification for Adhesives for Bonded Structural
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
Adhesives and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on Construc-
2
tion Adhesives. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2021. Published March 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5574 – 94 (2012). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5574-94R21. the ASTM website.
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