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ASTM D6607-00(2009)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Inclusion of Precision Statement Variation in Specification Limits

Standard Practice for Inclusion of Precision Statement Variation in Specification Limits

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Each test method has a limited precision. Even if a test is performed as carefully and as correctly as possible on a material which is as homogeneous as can be obtained, the test will still vary from one to another. A widely used measure of the variation of the test results from a test method is the standard deviation (σ). In an ASTM standard test, the standard deviation of the test method can be found in the Precision and Bias statement for the test. The “Blue Book,” Form and Style for ASTM Standards, requires that all test methods include Precision and Bias statements. Practice C670 and Practice C802 provide guidance for determination of these values.
If the precision of a test method is low and the precision of the test has not been properly considered in a material specification, a uniform material with the right quality may still be rejected most of the time because of the wide variation of the test results. In order to have rational specification limits, the precision of the test used should be properly included in a specification.
This practice provides a guideline for proper inclusion of precision of the test method in a rational specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a method of determining rational specification limits by inclusion of the precision of the test method used in the specification.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2009
ICS
19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.94 - Statistical Procedures and Evaluation of Data
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6607-00(2005) - Standard Practice for Inclusion of Precision Statement Variation in Specification Limits
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM C670-15 - Standard Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009

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ASTM D6607-00(2009) - Standard Practice for Inclusion of Precision Statement Variation in Specification LimitsASTM D6607-00(2009) - Standard Practice for Inclusion of Precision Statement Variation in Specification Limits
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ASTM D6607-00(2009) - Standard Practice for Inclusion of Precision Statement Variation in Specification Limits
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6607 −00(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Inclusion of Precision Statement Variation in Specification
Limits
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6607; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice covers a method of determining rational 3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, consult
specification limits by inclusion of the precision of the test Practice E177.
method used in the specification.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.1 Each test method has a limited precision. Even if a test
standard. is performed as carefully and as correctly as possible on a
material which is as homogeneous as can be obtained, the test
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
will still vary from one to another. A widely used measure of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the variation of the test results from a test method is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
standard deviation (σ). In anASTM standard test, the standard
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
deviation of the test method can be found in the Precision and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Bias statement for the test. The “Blue Book,” Form and Style
for ASTM Standards, requires that all test methods include
2. Referenced Documents
Precision and Bias statements. Practice C670 and Practice
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C802 provide guidance for determination of these values.
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
4.2 If the precision of a test method is low and the precision
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
of the test has not been properly considered in a material
C802 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Pro-
specification,auniformmaterialwiththerightqualitymaystill
gram to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for
be rejected most of the time because of the wide variation of
Construction Materials
thetestresults.Inordertohaverationalspecificationlimits,the
D2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen
precision of the test used should be properly included in a
From Bituminous Paving Mixtures
specification.
D2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density
of Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous Mixtures
4.3 This practice provides a guideline for proper inclusion
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
of precision of the test method in a rational specification.
ASTM Test Methods
2.2 Federal Highway Administration Report: 5. Procedure
FHWA Report HI-93–047 Materials Control and
5.1 Determine the effective standard deviation (σ )ofthe
X
Acceptance—Quality Assurance, Federal Highway
test results due to the combined effects of materials variation
Administration, May 1993
and test variation using Eq 1:
2 2
σ 5 σ 1σ (1)
~ !
X M T
This guide is under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 on Road and Paving
where:
Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.94 on Statistical
σ = standard deviation of test property due to material
Procedures and Evaluation of Data.
M
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally
variation (see Note 1), and
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6607 – 00 (2005).
σ = standard deviation of test property due to test method
T
DOI: 10.1520/D6607-00R09.
(see Note 2).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 1—σ is the expected standard deviation of the material property
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM M
when the material is produced in a properly controlled process.Astandard
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
deviation which is representative of the acceptable variation of the
the ASTM website.
Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Depart- material can be used. It can be calculated from the data obtained from
ment of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161. properly produced materials.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6607−00 (2009)
NOTE2—σ isthestandarddeviationasgivenintheprecisionstatement TABLE1ZValuesforDifferent Confidence Levels
T
for the test method used to measure the test property.
Confidence 90 % 95 % 97.5 % 99.0 %
Level (1 – α):
5.2 Determine the standard deviation of the mean of the test
Z (Two- 1.645 1.960 2.243 2.575
α/2
results σ¯ using Eq 2:
~ 3!
End
Specification)
σ¯ 5σ /=n (2)
3 3 Z (One-End 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.327
α
Specification)
where:
n = number of tests performed.
5.3 For a two-ended specification (with both a minimum
and maximum li
...

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Standard Practice for Inclusion of Precision Statement Variation in Specification Limits

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Each test method has a limited precision. Even if a test is performed as carefully and as correctly as possible on a material which is as homogeneous as can be obtained, the test will still vary from one to another. A widely used measure of the variation of the test results from a test method is the standard deviation (σ). In an ASTM standard test method, the standard deviation of the test method can be found in the Precision and Bias statement for the test. The “Blue Book,” Form and Style for ASTM Standards, requires that all test methods include Precision and Bias statements. Practices C670 and C802 provide guidance for determination of these values.  
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4.1 All test methods have an output in the form of a test result. This guide provides information on the construction of test results from more elemental measurements.  
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4.1 This guide describes the principal types of sampling designs and provides formulas for estimating population means and standard errors of the estimates. Practice E105 provides principles for designing probability sampling plans in relation to the objectives of study, costs, and practical constraints. Practice E122 aids in specifying the required sample size. Practice E141 describes conditions to ensure validity of the results of sampling. Further description of the designs and formulas in this guide, and beyond it, can be found in textbooks (1-10).3  
4.2 Sampling, both discrete and bulk, is a clerical and physical operation. It generally involves training enumerators and technicians to use maps, directories and stop watches so as to locate designated sampling units. Once a sampling unit is located at its address, discrete sampling and area sampling enumeration proceeds to a measurement. For bulk sampling, material is extracted into a composite.  
4.3 A sampling plan consists of instructions telling how to list addresses and how to select the addresses to be measured or extracted. A frame is a listing of addresses each of which is indexed by a single integer or by an n-tuple (several integer) number. The sampled population consists of all addresses in the frame that can actually be selected and measured. It is sometimes different from a targeted population that the user would have preferred to be covered.  
4.4 A selection scheme designates which indexes constitute the sample. If certified random numbers completely control the selection scheme the sample is called a probability sample. Certified random numbers are those generated either from a table (for example, Ref (11)) that has been tested for equal digit frequencies and for serial independence, from a computer program that was checked to have a long cycle length, or from a random physical method such as tossing of a coin or a casino-quality spinner.  
4.5 The objective of sampling is often to estimate t...
SCOPE
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Standard Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developing and Applying Test Methods

ABSTRACT
This guide identifies statistical procedures for use in developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing test methods, or both. It also cites statistical procedures especially useful in the application of test methods. This standard recommends what approaches may be taken and indicates which standards may be used to perform such assessments.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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FIG. 1 Sequence of Steps  
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4.4 Since ASTM began to require all test methods to have precision and bias statements that are based on interlaboratory studies, there has been increased concern regarding what statistical experiments and procedures to use during the development of the test methods. Although there exists a wide range of statistical procedures, there is a small group of generally accepted techniques that are beneficial to follow. This guide is designed to provide a brief overview of these procedures and to suggest an appropriate sequence of conducting these procedures.  
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5.1 This practice is suitable for the determination of extractable substances that may be found in materials used in systems or components requiring a high level of cleanliness, such as oxygen systems. Soft goods, such as seals and valve seats, may be tested as received. Gloves and wipes, or samples thereof, to be used in cleaning operations may be evaluated prior to use to ensure that the proposed extracting agent does not extract or deposit chemicals, or both, on the surface to be cleaned.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Practice for Determination of a Pooled Limit of Quantitation for a Test Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Background—In a single laboratory, the limit of quantitation, LOQ, equal to ten times the standard deviation obtained under repeatability conditions extrapolated to zero concentration (s0) based on samples with close to zero concentrations has been recommended.3 A test result at this LOQ has an uncertainty of ±30 % at the 99 % confidence level.  
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5.1.3 It should be noted that since differences in repeatability testing capabilities between different laboratories can exist, therefore, LLOQ determined at a single laboratory can be different than the PLOQ determined for the test method.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of standard regression techniques and data from an interlaboratory study to determine a lower quantitative limit for a test method. This determined lower limit represents the numerical limit at or above which the test results are considered to be quantitatively meaningful for commerce or regulatory activities by this practice. It is defined by this standard as the pooled limit of quantitation (PLOQ) for the test method.  
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Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

ABSTRACT
This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, analyzing, and treating the results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) of a test method. The statistical techniques described in this practice provide adequate information for formulating the precision statement of a test method. This practice is also concerned exclusively with test methods which yield a single numerical figure as the test result, although the single figure may be the outcome of a calculation from a set of measurements. ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility and knowledge of the test method precision is useful in commerce and in technical work when comparing test results against standard values or between data sources.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice may be used in obtaining the needed information as simply as possible. This information may then be used to prepare a precision statement in accordance with Practice E177. Knowledge of the test method precision is useful in commerce and in technical work when comparing test results against standard values (such as specification limits) or between data sources (different laboratories, instruments, etc.).  
4.1.1 When a test method is applied to a large number of portions of a material that are as nearly alike as possible, the test results obtained will not all have the same value. A measure of the degree of agreement among these test results describes the precision of the test method for that material. Numerical measures of the variability between such test results provide inverse measures of the precision of the test method. Greater variability implies smaller (that is, poorer) precision and larger imprecision.  
4.1.2 Precision is reported as a standard deviation, coefficient of variation (relative standard deviation), variance, or a precision limit (a data range indicating no statistically significant difference between test results).  
4.1.3 This practice is designed only to estimate the precision of a test method. However, when accepted reference values are available for the property levels, the test result data obtained according to this practice may be used in estimating the bias of the test method. For a discussion of bias estimation and the relationships between precision, bias, and accuracy, see Practice E177.  
4.2 The procedures presented in this practice consist of three basic steps: planning the interlaboratory study, guiding the testing phase of the study, and analyzing the test result data.  
4.2.1 The planning phase includes forming the ILS task group, the study design, selection, and number of participating laborato...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, analyzing, and treating the results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) of a test method. The statistical techniques described in this practice provide adequate information for formulating the precision statement of a test method.  
1.2 This practice does not concern itself with the development of test methods but rather with gathering the information needed for a test method precision statement after the development stage has been successfully completed. The data obtained in the interlaboratory study may indicate, however, that further effort is needed to improve the test method.  
1.3 Since the primary purpose of this practice is the development of the information needed for a precision statement, the experimental design in this practice may not be optimum for evaluating materials, apparatus, or individual laboratories.  
1.4 Field of Application—This practice is concerned exclusively with test methods which yield a single numerical figure as the test result, although the single figure may be the outcome of a calculation from a set of measurements.  
1.4.1 This practice ...

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Standard Test Method for Determination of the Accelerated Hydrogen Sulfide Breakthrough Capacity of Granular and Pelletized Activated Carbon

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method compares the performance of granular or pelletized activated carbons used in odor control applications, such as sewage treatment plants, pump stations, etc. The method determines the relative breakthrough performance of activated carbon for removing hydrogen sulfide from a humidified gas stream. Other organic contaminants present in field operations may affect the H2S breakthrough capacity of the carbon; these are not addressed by this test. This test does not simulate actual conditions encountered in an odor control application, and is therefore meant only to compare the hydrogen sulfide breakthrough capacities of different carbons under the conditions of the laboratory test.  
5.2 This test does not duplicate conditions that an adsorber would encounter in practical service. The mass transfer zone in the 23 cm column used in this test is proportionally much larger than that in the typical bed used in industrial applications. This difference favors a carbon that functions more rapidly for removal of H2S over a carbon with slower kinetics. Also, the 1 % H2S challenge gas concentration used here engenders a significant temperature rise in the carbon bed. This effect may also differentiate between carbons in a way that is not reflected in the conditions of practical service.  
5.3 This standard as written is applicable only to granular and pelletized activated carbons with mean particle diameters less than 2.5 mm. Application of this standard to activated carbons with mean particle diameters (MPD) greater than 2.5 mm will require a larger diameter adsorption column. The ratio of column inside diameter to MPD should be greater than 10 in order to avoid wall effects. In these cases it is suggested that bed superficial velocity and contact time be held invariant at the conditions specified in this standard (4.77 cm/s and 4.8 s). Although not covered by this standard, data obtained from these tests may be reported as in paragraph 12 along with additional ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of virgin, newly impregnated or in-service, granular or pelletized activated carbon for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from an air stream, under the laboratory test conditions described herein. A humidified air stream containing 1 % (by volume) hydrogen sulfide is passed through a carbon bed until 50 ppm breakthrough of H2S is observed. The H2S adsorption capacity of the carbon per unit volume at 99.5 % removal efficiency (g H2S/cm3 carbon) is then calculated. This test is not necessarily applicable to non-carbon adsorptive materials.  
1.2 This standard as written is applicable only to granular and pelletized activated carbons with mean particle diameters (MPD) less than 2.5 mm. See paragraph 5.3 if activated carbons with larger MPDs are to be tested.  
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Practice for Exposure and Retrieval of Samples to Evaluate Installation Damage of Geosynthetics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ability to maintain design function (for example, reinforcement, separation, barrier, etc.) or design properties (for example, tensile strength, chemical resistance, etc.), or both, of a geosynthetic may be affected by damage to the physical structure of the geosynthetic due to the rigors of field installation. The effect of damage may be assessed by analyzing specimens cut from sample(s) retrieved after installation in a representative test section. Analysis may be performed with visual examination or laboratory testing of specimens from the control sample(s), and from the exhumed sample(s).  
5.2 A uniform practice for installing and retrieving representative sample(s) from a test section is needed to assess installation damage using project-specific or generally accepted, representative materials and procedures. Damage of a specific grade and type of geosynthetic under specific installation procedures may be assessed with sample(s) exhumed from a full-scale test section.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardized procedures for obtaining samples of geosynthetics from a test section for use in assessment of the effects of damage immediately after installation caused only by the installation techniques. The assessment may include physical testing. This practice is applicable to any geosynthetic except those installed between layers of aggregate or soil modified by a binder.
Note 1: The binder would inhibit the retrieval of the geosynthetic without inflicting further damage to the geosynthetic. Other practices may be suitable for retrieving geosynthetics used in these applications but are out of the scope of this practice.  
1.2 This practice is limited to full-scale test sections and does not address laboratory modeling of field conditions. This practice does not address which test method(s) to use for quantifying installation damage.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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    English language
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