ASTM D7248/D7248M-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bearing/Bypass Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates Using 2-Fastener Specimens
Standard Test Method for Bearing/Bypass Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates Using 2-Fastener Specimens
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the uniaxial bearing/bypass interaction response of multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by either double-shear tensile loading (Procedures A and C) or single-shear tensile or compressive loading (Procedure B) of a two-fastener specimen. The scope of this test method is limited to net section (bypass) failure modes. Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for each procedure. A number of test parameters may be varied within the scope of the standard, provided that the parameters are fully documented in the test report. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in .
1.2 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of MIL-HDBK-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a bearing/bypass interaction response test method.
1.3 The two-fastener test configurations described in this test method are similar to those in Test Method D 5961/D 5961M as well as those used by industry to investigate the bearing portion of the bearing/bypass interaction response for bolted joints, where the specimen may produce either a bearing failure mode or a bypass failure mode. Should the test specimen fail in a bearing failure mode rather than the desired bypass mode, then the test should be considered to be a bearing dominated bearing/bypass test, and the data reduction and reporting procedures of Test Method D 5961/D 5961M should be used instead of those given in this standard.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D7248/D7248M–07
Standard Test Method for
Bearing/Bypass Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix
1
Composite Laminates Using 2-Fastener Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7248/D 7248M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method determines the uniaxial bearing/bypass
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
interaction response of multi-directional polymer matrix com-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
posite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by either
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
double-shear tensile loading (Procedures A and C) or single-
shear tensile or compressive loading (Procedure B) of a
2. Referenced Documents
two-fastener specimen.The scope of this test method is limited
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to net section (bypass) failure modes. Standard specimen
D 792 TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
configurations using fixed values of test parameters are de-
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
scribed for each procedure. A number of test parameters may
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
be varied within the scope of the standard, provided that the
D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
parameters are fully documented in the test report. The
Resins
composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or
D 2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plas-
discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced com-
tics
posites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with
D 3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test
Materials
laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.
D 3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
1.2 Thistestmethodisconsistentwiththerecommendations
D 5229/D 5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption
of MIL-HDBK-17, which describes the desirable attributes of
Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Ma-
a bearing/bypass interaction response test method.
trix Composite Materials
1.3 The two-fastener test configurations described in this
D 5687/D 5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
test method are similar to those in Test Method D 5961/
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
D 5961M as well as those used by industry to investigate the
tion
bearing portion of the bearing/bypass interaction response for
D 5766/D 5766M Test Method for Open Hole Tensile
boltedjoints,wherethespecimenmayproduceeitherabearing
Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
failure mode or a bypass failure mode. Should the test
D 5961/D 5961M Test Method for Bearing Response of
specimen fail in a bearing failure mode rather than the desired
Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
bypassmode,thenthetestshouldbeconsideredtobeabearing
D 6484/D 6484M Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive
dominated bearing/bypass test, and the data reduction and
Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
reporting procedures of Test Method D 5961/D 5961M should
D 6742/D 6742M Practice for Filled-Hole Tension and
be used instead of those given in this standard.
Compression Testing of Polymer Matrix Composite Lami-
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
nates
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
ing
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
someter Systems
standard.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Structural Test Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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