ASTM D25-12
(Specification)Standard Specification for Round Timber Piles
Standard Specification for Round Timber Piles
ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standards for unused round timber piles to be used either treated or untreated. This specification, however, does not cover preused piles unless the piles have the quality and design stresses equal to or greater than those prescribed herein. The piles shall be made of sound wood, free of decay, insect attacks, marine borer attack, and Limnoria damage. The piles shall also be cut above the ground swell and have a tapered tip.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the physical characteristics of unused round timber piles to be used either treated or untreated.
1.2 This specification is not intended for preused piles unless the piles have the quality specified by this specification and design stresses equal to or greater than those derived from Method D2899.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D25 −12
Standard Specification for
1
Round Timber Piles
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD25;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.2 Method D2899 provides a basis for specifying the pile
size. This standard gives a procedure for estimating the design
1.1 This specification covers the physical characteristics of
stress at any location along the pile length. As design stress
unused round timber piles to be used either treated or un-
must always exceed that imposed under service conditions, the
treated.
quotient of the structural loads divided by the design stress
1.2 This specification is not intended for preused piles
gives an estimate of the minimum section property required at
unless the piles have the quality specified by this specification
any location.
and design stresses equal to or greater than those derived from
4.3 Under this specification, pile size requirements esti-
Method D2899.
mated at a critical location are extrapolated to either the tip or
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
buttendassumingalineartaper.Forthisspecification,pilesare
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
classified by nominal circumference and length.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
5. Quality Requirement (All Piles)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Piles shall be of sound wood, free of decay, insect
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
attack, marine borer attack, and Limnoria damage, except as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
herein allowed in 13.2 and 14.1.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 Piles shall be cut above the ground swell and have a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
taper from butt to tip.
2. Referenced Documents
5.3 Piles shall have an average rate of growth measured in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the outer 50 % of the radius at the pile tip of not less than 6
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
rings per inch and shall have an average summerwood content
ucts
of not less than 33.3 % in the outer 50 % of the tip radius.
D2555 PracticeforEstablishingClearWoodStrengthValues
Exception: Piles with less than 6 rings per inch are acceptable
D2899 Practice for Establishing Allowable Stresses for
if the average is 50 % or more summerwood present in the
Round Timber Piles
outer 50 % of the pile tip radius.
3. Species of Wood 5.4 Piles that cannot be adequately inspected for the physi-
cal requirements specified in this specification due to adhering
3.1 Piles shall be of any species of wood for which clear
barnacles or other material shall not be permitted.
wood strength values are given in Test Methods D2555.
4. Classification
6. Lengths
4.1 Timber piles are commonly used to transfer structural
6.1 All piles shall be furnished in lengths specified, except
loads to sub surface soil bearing strata by way of friction or tip that tolerances shall be allowed as follows:
end bearing forces, or both.
6.1.1 Piles 40 ft (12.2 m) and shorter—plus 1 ft (0.3 m),
minus 6 in. (152 mm).
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 on Wood
6.1.2 Piles41ft(12.5m)orlonger—plus2ft(0.6m),minus
and is under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D07.04 on Pole and Pile Products.
6 in. (152 mm).
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D25 – 99 (2005). DOI:
7. Sizes
10.1520/D0025-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.1 Pile sizes are specified according to nominal circumfer-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ence 3 ft from the butt or at the tip. Tables are provided in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Appendix X1.1 to facilitate the selection of pile dimensions.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D25−12
7.2 The out-of-round ratio (maximum to minimum diam- for preservative treatment shall have no strip of inner bark
eter) at the butt or the tip shall not exceed 1.2. larger than 1 by 6 in. (25 by 152 mm).
10.1.2 Rough-peeled piles require the complete removal of
7.3 All circumference measurements shal
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D25–99 (Reapproved 2005) Designation: D25 – 12
Standard Specification for
1
Round Timber Piles
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD25;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the physical characteristics of unused round timber piles to be used either treated or untreated.
1.2 Thisspecificationisnotintendedforpreusedpilesunlessthepileshavethequalityspecifiedbythisspecificationanddesign
stresses equal to or greater than those derived from Method D2899.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
D2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values
D2899 Practice for Establishing Allowable Stresses for Round Timber Piles
3. Species of Wood
3.1 Piles shall be of any species of wood for which clear wood strength values are given in Test Methods D2555.
4. Classification
4.1 Timber piles are commonly used to transfer structural loads to sub surface soil bearing strata by way of friction or tip end
bearing forces, or both.
4.2 Method D2899 provides a basis for specifying the pile size.This standard gives a procedure for estimating the design stress
at any location along the pile length. As design stress must always exceed that imposed under service conditions, the quotient of
the structural loads divided by the design stress gives an estimate of the minimum section property required at any location.
4.3 Under this specification, pile size requirements estimated at a critical location are extrapolated to either the tip or butt end
assuming a linear taper. For this specification, piles are classified by nominal circumference and length.
5. Quality Requirement (All Piles)
5.1 Piles shall be of sound wood, free of decay, insect attack, marine borer attack, and Limnoria damage, except as herein
allowed in 13.2 and 14.1.
5.2 Piles shall be cut above the ground swell and have a taper from butt to tip.
5.3 Piles shall have an average rate of growth measured in the outer 50 % of the radius at the pile tip of not less than 6 rings
per inch and shall have an average summerwood content of not less than 33.3 % in the outer 50 % of the tip radius. Exception:
Piles with less than 6 rings per inch are acceptable if the average is 50 % or more summerwood present in the outer 50 % of the
pile tip radius.
5.4 Piles that cannot be adequately inspected for the physical requirements specified in this specification due to adhering
barnacles or other material shall not be permitted.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D07.04 on Pole and Pile Products.
´1
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D25–99 . DOI:
10.1520/D0025-99R05.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally approved in 1915. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D25 – 99 (2005). DOI:
10.1520/D0025-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D25–12
6. Lengths
6.1 All piles shall be furnished in lengths specified, except that tolerances shall be allowed as follows:
6.1.1 Piles 40 ft (12.2 m) and shorter—plus 1 ft (0.3 m), minus 6 in. (152 mm).
6.1.2 Piles 41 ft (12.5 m) or longer—plus 2 ft (0.6 m), minus 6 in. (152 mm).
7. Sizes
7.1 Pile
...
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