ASTM C604-18

Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true density of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus, the true specific gravity of a material is a primary property which is related to chemical and mineralogical composition.  
4.2 This test method is particularly useful for hydratable materials that are not suitable for test with Test Method C135.  
4.3 For refractory raw materials and products, the true specific gravity is a useful value for: classification, detecting differences in chemical composition between supposedly like samples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes, calculating total porosity when the bulk density is known, and for any other test method that requires this value for the calculation of results.  
4.4 This test method is a primary standard method which is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing contracts or agreements.  
4.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are the following:  
4.5.1 The sample is representative of the material in general,  
4.5.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle size specified,  
4.5.3 No contamination has been introduced during processing of the sample,  
4.5.4 The ignition of the sample has eliminated all free or combined water without inducing sintering or alteration,  
4.5.5 An inert gas (helium) has been used in the test, and  
4.5.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulous manner.  
4.5.7 Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the usefulness of the results.  
4.6 In interpreting the results of this test method, it must be recognized that the specified sample particle size is significantly finer than specified for Test Method C135. Even this finer particle size for the sample does not preclude the presence of some closed pores, and the amount of residual close...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the true specific gravity of solid materials, and is particularly useful for materials that easily hydrate which are not suitable for test with Test Method C135. This test method may be used as an alternate for Test Methods C135, C128, and C188 for determining true specific gravity.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—In 7.3, the equivalent SI unit is expressed in parentheses.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2018
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.03 - Physical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C604 − 18
Standard Test Method for
True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-
1
Comparison Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C604; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the true
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
specific gravity of solid materials, and is particularly useful for
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
materials that easily hydrate which are not suitable for test with
Test Method C135. This test method may be used as an
3. Summary of Test Method
alternate for Test Methods C135, C128, and C188 for deter-
3.1 The sample is powdered to ensure permeation of gas
mining true specific gravity.
into all pores. For practical purposes, this is assumed to be true
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
when the sample passes a No. 325 (45-µm) U.S. sieve as
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
specified in Specification E11. The volume of a carefully
standard.
weighed powdered sample, which has first been heated to drive
1.2.1 Exception—In 7.3, the equivalent SI unit is expressed
off moisture and undesired combined water, is measured by the
in parentheses.
gas-comparison pycnometer. Density is calculated from the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sample weight in grams divided by its volume in cubic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
centimetres. This is also the specific gravity of the sample at
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
room temperature compared to water at 4 °C.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2 The principle of the gas-comparison pycnometer is as
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
follows: There are two chambers and two pistons as sketched
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
in Fig. 1. For purposes of illustration, the chambers are
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
assumed to be equal in volume, and there is no sample in either
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
cylinder. Under these conditions, with the coupling valve
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
closed, any change in the position of one piston must be
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
duplicated by an identical stroke in the other in order to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
maintain the same pressure on each side of the differential
pressure indicator.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.3 If a sample, V , is inserted into chamber B, the coupling
x
valve closed and both pistons advanced the same amount from
C128 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)
and Absorption of Fine Aggregate position 1 to position 2, the pressures will not remain the same.
However, the pressures can be maintained equal if piston B
C135 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory
Materials by Water Immersion instead is moved only to position 3. Then the remaining
displacement d , from position 3 to position 2, is equal to the
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
x
volume of the sample, V . If piston A always is advanced
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
x
Sieves exactly the same distance each time a measurement is made,
the distance that piston B differs from position 2, when the
1
pressures in both cylinders are equal, will always be propor-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
tional to the volume, V . The distance (d ) between positions 2
x x
Properties.
and 3 can be calibrated and made to read directly in terms of
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
cubic centimetres, employing a digital counter.
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C604 – 02 (2012).
DOI: 10.1520/C0604-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true
Copyright © ASTM Internation
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C604 − 02 (Reapproved 2012) C604 − 18
Standard Test Method for
True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-
1
Comparison Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C604; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the true specific gravity of solid materials, and is particularly useful for
materials that easily hydrate which are not suitable for test with Test Method C135. This test method may be used as an alternate
for Test MethodMethods C135, Test Method C128, and Test Method C188 for determining true specific gravity.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.2.1 Exception—In 7.3, the equivalent SI unit is expressed in parenthesis.parentheses.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C128 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
C135 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water Immersion
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The sample is powdered to ensure permeation of gas into all pores. For practical purposes, this is assumed to be true when
the sample passes a No. 325 (45-μm) sieve. U.S. sieve as specified in Specification E11. The volume of a carefully weighed
powdered sample, which has first been heated to drive off moisture and undesired combined water, is measured by the
gas-comparison pycnometer. Density is calculated from the sample weight in grams divided by its volume in cubic centimetres.
This is also the specific gravity of the sample at room temperature compared to water at 4°C.4 °C.
3.2 The principle of the gas-comparison pycnometer is as follows: There are two chambers and two pistons as sketched in Fig.
1. For purposes of illustration, the chambers are assumed to be equal in volume, and there is no sample in either cylinder. Under
these conditions, with the coupling valve closed, any change in the position of one piston must be duplicated by an identical stroke
in the other in order to maintain the same pressure on each side of the differential pressure indicator.
3.3 If a sample, V , is inserted into chamber B, the coupling valve closed and both pistons advanced the same amount from
x
position 1 to position 2, the pressures will not remain the same. However, the pressures can be maintained equal if piston B instead
is moved only to position 3. Then the remaining displacement d , from position 3 to position 2, is equal to the volume of the
x
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2018. Published November 2012October 2018. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20072012
as C604 – 02 (2012).(2007). DOI: 10.1520/C0604-02R12.10.1520/C0604-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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