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ASTM D737-04

(Test Method)

Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics

Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the air permeability of textile fabrics.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2004
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.59 - Fabric Physical Test Methods A
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D737-96 - Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D737-04(2008)e1 - Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2008
Referred By
ASTM E2352-19 - Standard Practice for Aerospace Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments—Cleanroom Operations
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4969-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Polytetrafluoroethylene–(PTFE) Coated Glass Fabric
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2952-22 - Standard Guide for Determining the Mean Darcy Permeability Coefficient for a Porous Tissue Scaffold
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5744-18 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Humidity Cell
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6674-01(2017) - Standard Guide for Proficiency Test Program for Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6476-12(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determining Dynamic Air Permeability of Inflatable Restraint Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5101-12(2017) - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3574-17 - Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials—Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM E1549/E1549M-13(2022) - Standard Specification for ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous and Hazardous Operations
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2970-22 - Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Inspection and Major Modification of Trampoline Courts
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6830-02(2022) - Standard Test Method for Characterizing the Pressure Drop and Filtration Performance of Cleanable Filter Media
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004

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ASTM D737-04 - Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile FabricsASTM D737-04 - Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
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ASTM D737-04 - Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D737–04
Standard Test Method for
1
Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 737; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
through ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Consho-
1. Scope
hocken, PA 19428.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the air
permeability of textile fabrics.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including
3.1 For definition of textile terms used in this test method:
woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets,
air permeability, and fabric, refer to Terminology D 4850.
nappedfabrics,knittedfabrics,layeredfabrics,andpilefabrics.
3.2 For definitions of cross-machine direction; machine
The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-
direction and other textile terms used in this test method, refer
treated, or otherwise treated.
to Terminology D 123.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be
4. Summary of Test Method
approximate.
4.1 The rate of air flow passing perpendicularly through a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
known area of fabric is adjusted to obtain a prescribed air
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pressure differential between the two fabric surfaces. From this
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rate of air flow, the air permeability of the fabric is determined.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
2. Referenced Documents
tance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
D 2904 Practice for InterlaboratoryTesting of aTextileTest
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
Method That Produces Normally Distributed Data
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
D 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
Textiles
assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used
D 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabric
are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material
F 778 Methods for Gas Flow Resistance Testing of Filtra-
from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are
tion Media
randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be
3
TEX-PAC
compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is
NOTE 1—TEX-PAC is a group of programs on floppy disks available
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
of the known bias.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
5.2 Air permeability is an important factor in the perfor-
General.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published January 2005. Originally
mance of such textile materials as gas filters, fabrics for air
approved in 1943 . Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 737 – 96.
bags, clothing, mosquito netting, parachutes, sails, tentage, and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
vacuum cleaners. In filtration, for example, efficiency is
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on directlyrelatedtoairpermeability.Airpermeabilityalsocanbe
the ASTM website.
used to provide an indication of the breathability of weather-
3
A PC program on floppy disk for Analyzing Committee D-13 interlaboratory
resistant and rainproof fabrics, or of coated fabrics in general,
1
data are available from ASTM Headquarters. For a 3 ⁄2-in. disk, request PCN:12-
1
and to detect changes during the manufacturing process.
429040-18. For a 5 ⁄4-in. disk, request PCN:12-429041-18.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 B
...

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1.1.2 Option B—Heart Loop Test, employing the principle of a loop formed in a fabric strip and hung vertically.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
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5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
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ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
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Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off