ASTM D2235-22

Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers solvent cement for joining acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe and fittings for pressure and nonpressure systems.  
1.2 Recommendation for using solvent cement for joining acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pipe and fittings is given in Appendix X1. Satisfactory joining of pipe and fittings cannot be made in the presence of water, as water destroys the bonding ability of solvent cement; therefore, all materials must be dry for satisfactory joining.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2022
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• Technical Committee: F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
• Drafting Committee: F17.20 - Joining

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D883-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM D883-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM F412-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020
• Refers: ASTM D883-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM D883-19c - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM D740-11(2019) - Standard Specification for Methyl Ethyl Ketone^,
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM F412-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-18a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D883-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Refers: ASTM D1600-18 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics (Withdrawn 2024)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM D883-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM F412-17a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM F412-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2017

Overview

ASTM D2235-22 is the standard specification for solvent cement used in joining acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pipe and fittings. This standard, developed by ASTM International, outlines the requirements for solvent cements that are suitable for use in both pressure and nonpressure ABS systems, ensuring reliable, leak-free, and durable joints in piping applications. The specification is essential for manufacturers, contractors, and inspectors to ensure best practices in plastic pipe assembly and maintain quality and performance in plumbing and piping infrastructures.

Key Topics

• Scope and Purpose: ASTM D2235-22 covers solvent cement specifically designed for joining ABS plastic pipes and fittings in various pressure and nonpressure systems, including potable water distribution, drainage, waste, and vent applications.
• Material Requirements: The specification details acceptable compositions for solvent cement, including the use of ABS resin dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acetone, or cyclohexanone blends, ensuring effective bonding for ABS pipes.
• Performance Testing: The standard outlines tests for viscosity, resin content, dissolution capability, and lap shear strength, which serve to verify cement quality and consistency.
• Jointing Recommendations: The appendix offers procedures for inspection, preparation, application, curing, and assembly to achieve reliable pipe joints. A critical requirement is that all materials remain dry during cementing, as moisture can compromise bond integrity.
• Packaging and Labeling: ASTM D2235-22 specifies labeling requirements in compliance with federal regulations, including hazard communication, safe handling, and appropriate identification for product use.

Applications

Solvent cement conforming to ASTM D2235-22 is widely used for:

• ABS Pipe Systems: Securely joining pipes and fittings in residential, commercial, and industrial systems for potable water, drainage, waste, and vent installations.
• Plumbing and Construction: Ensuring consistent and durable joints in plumbing systems where ABS is chosen for its resistance to chemicals, impact, and low-weight characteristics.
• Municipal and Utility Infrastructure: Applications include sewer piping, conduit, and composite piping systems that require robust, fail-safe connections.
• Maintenance & Repair: Professionals and maintenance personnel rely on ASTM D2235-22 cements for repairs or modifications of existing ABS piping installations.

Proper use of solvent cement compliant with this standard ensures the mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and longevity of ABS pipe systems. Following recommended procedures for joint preparation and assembly, as detailed in the appendix, is critical for achieving optimal results.

Related Standards

Several related ASTM specifications and standards are referenced within ASTM D2235-22, supporting an integrated approach to ABS piping systems:

• ASTM D3965: Classification of rigid ABS materials used for pipes and fittings.
• ASTM D2661: Requirements for ABS Schedule 40 plastic drain, waste, and vent pipe and fittings.
• ASTM F402: Guidelines for safe handling of solvent cements, primers, and cleaners.
• NSF/ANSI 14 & NSF/ANSI 61: Standards for plastic piping components and potable water system health effects.
• ASTM F493: Specification for solvent cements used with chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe and fittings.

Ensuring compliance with ASTM D2235-22 and related standards enhances the integrity and safety of ABS plastic piping systems across a range of critical applications. Use this standard to guide material selection, product inspection, and quality assurance for solvent cement use in modern piping assemblies.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2235 −22 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Plastic Pipe and Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2235; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers solvent cement for joining
D329 Specification for Acetone
acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe and fittings
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
for pressure and nonpressure systems.
D740 Specification for Methyl Ethyl Ketone
1.2 Recommendation for using solvent cement for joining
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pipe and fittings
D1084 Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
is given in Appendix X1. Satisfactory joining of pipe and
D1527 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
fittings cannot be made in the presence of water, as water
(ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 (Withdrawn
destroys the bonding ability of solvent cement; therefore, all
2013)
materials must be dry for satisfactory joining.
D2282 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
(ABS) Plastic Pipe (Withdrawn 2006)
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes,
D2465 Specification for Threaded Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These
Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 (With-
notesandfootnotes(excludingthoseintablesandfigures)shall
drawn 1985)
not be considered as requirements of the specification.
D2468 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
(ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40 (Withdrawn
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
2003)
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D2469 Specification for Socket-Type Acrylonitrile-
and are not considered standard.
Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule
80 (Withdrawn 1985)
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
D2661 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This
(ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe
standarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,
and Fittings
ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuser
D2680 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
(ABS) and Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Composite Sewer
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
Piping
regulatory limitations prior to use.
D2750 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
(ABS) Plastics Utilities Conduit and Fittings (Withdrawn
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1997)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D2751 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(ABS) Sewer Pipe and Fittings (Withdrawn 2014)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tics
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved the ASTM website.
in 1963. Last previous edition approved 2021 as D2235 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/D2235- The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
22. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2235 − 22
D3965 ClassificationSystemandBasisforSpecificationsfor 5. Materials
Rigid Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Materials
5.1 Material Specification—Virgin ABS material shall con-
for Pipe and Fittings
form to the requirements prescribed in Specification D3965
F402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,
withaminimumcellclassificationof1-1-2-2-2orequivalentto
Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic
the cell classification for the material being joined.
Pipe and Fittings
5.2 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic—
F409 Specification for Thermoplastic Accessible and Re-
Plastic containing polymers in which the minimum butadiene
placeable Plastic Tube and Tubular Fittings
content is 6 %, the minimum acrylonitrile content is 15 %, the
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
minimum styrene or substituted styrene content, or both, is
F493 Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated
15 %, and the maximum content of all other monomers is not
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
more than 5 %.
F628 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
(ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe
5.3 Rework Material—Only clean regrind material con-
With a Cellular Core forming to the requirements of this specification may be used.
2.2 Federal Standard:
5.4 Methyl Ethyl-Ketone—Commercial or industrial grade
Fed. Std. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
of MEK shall be used which complies with Specification
2.3 Military Standard:
D740.
MIL STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
5.5 Acetone—Commercial or industrial grade of acetone
2.4 National Sanitation Foundation Standards:
shall be used which complies with Specification D329.
Standard No. 14 Plastic Piping Components and Related
Materials
6. Requirements
Standard No. 61 for DrinkingWater Systems Components—
5 6.1 Resin Content—The ABS resin content shall be 15 %
Health Effects
minimum when tested in accordance with 7.3.
3. Terminology
6.2 Dissolution—The cement shall be capable of dissolving
10 % by weight of the plastic compound used in the pipe or
3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminologies D883
fitting, and still be free flowing and not contain lumps or
and F412. Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology
undissolved resin particles.
D1600 unless otherwise indicated. The abbreviation for
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene plastic is ABS.
6.3 The cement shall be free flowing and shall not contain
lumps,undissolvedparticles,orforeignmatter.Itshallshowno
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
gelation or separation that cannot be removed by stirring.
3.2.1 solventcement—adhesivemadebydissolvingaplastic
resin or compound in a suitable solvent or mixture of solvents.
6.4 Viscosity—The minimum viscosity shall be 100 cP (100
The solvent cement dissolves the surfaces of the pipe and
mPa·s) when tested in accordance with 7.2.2.
fittings to form a bond between the mating surfaces provided
6.5 Lap Shear Strength—The minimum average lap shear
the proper cement is used for the particular materials and
strength shall be 800 psi (5.5 MPa) when tested in accordance
proper techniques are followed.
with 7.4.
4. Classification
NOTE 2—The specified shear strength value is used to evaluate the
cement and should not be used for designing pipe joints.
4.1 Solvent Cement shall be acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
plastic resin dissolved in either of the following solvents:
7. Test Methods
(1) methyl ethyl ketone,
7.1 The properties enumerated in this specification shall be
(2) a blend of methyl ethyl ketone and acetone, with
determined in accordance with the following methods:
acetone constituting no more than 25 % of the solvent blend by
7.1.1 Conditioning—Conditionthetestspecimensat73.4 °F
weight,
6 3.6 °F (23 °C 6 2 °C) for not less than 40 h prior to test in
(3) ablendofmethylethylketoneandcyclohexanone,with
accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618, for those tests
cyclohexanone constituting no more than 25 % of the solvent
where conditioning is required.
weight by blend,
7.1.2 Test Conditions—Conduct tests at 73.4 °F 6 3.6 °F
(4) a blend of methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and
(23 °C 6 2 °C), unless otherwise specified in the test methods
cyclohexanone, with cyclohexanone and acetone respectively
or in this specification.
constituting no more than 25 % of the solvent weight by blend.
7.2 Viscosity:
NOTE 1—It is recommended that solvent cements made to this speci-
7.2.1 The samples for test shall be representative of the
ficationnot be orange since that color is recommended for use with CPVC
solvent cement under Specification F493. material under consideration. One sample for every batch shall
be tested in accordance with 7.2.2.
7.2.2 MeasuretheviscosityinaccordancewithMethodBof
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
Test Methods D1084, except that conditioning to temperature
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
equilibrium only is required. For qualification purposes, use a
Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd.,Ann
Arbor, MI 48113-0140, http://www.nsf.org. Model RVF viscometer, a speed of 10 r/min, and the spindle
D2235 − 22
that, by trial, gives the closest reading to center range of scale
for the cement being tested. Other speeds are used for
qualification purposes.
7.3 Total Solids:
7.3.1 Apparatus:
7.3.1.1 Ointment Tins—Style No. 12, 1 oz (30 mL) all
metal.
7.3.1.2 Vacuum Oven.
7.3.1.3 Desiccator
7.3.1.4 Analytical Balance.
7.3.2 Procedure—Stir the sample thoroughly with a spatula
before weighing. Weigh 3.0 g 6 0.5 g of the sample into a
FIG. 1 Compression Shear Specimen
tared ointment tin. Place tin into the vacuum oven and heat at
248 °F (120 °C) for 45 min. Vacuum must be continually in
7.4.4 Using a 1 in. (25 mm) natural bristle brush, apply two
operation to draw off flammable solvents and should be
layers of cement in immediate succession to the complete
maintained at 0.6 in. Hg (15 mm Hg) minimum. Remove the
surface of a 1 in. by 1 in. (25 mm by 25 mm) sheet section and
tin from the oven and cap immediately. Place in a desiccator
to the center of a 1 in. by 2 in. (25 mm by 50 mm) sheet
until cooled to room temperature. Weigh the tin and dried
section.
sample to the nearest 0.015 grains (1 mg).
7.4.5 Assemble these sections immediately and rotate the
NOTE 3—This material is usually nonhomogeneous and shall be
1 in. by 1 in. (25 mm by 25 mm) section 180° on the 1 in. by
thoroughly stirred before weighing. The weighing shall also be accom-
2 in. (25 mm by 50 mm) section within 5 s using light hand
plished quickly to avoid loss of solvent by volatization.
pressure (approximately ⁄2 lbf (2 N)).
7.3.3 The use of a vacuum oven is mandatory for drying the
7.4.6 Place the assembled test specimen on a clean, level
specimen because it has no exposed heating surface nor an
surface, by using the 1 in. by 2 in. (25 mm by 50 mm) section
openflame,thusavoidingthedangerofflashing.Theovenalso
as a base. After 30 s, place a 4.4 lb (2 kg) weight on the test
provides an open vacuum to exhaust solvent fumes.
specimen for a period of 3 min, then remove.
7.3.4 The specimen shall be left in the oven for 45 min and
7.4.7 Store the assembled test specimens at 73.4 °F 6
no longer. Specimens left in for 1 h or more show a definite
3.6 °F (23 °C 6 2 °C) for 48 h to 50 h and test them in a
increase in weight.
holding fixture similar to that shown in Fig. 2.
7.3.5 Calculation—Calculate the percentage total solids,
7.4.8 Place the specimen in the holding fixture and adjust
TS, as follows:
the screws to bring the sample to a vertical position with the
TS,%= ((B − A)/(C − A)) × 100
face of the 2 in. (50 mm) specimen in contact with the test jig
as shown in Fig. 2 (Note 5). Back off the screw in contact with
where:
the 2 in. specimen slightly, and insert a 0.001 in. (0.02 mm)
A = weight of ointment tin,
shimbetweenthescrewplateandthespecimen.Thenbringthe
B = weight of tin and specimen after drying, and
bearingplateofthetestmachineintocontactwiththetopofthe
C = weight of tin and specimen before drying.
2 in. specimen, using care to ensure that the plate is on a
7.3.6 Precision—Duplicate samples shall be tested for best
horizontal plane.
results. Duplicate results obtained by the same analyst, on the
7.4.9 Apply the compressive shear at a speed of 0.05 in.
same material, on the same day, in the same laboratory are
(1.25 mm)/min. Express the results in megapascals (or pounds-
suspect if they differ by more than 0.52 % absolute. This
force per square inch).
procedure has a standard deviation of 0.13.
NOTE 5—Alternative jigs may be used if they can be shown to be
7.4 Lap Shear Strength (Qualification Tests):
equivalent.
7.4.1 Number of Specimens—A minimum of
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2235 − 21 D2235 − 22 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Plastic Pipe and Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2235; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers solvent cement for joining acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe and fittings for pressure
and nonpressure systems.
1.2 Recommendation for using solvent cement for joining acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic pipe and fittings is given
in Appendix X1. Satisfactory joining of pipe and fittings cannot be made in the presence of water, as water destroys the bonding
ability of solvent cement; therefore, all materials must be dry for satisfactory joining.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D329 Specification for Acetone
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D740 Specification for Methyl Ethyl Ketone
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1084 Test Methods for Viscosity of Adhesives
D1527 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80 (Withdrawn 2013)
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021July 1, 2022. Published November 2021July 2022. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved 20162021 as
D2235 – 04D2235 – 21.(2016). DOI: 10.1520/D2235-21.10.1520/D2235-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2235 − 22
D2282 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe (Withdrawn 2006)
D2465 Specification for Threaded Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 (Withdrawn 1985)
D2468 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 40 (Withdrawn 2003)
D2469 Specification for Socket-Type Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 (Withdrawn
1985)
D2661 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings
D2680 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Composite Sewer Piping
D2750 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastics Utilities Conduit and Fittings (Withdrawn 1997)
D2751 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sewer Pipe and Fittings (Withdrawn 2014)
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D3965 Classification System and Basis for Specifications for Rigid Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Materials for Pipe
and Fittings
F402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements, Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
F409 Specification for Thermoplastic Accessible and Replaceable Plastic Tube and Tubular Fittings
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
F493 Specification for Solvent Cements for Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
F628 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe With a Cellular
Core
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
2.3 Military Standard:
MIL STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
2.4 National Sanitation Foundation Standards:
Standard No. 14 Plastic Piping Components and Related Materials
Standard No. 61 for Drinking Water Systems Components—Health Effects
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminologies D883 and F412. Abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D1600
unless otherwise indicated. The abbreviation for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene plastic is ABS.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 solvent cement—adhesive made by dissolving a plastic resin or compound in a suitable solvent or mixture of solvents. The
solvent cement dissolves the surfaces of the pipe and fittings to form a bond between the mating surfaces provided the proper
cement is used for the particular materials and proper techniques are followed.
4. Classification
4.1 Solvent Cement shall be acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic resin dissolved in either of the following solvents:
(1) methyl ethyl ketone,
(2) a blend of methyl ethyl ketone and acetone, with acetone constituting no more than 25 % of the solvent blend by
weight.weight,
(3) a blend of methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, with cyclohexanone constituting no more than 25 % of the solvent
weight by blend,
(4) a blend of methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and cyclohexanone, with cyclohexanone and acetone respectively constituting no
more than 25 % of the solvent weight by blend.
NOTE 1—It is recommended that solvent cements made to this specification not be orange since that color is recommended for use with CPVC solvent
cement under Specification F493.
5. Materials
5.1 Material Specification—Virgin ABS material shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Specification D3965 with a
minimum cell classification of 1-1-2-2-2 or equivalent to the cell classification for the material being joined.
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48113-0140, http://www.nsf.org.
D2235 − 22
5.2 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic—
Plastic containing polymers in which the minimum butadiene content is 6 %, the minimum acrylonitrile content is 15 %, the
minimum styrene or substituted styrene content, or both, is 15 %, and the maximum content of all other monomers is not more
than 5 %.
5.3 Rework Material—Only clean regrind material conforming to the requirements of this specification may be used.
5.4 Methyl Ethyl-Ketone—Commercial or industrial grade of MEK shall be used which complies with Specification D740.
5.5 Acetone—Commercial or industrial grade of acetone shall be used which complies with Specification D329.
6. Requirements
6.1 Resin Content—The ABS resin content shall be 15 % minimum when tested in accordance with 7.3.
6.2 Dissolution—The cement shall be capable of dissolving 10 % by weight of the plastic compound used in the pipe or fitting,
and still be free flowing and not contain lumps or undissolved resin particles.
6.3 The cement shall be free flowing and shall not contain lumps, undissolved particles, or foreign matter. It shall show no gelation
or separation that cannot be removed by stirring.
6.4 Viscosity—The minimum viscosity shall be 100 cP (100 mPa·s) when tested in accordance with 7.2.2.
6.5 Lap Shear Strength—The minimum average lap shear strength shall be 800 psi (5.5 MPa) when tested in accordance with 7.4.
NOTE 2—The specified shear strength value is used to evaluate the cement and should not be used for designing pipe joints.
7. Test Methods
7.1 The properties enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following methods:
7.1.1 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 73.4 °F 6 3.6 °F (23 °C 6 2 °C) for not less than 40 h prior to test in
accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618, for those tests where conditioning is required.
7.1.2 Test Conditions—Conduct tests at 73.4 °F 6 3.6 °F (23 °C 6 2 °C), unless otherwise specified in the test methods or in this
specification.
7.2 Viscosity:
7.2.1 The samples for test shall be representative of the material under consideration. One sample for every batch shall be tested
in accordance with 7.2.2.
7.2.2 Measure the viscosity in accordance with Method B of Test Methods D1084, except that conditioning to temperature
equilibrium only is required. For qualification purposes, use a Model RVF viscometer, a speed of 10 r/min, and the spindle that,
by trial, gives the closest reading to center range of scale for the cement being tested. Other speeds are used for qualification
purposes.
7.3 Total Solids:
7.3.1 Apparatus:
7.3.1.1 Ointment Tins—Style No. 12, 1 oz (30 mL) all metal.
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7.3.1.2 Vacuum Oven.
7.3.1.3 Desiccator
7.3.1.4 Analytical Balance.
7.3.2 Procedure—Stir the sample thoroughly with a spatula before weighing. Weigh 3.0 g 6 0.5 g of the sample into a tared
ointment tin. Place tin into the vacuum oven and heat at 248 °F (120 °C) for 45 min. Vacuum must be continually in operation to
draw off flammable solvents and should be maintained at 0.6 in. Hg (15 mm Hg) minimum. Remove the tin from the oven and
cap immediately. Place in a desiccator until cooled to room temperature. Weigh the tin and dried sample to the nearest 0.015 grains
(1 mg).
NOTE 3—This material is usually nonhomogeneous and shall be thoroughly stirred before weighing. The weighing shall also be accomplished quickly
to avoid loss of solvent by volatization.
7.3.3 The use of a vacuum oven is mandatory for drying the specimen because it has no exposed heating surface nor an open flame,
thus avoiding the danger of flashing. The oven also provides an open vacuum to exhaust solvent fumes.
7.3.4 The specimen shall be left in the oven for 45 min and no longer. Specimens left in for 1 h or more show a definite increase
in weight.
7.3.5 Calculation—Calculate the percentage total solids,
TS, as follows:
TS, % = ((B − A)/(C − A)) × 100
where:
A = weight of ointment tin,
B = weight of tin and specimen after drying, and
C = weight of tin and specimen before drying.
7.3.6 Precision—Duplicate samples shall be tested for best results. Duplicate results obtained by the same analyst, on the same
material, on the same day, in the same laboratory are suspect if they differ by more than 0.52 % absolute. This procedure has a
standard deviation of 0.13.
7.4 Lap Shear Strength (Qualification Tests):Lap Shear Strength (Qualification Tests):
7.4.1 Number of Specimens—A minimum of seven specimens shall be tested for the requirement specified in 6.5.
7.4.2 Cut sections 1 in. by 1 in. (25 mm by 25 mm) and 1 in. by 2 in. (25 mm by 50 mm) from 0.25 in. (6 mm) thick ABS sheets.
One section of each size is required for each specimen (Fig. 1).
FIG. 1 Compression Shear Specimen
Labline Duo-Vac vacuum oven, or equivalent, has been found satisfactory for this purpose.
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7.4.3 Clean the surfaces to be adhered with a cloth dampened with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK).
NOTE 4—The cleaning of the surface with an abusive amount of MEK may affect the performance of the test. Tests should be conducted to determine
if this is significant.
7.4.4 Using a 1 in. (25 mm) natural bristle brush, apply two layers of cement in immediate succession to the complete surface of
a 1 in. by 1 in. (25 mm by 25 mm) sheet section and to the center of a 1 in. by 2 in. (25 mm by 50 mm) sheet section.
7.4.5 Assemble these sections immediately and rotate the 1 in. by 1 in. (25 mm by 25 mm) section 180° on the 1 in. by 2 in.
(25 mm by 50 mm) section within 5 s using light hand pressure (approximately ⁄2 lbf (2 N)).
7.4.6 Place the assembled test specimen on a clean, level surface, by using the 1 in. by 2 in. (25 mm by 50 mm) section as a base.
After 30 s, place a 4.4 lb (2 kg) weight on the test specimen for a period of 3 min, then remove.
7.4.7 Store the assembled test specimens at 73.4 °F 6 3.6 °F (23 °C 6 2 °C) for 48 h to 50 h and test them in a holdin
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