ASTM E2375-04

Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Wrought Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended primarily for the examination of wrought metals, forged, rolled, machined parts or components to an ultrasonic class most typically specified in the purchase order or other contract document.
SCOPE
1.1 PurposeThis practice establishes the minimum requirements for ultrasonic examination of wrought products.Note 1
This standard was adopted to replace MIL-STD-2154, 30 Sept. 1982. This standard is intended to be used for the same applications as the document which it replaced. Users should carefully review its requirements when considering its use for new, or different applications, or both.
1.2 ApplicationThis practice is applicable for examination of materials such as, wrought metals and wrought metal products.
1.2.1 Wrought Aluminum Alloy Products Examination shall be in accordance with Practice B 594.
1.3 Acceptance ClassWhen examination is performed in accordance with this practice, engineering drawings, specifications, or other applicable documents shall indicate the acceptance criteria. Five ultrasonic acceptance classes are defined in . One or more of these classes may be used to establish the acceptance criteria or additional or alternate criteria may be specified.
1.4 Order of PrecedenceContractual requirements and authorized direction from the cognizant engineering organization may add to or modify the requirements of this practice. Otherwise, in the event of conflict between the text of this practice and the references cited herein, the text of this practice takes precedence. Nothing in this practice, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.
1.5 Measurement ValuesThe values stated in inch-pounds are to be regarded as standard. The metric equivalents are in brackets.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2004
• ICS: 77.040.20 - Non-destructive testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.06 - Ultrasonic Method

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E2375-08 - Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Wrought Products <a href="#fn00002"></a>
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2981-21 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Composite Overwraps in Filament Wound Pressure Vessels Used in Aerospace Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F3268-18a - Standard Guide for <emph type="bdit">in vitro</emph> Degradation Testing of Absorbable Metals
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E3370-23 - Standard Practice for Matrix Array Ultrasonic Testing of Composites, Sandwich Core Constructions, and Metals
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E127-20 - Standard Practice for Fabrication and Control of Flat Bottomed Hole Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E543-21 - Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E2982-21 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Thin-Walled Metallic Liners in Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels Used in Aerospace Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E3166-20e1 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Metal Additively Manufactured Aerospace Parts After Build
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 2375 – 04
Standard Practice for
,
1 2
Ultrasonic Examination of Wrought Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2375; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 Purpose—This practice establishes the minimum re- 2.1 The following documents form a part of this practice to
quirements for ultrasonic examination of wrought products. the extent specified herein:
2.2 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—This standard was adopted to replace MIL-STD-2154, 30
B107 Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Extruded Bars,
Sept. 1982.This standard is intended to be used for the same applications
Rods, Shapes, Tubes, and Wire
as the document which it replaced. Users should carefully review its
requirements when considering its use for new, or different applications, B221 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
or both.
Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes
B241 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy
1.2 Application—This practice is applicable for examina-
Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube
tion of materials such as, wrought metals and wrought metal
B594 Practice for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-
products.
Alloy Wrought Products for Aerospace Applications
1.2.1 Wrought Aluminum Alloy Products—Examination
E127 Practice for Fabricating and Checking Aluminum
shall be in accordance with Practice B594.
Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks
1.3 Acceptance Class—When examination is performed in
E164 PracticeforUltrasonicContactExaminationofWeld-
accordance with this practice, engineering drawings, specifi-
ments
cations, or other applicable documents shall indicate the
E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipes
acceptance criteria. Five ultrasonic acceptance classes are
and Tubing
defined in Table 1. One or more of these classes may be used
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics
to establish the acceptance criteria or additional or alternate
of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Examination Instruments and
criteria may be specified.
Systems Without the Use of Electronic Measurement
1.4 Order of Precedence—Contractual requirements and
Instruments
authorized direction from the cognizant engineering organiza-
E428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Steel Refer-
tion may add to or modify the requirements of this practice.
ence Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Examination
Otherwise, in the event of conflict between the text of this
E543 Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
practiceandthereferencescitedherein,thetextofthispractice
Testing
takes precedence. Nothing in this practice, however, super-
E1065 Guide for Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic
sedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemp-
Search Units
tion has been obtained.
E1158 Guide for Material Selection and Fabrication of
1.5 Measurement Values—The values stated in inch-pounds
Reference Blocks for the Pulsed LongitudinalWave Ultra-
are to be regarded as standard. The metric equivalents are in
sonic Examination of Metal and Metal Alloy Production
brackets.
Material
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Ultrasonic Testing Procedures. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
When accepted by DoD this standard is expected to replace MIL-STD-2154. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2375–04
TABLE 1 Ultrasonic Classes
C D
Single Discontinuity Multiple Linear Discontinuity Loss of Back
G,H
Class Noise
A,B E,F
Response Discontinuities Length and Response Reflection Percent
H 2 1 1
AAA ⁄64 in. [0.794 mm] ⁄64 in. [0.397 mm] ⁄8 in. [3.175 mm] 50 alarm level
FB FB long
⁄64 in. response [0.397 mm]
FB
H 3 2 I 1
AA ⁄64 in. [1.19 mm] ⁄64 in. [0.794 mm] ⁄2 in. [12. 7 mm] 50 alarm level
FB FB long
⁄64 in. response [0.794 mm]
FB
5 3
A ⁄64 in. [1.98 mm] ⁄64 in. [1.191 mm] 1 in. [25.4 mm] 50 alarm level
FB FB long
⁄64 in. response [1.19 mm]
FB
8 5
B ⁄64 in. [3.18 mm] ⁄64 [1.98 mm] 1 in. [25.4 mm] 50 alarm level
FB FB long
⁄64 in. response [1.98 mm]
FB
C ⁄64 in. [3.18 mm] Not Applicable Not Applicable 50 alarm level
A B
Any discontinuity with a response greater than the response from a flat-bottom hole or equivalent notch (see footnote ) at the estimated discontinuity depth and the
discontinuity size given is not acceptable.
B
See Fig. 3, Fig. 4,or Fig. 5 for dimensions of notches and holes when these are required for angle beam examination of tube walls and near-surface regions of
cylindrical parts and other products.
C
Multiplediscontinuitieswithindicationsgreaterthantheresponsefromareferenceflat-bottomholeorequivalentnotchattheestimateddiscontinuitydepthofthesize
given (diameter) are not acceptable if the centers of any two of these discontinuities are less than one inch apart (not applicable to Class C).
D
Any discontinuity longer than the length given with indications equal to or greater than the response given (flat-bottom hole or notch response) is not acceptable. Not
applicable to Class C).
E
Loss of back reflection by more than 50 %, when compared to non-defective material in the same or a similar part, is not acceptable.
F
For longitudinal examination of material over 6-in. [152.4-mm] thick in the short transverse direction, any loss of back reflection equal to or greater than 12 dB over
an area 2 by 2 in. [50.8 by 50.8 mm] is rejectable. (Noise level is not relevant to this back reflection evaluation.
G
Noise which exceeds the alarm level setting (see 7.4.10.7), is not acceptable, except for titanium. For titanium alloys, the alarm level may be set just above the noise
level, but shall not exceed 70 % of the reference standard response.
H G
When examining titanium, Class AA and Class AAA, no rejection shall be made on the basis of “noise” level, if within the limits specified in footnote .
I
Evaluation may be done by setting up on a ⁄64 in. [1.19 mm] hole and adding 7 dB of gain. (Also see Note 5 under Table 5.)
2.3 American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) QQ-A-225/9 Aluminum Alloy Bar, Rod, Wire, and Special
Standards: Shapes, Rolled, Drawn, or Cold Finished, 7075
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi- 2.7 Military Standards:
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
NOTE 2—For DoD contracts, unless otherwise specified, the issues of
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and
the documents which are DoD adopted are those listed in the issue of the
Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
DoDISS (Department of Defense Index of Specifications Standards) cited
2.4 Society for Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standards: in the solicitation.
AMS4928 TitaniumAlloy,Bars,Wire,Forgings,andRings
6Al-4V Annealed
3. Terminology
AMS 6409 Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing, 0.80 Cr, 1.8
Ni, 0.25 Mo, (0.38 - 0.45 C), (SAE 4340) SpecialAircraft
3.1 Definitions—Definitions relating to ultrasonic examina-
Steel Cleanliness, Normalized and Tempered
tion, which appear in Terminology E1316, shall apply to the
AMS 6415 Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing, 0.80 Cr, 1.8
terms used in this standard.
Ni, 0.25 Mo (0.38 - 0.43 C) (SAE 4340)
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
AMS 6484 Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing, 080 Cr, 1.8
3.2.1 back surface resolution—the minimum distance be-
Ni, 0.25 Mo (0.38 - 0.43 C) (SAE 4340) Normalized and
tween the back surface and a discontinuity of known size that
Tempered
will result in a clear differentiation of the two signals as
2.5 Aerospace Industries Association Standard:
indicated by the trace recovering to 20% or less of disconti-
NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
nuity or back surface amplitude (whichever is lower) between
Test Personnel
the indications at the sensitivity required for the specified
2.6 Federal Specifications:
examination.
QQ-A-225/6 Aluminum Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire, Rolled,
3.2.2 cognizant engineering organization—the company,
Drawn, or Cold Finished, 2024
government agency, or other authority responsible for the
design, or end use, of the system or component for which
ultrasonic examination is required. This, in addition to design
AvailablefromTheAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.
Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. Copies of specifications, standards, drawings and publications required by
Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250 Eye Street NW, manufacturers in connection with specific acquisition functions should be obtained
Washington, DC 20005. from the contracting activity or as directed by the contracting officer.
E2375–04
personnel, may include personnel from engineering, material 6.2 Personnel Qualification/Certification—Personnel per-
and process engineering, stress analysis, NDT or quality forming examinations to this practice shall be qualified in
groups and others, as appropriate. accordance with ANSI/ASNT-CP-189, NAS-410, or SNT-
3.2.3 contract document—any document specified in the TC-1A and certified by the employer or certifying agency as
contract, including the purchase order, specification, drawing, applicable. Other equivalent qualification documents may be
or other written material. used when specified in the contract or purchase order.
3.2.4 display—the display on which ultrasonic data are
6.3 Agency Evaluation—If required by contract, evaluation
presented, including, but is not limited to, cathode ray tubes,
of the agency performing examination shall be in accordance
liquid crystals, electro-luminescent phosphors, or plasmas.
with Practice E543.
3.2.5 entry surface resolution—the minimum distance be-
6.4 Written Procedure—A detailed procedure (general pro-
tween the entry surface and a discontinuity of known size that
cedure,orpartspecifictechnique,orboth)shallbepreparedfor
will result in a clear differentiation of the two signals as
each part and type of examination to be performed. The
indicated by the trace recovering to 20% or less of the
procedureshallmeettherequirementsofthispracticeandshall
discontinuity amplitude between the indications at the sensi-
provide consistency for producing the results and quality level
tivity required for the specified examination.
required by this practice and other contractual documents.The
3.2.6 fullscaledeflection(FSD)—themaximumdisplayable
procedure shall be approved by an individual qualified and
signal amplitude on the display device, or any signal reaching
certifiedasaLevelIIIinthepracticeofultrasonicexamination.
or exceeding the 100% amplitude scale graduation.
The procedure shall be submitted upon request to the contract-
3.2.7 horizontal limit—the maximum readable length of
ing agency for approval, or review, or both (see 8.1). The
horizontal position that is determined either by electrical or a
procedureshallcoverallofthespecificinformationrequiredto
physical limit in the A-scan presentation of an ultrasonic
set-up and perform the examination, such as the following:
examination instrument.
6.4.1 Name and address of examination facility,
3.2.8 immersionultrasonicexamination—theuseofawater
6.4.2 Number of the procedure including latest revision
medium to couple the search unit to the part surface. This
designation, if applicable, and date.
technique includes immersion in a tank of water, the use of
6.4.3 Number of this standard including latest revision
water columns, bubblers, or similar device.
designation letter, if applicable, and date.
3.2.9 primary reference response—the maximized signal
6.4.4 Examination method and acceptance criteria to be
amplitude obtained from the applicable reference reflector that
applied.
produces the lowest amplitude signal.
6.4.5 Examination zones, if applicable.
3.2.10 vertical linearity limit (upper and lower)—values of
6.4.6 Specific part number and configuration or product
theverticalamplitudeatwhichaproportionalrelationshipwith
form for which the procedure is being prepared.
the input signal deviates from or exceeds a prescribed amount.
6.4.7 Manufacturer and model numbers of any instrumen-
tation to be used in the examination. Any external recording
4. Significance and Use
equipment,alarmequipmentandelectronicdistance-amplitude
4.1 This practice is intended primarily for the examination
correction equipment shall be included.
of wrought metals, forged, rolled, machined parts or compo-
6.4.8 Type and size of search unit. Include frequency, focal
nents to an ultrasonic class most typically specified in the
length, as applicable, manufacturer, sound beam angle and
purchase order or other contract document.
description of any wedges, shoes, saddles, stand-off attach-
ments, bubblers, or squirters.
5. Basis of Application
6.4.9 Description of manipulating and scanning equipment.
5.1 Basis of Application—There are areas in this practice
6.4.10 Couplant: type and manufacturer.
that may require agreement between the cognizant engineering
6.4.11 Scanning plan which describes, for each portion of
organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the
the examination, the surfaces from which the examination will
cognizant engineering organization.
beperformed,theultrasonicmodes,anddirectionsofthesound
beam.
6. General Requirements
6.4.12 Method of applying transfer (see 7.4.10.4), if ap-
6.1 Specifying—When ultrasonic examination is specified
plied.
in accordance with this practice, the ultrasonic technique
6.4.13 Reference blocks, water path (if applicable) and
(immersion, contact, angle beam, straight beam, and so forth)
methods of standardization and scan index determination,
and acceptance criteria should be specified. Suggested classes
maximum scanning speed, and minimum pulse
...