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ASTM D5493-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Permittivity of Geotextiles Under Load

Standard Test Method for Permittivity of Geotextiles Under Load

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water permittivity behavior of geotextiles in a direction normal to the plane of the geotextile when subjected to specific normal compressive loads.  
1.2 Use of this test method is limited to geotextiles. This test method is not intended for application with geotextile-related products such as geogrids, geonets, geomembranes, and other geocomposites.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2005
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.03 - Permeability and Filtration
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5493-93(2003) - Standard Test Method for Permittivity of Geotextiles Under Load
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D5493-06(2011) - Standard Test Method for Permittivity of Geotextiles Under Load
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Referred By
ASTM D6917-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006

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ASTM D5493-06 - Standard Test Method for Permittivity of Geotextiles Under Load
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5493–06
Standard Test Method for
1
Permittivity of Geotextiles Under Load
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5493; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
Sieves
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water
permittivity behavior of geotextiles in a direction normal to the
3. Terminology
plane of the geotextile when subjected to specific normal
3.1 Definitions:
compressive loads.
3.1.1 geotextile, n—any permeable textile material used
1.2 Useofthistestmethodislimitedtogeotextiles.Thistest
with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical
method is not intended for application with geotextile-related
engineering related material as an integral part of a manmade
products such as geogrids, geonets, geomembranes, and other
project, structure, or system (see Terminology D4439).
geocomposites.
3.1.2 hydraulic gradient, i, n—the loss of hydraulic head
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
per unit distance of flow, dh/dL (see Test Method D4716).
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
-1
3.1.3 permittivity, (c), (T ), n—of geotextiles, the volumet-
information only.
ric flow rate of water per unit cross-sectional area per unit head
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
under laminar flow conditions, in the normal direction through
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a geotextile (see Terminology D4439).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 For the definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
refer to Terminology D4439. For the definitions of textile
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
terms, refer to Terminology D123. For the definitions of
2. Referenced Documents coefficient of permeability, refer to Terminology D653.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Test Method
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
4.1 Thistestmethodprovidesaprocedureformeasuringthe
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
water flow, in the normal direction through a known cross
Fluids
section of a single layer of a geotextile at predetermined
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
constant hydraulic heads over a range of applied normal
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
compressive stresses.
D4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles
4.2 Thepermittivityofageotextile, c,canbedeterminedby
by Permittivity
measuring the flow rate of water, in the normal direction,
D4716 Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow
through a known cross section of a geotextile at predetermined
Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a
constant water heads.
Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
4.3 Waterflowthroughgeotextilescanbelaminar,transient,
or turbulent, and therefore permittivity cannot be taken as a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
constant.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Perme-
ability and Filtration.
5. Significance and Use
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2006. Published January 2006. Originally
5.1 The thickness of a geotextile decreases with increase in
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5493 – 93 (2003).
DOI: 10.1520/D5493-06.
the normal compressive stress. This decrease in thickness may
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
result in the partial closing or the opening of the voids of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
geotextile depending on its initial structure and the boundary
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. conditions.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5493–06
5.2 This test method measures the permittivity due to a specimen (dead loads, air piston or any suitable device). The
changeofvoidstructureofageotextileasaresultofanapplied mechanical connection between the upper metallic plate and
compressive stress. theloadingmechanismconsistsoffourrods,3mmindiameter,
distributed on a circle approximately 30 mm in diameter.
6. Apparatus
6.3.5 A dial indicator can be connected to the loading
6.1 The apparatus is a constant head permeameter. General
mechanism to monitor the specimen thickness during the
...

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5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
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1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
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ASTM D7747/D7747M-11(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for Reinforced Geomembranes by the Strip Tensile Method

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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
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1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
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1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM D6992-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides guidance to obtain data that is the most representative of the material’s characteristics and performance. To properly evaluate EPDM, tests should be performed in accordance with specific test methods and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) geomembranes used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications.  
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three different types of EPDM geomembranes including: scrim-reinforced membranes, composite membranes, and smooth, nonreinforced membranes.  
1.3 The test methods are divided into three categories including manufacturing quality control, optional performance tests, and seam testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
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