ASTM C1054-03(2008)
(Practice)tandard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
tandard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is useful for producing uniform specimens of refractory plastics and ramming mixes for use in standard ASTM tests. Samples thus formed may be used for referee testing when setting specifications between producer and user. Forming parameters such as sample size, workability, and forming pressure should be agreed upon and specified in the report when referee testing.
This practice is applicable for preparing test specimens of various sizes. Note that 9 by 4½ by 2½ in. (228 by 114 by 64-mm) samples, because of their large cross-section, have a greater tendency to form flaws during pressing, handling, and drying than smaller cross-sectional samples.
Other tests for which these specimens may be used encompass, but are not limited to, the following ASTM standards: Method C 16, Test Methods C 20, Test Method C 113, Test Methods C 133, Test Method C 179, Test Method C 288, Test Method C 417, Test Method C 577, Test Method C 583, Test Method C 704, Test Methods C 830, Test Method C 832, Practice C 874, Test Method C 885, and Test Method C 914.
A purpose of this practice is to minimize flaws in pressed specimens. It is not intended to duplicate all field installation conditions.
Variations in workability as determined by Test Method C 181 can significantly affect the number of flaws contained in a specimen. For comparison testing between two laboratories, the workability level should be established by mutual agreement.
This practice is not intended for preparing specimens of basic ramming mixes, anhydrous tap-hole mixes, nor resin bonded mixes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the pressing and drying of chemically and nonchemically bonded aluminum-silicate and high alumina plastic and ramming mix refractory specimens classified in accordance with Classification C 673.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1054 − 03(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1054; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C583Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory
Materials at Elevated Temperatures
1.1 This practice covers the pressing and drying of chemi-
C673Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic
cally and nonchemically bonded aluminum-silicate and high
Refractories and Ramming Mixes
alumina plastic and ramming mix refractory specimens classi-
C704Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory
fied in accordance with Classification C673.
Materials at Room Temperature
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
C830 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density
information only.
of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the C832Test Method of Measuring Thermal Expansion and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Creep of Refractories Under Load
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- C874Test Method for Rotary Slag Testing of Refractory
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Materials
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. C885Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory
Shapes by Sonic Resonance
2. Referenced Documents
C914Test Method for Bulk Density and Volume of Solid
Refractories by Wax Immersion
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C16Test Method for Load Testing Refractory Shapes at
High Temperatures 3. Significance and Use
C20Test Methods forApparent Porosity, WaterAbsorption,
3.1 This practice is useful for producing uniform specimens
Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned
of refractory plastics and ramming mixes for use in standard
Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
ASTM tests. Samples thus formed may be used for referee
C113Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
testing when setting specifications between producer and user.
C133Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
Forming parameters such as sample size, workability, and
lus of Rupture of Refractories
forming pressure should be agreed upon and specified in the
C179Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of
report when referee testing.
Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
3.2 This practice is applicable for preparing test specimens
C181Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and
1 1
of various sizes. Note that 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 in. (228 by 114 by
High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
64-mm) samples, because of their large cross-section, have a
C288Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an
greater tendency to form flaws during pressing, handling, and
Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide
drying than smaller cross-sectional samples.
C417Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired
Monolithic Refractories
3.3 Other tests for which these specimens may be used
C577Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
encompass, but are not limited to, the following ASTM
standards:MethodC16,TestMethodsC20,TestMethodC113,
1 Test Methods C133, Test Method C179, Test Method C288,
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC08onRefractories
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics. TestMethodC417,TestMethodC577,TestMethodC583,Test
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally
Method C704, Test Methods C830, Test Method C832, Prac-
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C1054–03. DOI:
tice C874, Test Method C885, and Test Method C914.
10.1520/C1054-03R08.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.4 A purpose of this practice is to minimize flaws in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
pressed specimens. It is not intended to duplicate all field
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. installation conditions.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1054 − 03 (2008)
3.5 Variations in workability as determined by Test Method 6.2 MoldingofSpecimens—Usethepowerpresstoformthe
C181 can significantly affect the number of flaws contained in test specimens. In order to facilitate filling the mold, break the
a specimen. For comparison testing between two laboratories, material into pieces that vary in size, the largest dimension
the workability level should be established by mutual agree- being1-in.(25-mm).Carefullypackthesepiecesintothemold,
ment. in order to achieve uniform distribution of material.
6.2.1 Do not expose the material being pressed to the
3.6 This practice is not intended for preparing specimens of
atmosphere for periods longer than 15 min. Cover with an
basic ramming mixes, anhydrous tap-hole mixes, nor resin
impermeable material if longer periods of air exposure are
bonded mixes.
expected (Note 4).
4. Apparatus NOTE 4—Exposure in air may lead to a change in workability.
6.3 Pressing of Specimens—Apply a pressure sufficient to
4.1 Power Press, preferably of the hydraulic type, equipped
achieve a well-consolidated specimen (typically 750 to 1250
with suitable molds for forming specimens of the required size
psi (5.17 to 8.62 MPa) for plastics, higher pressures may be
(Note 1). The press should be capable of a minimum of 1500
necessary for ramming mixes) (Note 5). This pressure should
psi (10.34 MPa) pressure when forming the largest cross-
not be so high that a portion of the mix is forced out of the
sectional area specimen.
moldbyextrusionthroughtheclearancespacelocatedbetween
NOTE 1—It may be advisable to have the molds slightly oversized so
theplungerofthemoldandthewallsofthediecavity(Note6).
that, after drying, the specimens will be close to the required size for the
To eliminate possible entrapped air, apply an initial load of
specific test.
approximately 250 psi (1.72 MPa). Relieve this pressure, and
4.2 Drying Oven, preferably forced-draft rather than natural
then increase to the selected pressure.
convection,capableofreaching230°F(110°C)withacapacity
NOTE 5—Single- and double-action presses may produce differing
to hold ten 9-in. (228-mm) straight brick.
degrees of consolidation when pressing some ramming mixes.
4.3 Balance, 15 lb (6.8 kg) capacity with sensitivity of 0.02
NOTE 6—The total clearance space between the plunger and the walls
should not exceed ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm).
lb (9 g).
6.4 Removal of Specimens from Mold—Whenremovingthe
4.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C 1054–85 (Reapproved 1995) Designation: C 1054 – 03 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1054; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the pressing and drying of chemically and nonchemically bonded aluminum-silicate and high alumina
plastic and ramming mix refractory specimens classified in accordance with Classification C673.
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformation
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C16 Test Method offor Load Testing Refractory BrickShapes at High Temperatures
C20 TestMethodsforApparentPorosity,WaterAbsorption,ApparentSpecificGravity,andBulkDensityofBurnedRefractory
Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
C113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
C179 Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
C180Method of Panel Spalling Testing Fireclay Plastic Refractories 181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and
High-Alumina Plastic Refractories
C181Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories 288 Test Method for
Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide
C288Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide 417 Test Method for Thermal
Conductivity of Unfired Monolithic Refractories
C417Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired Monolithic Refractories 577 Test Method for Permeability of
Refractories
C546Method of Load Testing Refractory Brick at High Temperatures, Long-Time 583 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture
of Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
C577Test Method for Permeability of Refractories 673 Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories and
Ramming Mixes
C583Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures 704 Test Method for Abrasion
Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
C673Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories and Ramming Mixes 830 Test Methods for Apparent
Porosity, Liquid Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
C704Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature 832 Test Method of Measuring
Thermal Expansion and Creep of Refractories Under Load
C830TestMethodsforApparentPorosity,LiquidAbsorption,ApparentSpecificGravity,andBulkDensityofRefractoryShapes
by Vacuum Pressure 874 Practice for Rotary Slag Testing of Refractory Materials
C832Test Method of Measuring theThermal Expansion and Creep of Refractories Under Load 885 Test Method forYoung’s
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-8 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithic Refractories .
Current edition approved Dec. 27, 1985. Published February 1985.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C1054–03.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 15.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1054 – 03 (2008)
Modulus of Refractory Shapes by Sonic Resonance
C874Practice for Rotary Slag Testing of Refractory Materials
C885Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory Shapes by Sonic Resonance
C914 Test Method for Bulk Density and Volume of Solid Refractories by Wax Immersion
3. Significance and Use
3.1 ThispracticeisusefulforproducinguniformspecimensofrefractoryplasticsandrammingmixesforuseinstandardASTM
tests. Samples thus formed may be used for referee testing when setting specifications between producer and user. Forming
parameters such as sample size, workability, and forming pressure should be agreed upon and specified in the report when referee
testing.
1 1
3.2 This practice is applicable for preparing test specimens of various sizes. Note that 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 in. (228 by 114 by
64-mm) samples, because of their large cross-section, have a greater tendency to form flaws during pressing, handling, and drying
than smaller cross-sectional samples.
3.3 Other tests for which these specimens may be used encompass, but are not limited to, the following ASTM standards:
Method C16, Test Methods C20, Test Method C113, Test Methods C133, Test Method C179, Test Method C180C288, Test
Method C288C417, Test Method C417C577, Test Method C546C583, Test Method C577C704, Test Method C583Methods
C830, Test Method C704C832, Test Methods C830Practice C874, Test Method C832C885, Practice C874, Test Method C885,
and Test Method C914.
3.4 A purpose of this practice is to minimize flaws in pressed specimens. It is not intended to duplicate all field installation
conditions.
3.5 Variations in workability as determined by Test Method C181can significantly affect the number of flaws contained in a
specimen. For comparison testing between two laboratories, the workability level should be established by mutual agreement.
3.6 This practice is not intended for preparing specimens of basic ramming mixes, anhydrous tap-hole mixes, nor resin bonded
mixes.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Power Press, preferably of the hydraulic type, equipped with suitable molds for forming specimens of the required size
(Note 1). The press should be capable of a minimum of 1500 psi (10.34 MPa) pressure when forming the largest cross-sectional
area specimen.
NOTE 1—It may be advisable to have the molds slightly oversized so that, after drying, the specimens will be close to the required size for the specific
test.
4.2 Drying Oven,preferablyforced-draftratherthannaturalconvection,capableofreaching650°F(345°C)230°F(110°C)with
a capacity to hold ten 9-in. (228-mm) straight brick.
4.3 Balance, 15 lb (6.8 kg) capacity with sensitivity of 0.02 lb (9 g).
4.4 Thermometer, with a range of 0° to 180 6 0.1°F (−18° to 80°C 6 0.05°C).
4.5 Measuring Device, a 12-in. (305-mm) graduated in 0.02-in. (0.5-mm) increments.
4.6 Mold Lubricant—Either paraffin or silicone-based oils can be used as a parting agent for coating mold and die surfaces.
4.7 Non-Porous Blocks—(Two required) ⁄2-in. (13-mm) thick. The cross-sectional dimensions of these pieces will vary,
depending on the side dimensions of the bar being pressed.
5. Sampling
5.1 The container or package should not be opened prior to testing to ensure that the contents do not dry out.
5.2 At the time of the test, the sample should be between 65 and 75°F (18 and 24°C). Measure the temperature by inserting the
full length of the thermometer stem into the material. Note and record temperature when the reading is constant.
6. Procedure
6.1 Workability Index Measurement (Note 2)—Determine and report workability of plastics at the time of pressing in
accordance with the procedure described in Test Method C181(Note 3).
NOTE 2—Aworkability index between 17 and 23 is the optimum range for pressing samples with a minimum amount of flaws. If higher workability
material is used in referee tests between two or more laboratories, the work
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