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ASTM C1054-13

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens

Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is useful for producing uniform specimens of refractory plastics and ramming mixes for use in standard ASTM tests. Samples thus formed may be used for referee testing when setting specifications between producer and user. Establish by mutual agreement and specify in the report the forming parameters such as sample size, workability, and forming pressure when referee testing.  
3.2 This practice is applicable for preparing test specimens of various sizes. Note that 9 by 41/2 by 21/2 in. (228 by 114 by 64-mm) samples, because of their large cross-section, have a greater tendency to form flaws during pressing, handling, and drying than smaller cross-sectional samples.  
3.3 The purpose of this practice is to minimize flaws in pressed specimens. It is not intended to duplicate all field installation conditions.  
3.4 Variations in workability as determined by Test Method C181 can significantly affect the number of flaws contained in a specimen. Establish by mutual agreement the workability level when comparing tests between two laboratories.  
3.5 This practice is not intended for preparing specimens of basic ramming mixes, anhydrous tap-hole mixes, nor resin bonded mixes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the pressing and drying of chemically and non-chemically bonded alumin-silicate and high alumina plastic and ramming mix refractory specimens classified in accordance with Classification C673.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2013
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.09 - Monolithics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1054-03(2008) - tandard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Replaced By
ASTM C1054-18 - Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
Effective Date
01-Oct-2018
Referred By
ASTM C417-21 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired Monolithic Refractories
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM C704/C704M-15(2022)e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM C179-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013
Referred By
ASTM C133-97(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013

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ASTM C1054-13 - Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix SpecimensASTM C1054-13 - Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1054 − 13
Standard Practice for
Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix
1
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1054; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 64-mm) samples, because of their large cross-section, have a
greater tendency to form flaws during pressing, handling, and
1.1 This practice covers the pressing and drying of chemi-
drying than smaller cross-sectional samples.
cally and non-chemically bonded alumin-silicate and high
alumina plastic and ramming mix refractory specimens classi-
3.3 The purpose of this practice is to minimize flaws in
fied in accordance with Classification C673.
pressed specimens. It is not intended to duplicate all field
installation conditions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
3.4 Variations in workability as determined by Test Method
information only.
C181 can significantly affect the number of flaws contained in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the a specimen. Establish by mutual agreement the workability
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the level when comparing tests between two laboratories.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.5 This practice is not intended for preparing specimens of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
basic ramming mixes, anhydrous tap-hole mixes, nor resin
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bonded mixes.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Apparatus
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Power Press, preferably of the hydraulic type, equipped
C179 Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of
Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens with suitable molds for forming specimens of the required size
(Note 1) and capable of pressing to a minimum of 1500 psi
C181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and
High-Alumina Refractory Plastics (10.34 MPa) pressure when forming the largest cross-sectional
area specimen.
C673 Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic
Refractories and Ramming Mixes
NOTE 1—It may be advisable to have the molds slightly oversized so
that, after drying, the specimens will be close to the required size for the
3. Significance and Use
specific test.
3.1 This practice is useful for producing uniform specimens
4.2 Drying Oven, preferably forced-draft rather than natural
of refractory plastics and ramming mixes for use in standard
convection, capable of maintaining 230°F (110°C) with a
ASTM tests. Samples thus formed may be used for referee
capacity to hold the specimens.
testing when setting specifications between producer and user.
Establish by mutual agreement and specify in the report the 4.3 Balance, sufficient capacity to measure specimens with
forming parameters such as sample size, workability, and sensitivity of 0.02 lb (9 g).
forming pressure when referee testing.
4.4 Thermometer, with a range of 0° to 180 6 0.1°F (–18°
3.2 This practice is applicable for preparing test specimens
to 80°C 6 0.05°C).
1 1
of various sizes. Note that 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 in. (228 by 114 by
4.5 Linear Measuring Device, capable of being read to
0.02-in. (0.5-mm) .
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC08onRefractories
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics. 4.6 Mold Lubricant—Either paraffin or silicone-based oils
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally
can be used as a parting agent for coating mold and die
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1054 – 03 (2008).
surfaces.
DOI: 10.1520/C1054-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
4.7 Two Non-Porous Blocks, approximately ⁄2-in. (13-mm)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
thick.The cross-sectional dimensions of these pieces will vary,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. depending on the side dimensions of the bar being pressed.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1054 − 13
5. Sampling
5.1 Keep the container or package unopened until testing to
ensure the sample does not dry out.
5.2 The ideal sample test temperature is between 65 and
75°F (18 and 24°C). Measure the temperature by inserting the
full length of the thermometer stem into the material. Note and
record t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1054 − 03 (Reapproved 2008) C1054 − 13
Standard Practice for
Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix
1
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1054; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the pressing and drying of chemically and nonchemicallynon-chemically bonded aluminum-
silicatealumin-silicate and high alumina plastic and ramming mix refractory specimens classified in accordance with Classification
C673.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C16 Test Method for Load Testing Refractory Shapes at High Temperatures
C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory
Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
C113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
C179 Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
C181 Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
C288 Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide
C417 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired Monolithic Refractories
C577 Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
C583 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
C673 Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories and Ramming Mixes
C704 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
C830 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes
by Vacuum Pressure
C832 Test Method of Measuring Thermal Expansion and Creep of Refractories Under Load
C874 Test Method for Rotary Slag Testing of Refractory Materials
C885 Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory Shapes by Sonic Resonance
C914 Test Method for Bulk Density and Volume of Solid Refractories by Wax Immersion
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This practice is useful for producing uniform specimens of refractory plastics and ramming mixes for use in standard ASTM
tests. Samples thus formed may be used for referee testing when setting specifications between producer and user. Forming
Establish by mutual agreement and specify in the report the forming parameters such as sample size, workability, and forming
pressure should be agreed upon and specified in the report when referee testing.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008April 1, 2013. Published March 2008June 2013. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
C1054 – 03.C1054 – 03 (2008). DOI: 10.1520/C1054-03R08.10.1520/C1054-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1054 − 13
1 1
3.2 This practice is applicable for preparing test specimens of various sizes. Note that 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 ⁄2 in. (228 by 114 by
64-mm) samples, because of their large cross-section, have a greater tendency to form flaws during pressing, handling, and drying
than smaller cross-sectional samples.
3.3 Other tests for which these specimens may be used encompass, but are not limited to, the following ASTM standards:
Method C16, Test Methods C20, Test Method C113, Test Methods C133, Test Method C179, Test Method C288, Test Method
C417, Test Method C577,
...

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Standard Classification of Mullite Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The mullite content of an alumina-silica refractory material has an important influence on volume stability, load-bearing properties, and its satisfactory use in refractory applications. This classification is considered useful for purchase specifications and quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers refractory products consisting predominantly of mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) crystals that are formed by either converting any of the sillimanite group of minerals, or synthesizing from appropriate materials in a melt or sinter process.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C863-00(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Oxidation Resistance of Silicon Carbide Refractories at Elevated Temperatures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The oxidation of silicon carbide refractories at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in the application of these refractories. The product of oxidation is amorphous silica or cristobalite, depending upon the temperature at which oxidation takes place. This oxide formation is associated with expansion and degradation of strength. The quantity of water vapor in the atmosphere greatly affects the rate of oxidation.  
3.2 The test, which creates and measures the expansion, is suitable for guidance in product development and relative comparison in application work where oxidation potential is of concern. The variability of the test is such that it is not recommended for use as a referee test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the oxidation resistance of silicon carbide refractories at elevated temperatures in an atmosphere of steam. The steam is used to accelerate the test. Oxidation resistance is the ability of the silicon carbide (SiC) in the refractory to resist conversion to silicon dioxide (SiO2) and its attendant crystalline growth.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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