iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D6477-99

(Terminology)

Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord and Fabrics

Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord and Fabrics

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fabrics.
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this terminology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are defined in different words.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-1999
ICS
83.160.01 - Tyres in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.19 - Industrial Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6477-02 - Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord and Fabrics
Effective Date
10-Apr-2002

Buy Standard

ASTM D6477-99 - Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord and FabricsASTM D6477-99 - Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord and Fabrics
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D6477-99 - Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord and Fabrics
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: D 6477 – 99
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Tire Cord and Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6477; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and Cord with the Testrite Thermal Shrinkage Force
3
Tester
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions
D 6320 Test Methods for Single Filament Hose Reinforcing
developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fab-
3
Wire Made from Steel
rics.
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire
3. Terminology
cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside
the tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations adhesion, n—the property denoting the ability of a material to
or in dictionaries of general usage. resist delamination or separation into two or more layers.
D 1871, D 4393, D 4776
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this termi-
nology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee’s adhesion, n—in tire fabrics, the force required to separate a
textile material from rubber or other elastomer by a definite
terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing
redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the prescribed method. D 2229, D 4393, D 4776
adhesive treated tire cord, n—a tire cord whose adhesion to
same concept are defined in different words.
rubber or other elastomer has been improved by the appli-
2. Referenced Documents
cation of a dip followed by rapid drying and (normally)
2.1 ASTM Standards: additional heat treatment. D 5591
2
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles air wicking, n—in tires, the passage of air longitudinally along
D 885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and or through yarns in a fabric that has been encased and cured
Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured in rubber or other elastomer, that is, air permeability in the
2
Organic-Base Fibers plane of the fabric. D 2692
D 1871 Test Methods for Adhesion of Single-Filament Steel catenary length, n—the difference between the length of the
2
Wire to Rubber shortest and the longest component in a plied yarn or cables
D 2229 Test Method for Adhesion Between Steel Tire cord after twisting. D 2970
2
Cords and Rubber chafer fabric, n—woven fabric, usually coated with unvulca-
D 2692 Test Method for Air Wicking of Tire Fabrics, Tire nized rubber, which is laid around the bead of a tire before
2
Cord Fabrics, Tire Cord, and Yarns vulcanization. D 2692, D 4393
2
D 2969 Test Methods for Steel Tire Cords cord, n—a twisted or formed structure composed of one or
D 2970 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and more single or plied filaments, strands, or yarns of organic
2
Industrial Yarns Made from Glass Filaments polymer or inorganic materials. D 885, D 4776, D 5591
D 4393 Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing cord twist, n—the amount of twist in a cord made from two or
3
Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds more single or plied yarns. D 885, D 2970
D 4776 Test Method for Adhesion of Tire Cords and Other core, n—a filament or strand that serves as an extended axis
Reinforcing Cords to Rubber Compounds by H-Test Pro- about which other elements can be wound. D 2969
3
cedure curing, n—see the preferred term vulcanization. D 1871,
D 4974 Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn D 4393, D 4776
3
and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven dip, n—a chemical composition that is applied to a textile cord
D 4975 Test Methods for Single-Filament Tire Bead Wire or fabric to improve its adhesion to rubber or other elas-
3
Made from Steel tomer. D 885, D 2970
D 5591 Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn dip pick-up, n—in glass cords, the amount of dip solids
present as supplied. D 2970
dip pick-up, n—in a textile cord or fabric, the amount of dip
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
or dip components present after processing, including dry-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D-13.19 on Tire Cord and Fabrics.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1999. Published June 2000.
ing, as determined by prescribed methods, and expressed as
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
a percentage of the mass of the oven-dried, dip-free material.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 6477
D 885 cord when one end is held in a fixed position and the other
direction of lay, n—the helical disposition of the components allowed to turn freely. D 2969
of a strand or cord. D 2969 retraction, n—in yarns and cords, the reduction in length
direction of twist, n—see direction of lay. D
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D6477-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fabrics.  
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this terminology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are defined in different words.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4776/D4776M-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Adhesion of Tire Cords and Other Reinforcing Cords to Rubber Compounds by H-Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D4776 for the determination of the H-test adhesion of reinforcing cords to rubber compounds may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of reinforcing cords but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
5.1.1 In cases of dispute arising from the differences in reported test results when using Test Method D4776 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 This test method is used to measure the force required to extract the cord from a rubber compound test block.  
5.3 This test method is designed to test the adhesion of textiles that are bonded to rubber compounds. Variables that may contribute to differences in results of this test method include adhesive type, adhesive application procedure, adhesive cure, fiber type, construction of cords, rubber type, rubber cure, and rubber thickness.  
5.3.1 The deleterious effect of ozone in combination with atmospheric moisture on the ability of adhesives to bond with rubber requires assiduous protection of cords prior to embedment.  
5.4 The expec...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of adhesion of reinforcing cords that are bonded to rubber compounds. This test method is applicable to textile cord structures from both natural and manmade fibers, other than steel. For adhesion testing of steel tire cords, refer to Test Method D2229.  
1.2 This test method is primarily used to evaluate tire cords, using a suitable tire cord adhesive and a suitable rubber compound. This test method is also used to evaluate (1) tire cord adhesives, and (2) the process of adhesive reaction on the cord using one consistent form of tire cord and one consistent rubber compound. This test method may be used to evaluate cords in industrial hose and belting products and other cord reinforced rubber products.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6588/D6588M-11(2016)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Fatigue of Tire Cords (Disc Fatigue Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments in the absence of reliable information on between-laboratory precision.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two laboratories (or more), a comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from a material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other fabrics with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fatigue of tire cords in rubber due to compression or extension, or both, using a disc fatigue tester. The fatigue is measured as a loss in strength.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2692/D2692M-15(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Tire Fabrics, Tire Cord Fabrics, Tire Cord, and Yarns

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of tire fabrics since this test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. This test method is also considered satisfactory for quality control.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories may be compared using appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.2 This test method is applicable for testing the air permeability of any fabric that is embedded in a rubber compound, but is particularly useful when testing chafer fabrics to be used in a tubeless tire construction. In tubeless tires, chafer fabric yarns that are air permeable represent potential channels for air to pass through, and thus, this test method provides a prediction of chafer permeability.  
5.3 Evaluation of air permeability in other fabric and cord components in such products as tires, rubber brake diaphragms, and pneumatic hoses, is useful.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of longitudinal air permeability for tire fabrics, tire cord fabrics, tire cords, or yarns embedded in cured rubber compound. This test method is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of fabric treatments intended to prevent air permeability. This test method is applicable to fabrics made from all types of fibers with all types of rubber compound.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See the Note in 11.1.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2493-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Standard Reference Test Tire

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the P225/60R16 97S radial standard reference test tire. The tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for braking traction, snow traction, and wear performance evaluations, but may also be used for other evaluations, such as pavement roughness, noise, or other tests that require a reference tire.  
1.1.1 Other standard reference test tires are also used for these purposes and are referenced in Section 2.  
1.2 This specification provides a 16 rim diameter code standard tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and specifies the conditions of storage.  
1.3 As of 2020 the E1136 P195/75R14 92S Standard Reference Test Tire has ceased production. The F2493 P225/60R16 97S Standard Reference Test Tire is an acceptable replacement for E1136 as the reference tire for Test Methods F1805 and E1337.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6477-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fabrics.  
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this terminology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are defined in different words.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F551/F551M-16(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Using a 1.707-m [67.23-in.] Diameter Laboratory Test Roadwheel in Testing Tires

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The 1.707-m [67.23-in.] diameter laboratory test roadwheel is one of the most extensively employed testing devices for tire durability and endurance testing.  
5.2 This test apparatus operating in the laboratory at controlled surface speeds, loads, and ambient temperatures simulates, to a degree, tire-operating conditions resembling actual service. Because of the roadwheel curvature, the test tire is fatigued more rapidly than a tire operating on a road.  
5.3 The laboratory roadwheel described in this practice is suitable for comparative evaluation of tires under controlled operating and environmental conditions.  
5.4 While the laboratory roadwheel may not reproduce structural fatigue exactly as it occurs in service, the laboratory wheel can be used to produce fatigue under controlled conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for a 1.707-m [67.23-in.] diameter laboratory roadwheel for durability and endurance testing of tires under controlled operating and environmental conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7 and Note 1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F538-22(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Characteristics and Performance of Tires

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology primarily covers definitions for technical terms that occur in ASTM Committee F09 standards on the characteristics and performance of tires.  
1.2 Definitions for terms that may also be used in other technologies, such as vehicle behavior, are worded to cover both areas.  
1.3 When any definition in this terminology (that does not have the limiting phrase) is quoted out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase in a tire after the dash following the term. This will properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3611-22e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for P225/60R16 97S Radial Low Tread Depth Standard Reference Test Tire

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the P225/60R16 97S radial low tread depth standard reference test tire. The tire covered by this specification is primarily for use as a reference tire for wet braking traction evaluations for tires in a worn state but may also be used for other evaluations.  
1.2 This specification provides a 16 rim diameter code standard tire design and construction, standard dimensions, and specifies the conditions of storage.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1806-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Tire Testing Operations–Basic Concepts and Terminology for Reference Tire Use

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tire testing operations usually consist of a sequence of tests that involve special “reference” tires in addition to the candidate tires being evaluated for their performance characteristics. Reference tires serve as an “internal benchmark” which may be used to adjust for variation in test results to give improved comparisons among the candidate tires. Numerous approaches have been adopted using different terminology for such testing. This causes confusion and the purpose of this practice is to standardize some of the elementary concepts and terminology on this topic.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents some basic concepts for tire testing and a standard set of terms relating to the use of reference tires frequently used for comprehensive tire testing programs. The tests may be conducted in a laboratory on various dynamometer wheels or other apparatus as well as at outdoor proving ground facilities. The overall objective of this practice is to develop some elementary principles for such testing and standardize the terms used in these operations. This will improve communication among those conducting these tests as well as those using the results of such testing.  
1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology, a statistical model for tire testing operations is also presented in Annex A1. This serves as a mathematical and conceptual foundation for the terms and other testing concepts; it will improve understanding. The annex can also serve for future consultation as this practice is expanded to address additional aspects of the testing process.  
1.3 This overall topic requires a comprehensive treatment with a sequential or hierarchical development of terms with substantial background discussion. This cannot be accommodated in Terminology F538.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off