ASTM E165-09

Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Liquid penetrant testing methods indicate the presence, location and, to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. Each of the various penetrant methods has been designed for specific uses such as critical service items, volume of parts, portability or localized areas of examination. The method selected will depend accordingly on the design and service requirements of the parts or materials being tested.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for penetrant examination of materials. Penetrant testing is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, shrinkage, laminations, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance testing. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals, and of nonmetallic materials such as nonporous glazed or fully densified ceramics, as well as certain nonporous plastics, and glass.
1.2 This practice also provides a reference:
1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications and procedures dealing with the liquid penetrant testing of parts and materials. Agreement by the customer requesting penetrant inspection is strongly recommended. All areas of this practice may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.
1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel concerned with liquid penetrant testing.
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code, standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2009
• ICS: 19.100 - Non-destructive testing
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.03 - Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E165-02 - Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F3042-13(2018) - Standard Specification for Nonferrous Hex Socket, Slotted Headless, and Square Head Set Screws
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2256-19 - Standard Guide for Hydraulic Integrity of New, Repaired, or Reconstructed Aboveground Storage Tank Bottoms for Petroleum Service
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F620-20 - Standard Specification for Titanium Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants in the Alpha Plus Beta Condition
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM B618/B618M-18e1 - Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Investment Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM B403-20 - Standard Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Investment Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F467M-06a(2018) - Standard Specification for Nonferrous Nuts for General Use (Metric)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F621-12(2021)e1 - Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings for Surgical Implants
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F961-20 - Standard Specification for 35Cobalt-35Nickel-20Chromium-10Molybdenum Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants (UNS R30035)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM B80-23 - Standard Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Sand Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM B955/B955M-18 - Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Centrifugal Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM B686/B686M-18 - Standard Specification for Aluminum Alloy Castings, High-Strength
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E2297-23 - Standard Guide for Use of UV-A and Visible Light Sources and Meters used in the Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM E839-11(2016)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Sheathed Thermocouples and Sheathed Thermocouple Cable
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM B851-04(2020) - Standard Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E165 – 09
Standard Practice for
1
Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E165; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This practice covers procedures for penetrant examina-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion of materials. Penetrant testing is a nondestructive testing
methodfordetectingdiscontinuitiesthatareopentothesurface
2. Referenced Documents
such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, shrinkage, laminations,
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
throughleaks,orlackoffusionandisapplicabletoin-process,
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
final, and maintenance testing. It can be effectively used in the
eral Bomb Method)
examination of nonporous, metallic materials, ferrous and
E516 Practice for Testing Thermal Conductivity Detectors
nonferrous metals, and of nonmetallic materials such as non-
Used in Gas Chromatography
porous glazed or fully densified ceramics, as well as certain
D808 TestMethodforChlorineinNewandUsedPetroleum
nonporous plastics, and glass.
Products (Bomb Method)
1.2 This practice also provides a reference:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
recommended or required by individual organizations can be
(High-Temperature Method)
reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.
D4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by Chemically
1.2.2 Foruseinthepreparationofprocessspecificationsand
Suppressed Ion Chromatography
procedures dealing with the liquid penetrant testing of parts
E433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspec-
andmaterials.Agreementbythecustomerrequestingpenetrant
tion
inspection is strongly recommended.All areas of this practice
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestruc-
may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering
tive Testing
organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the
E1208 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing
cognizant engineering organization.
Using the Lipophilic Post-Emulsification Process
1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel
E1209 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing
concerned with liquid penetrant testing.
Using the Water-Washable Process
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for
E1210 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing
evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It
Using the Hydrophilic Post-Emulsification Process
should be pointed out, however, that after indications have
E1219 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing
been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then
Using the Solvent-Removable Process
evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code,
E1220 PracticeforVisiblePenetrantTestingUsingSolvent-
standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size,
Removable Process
location, and direction of indications considered acceptable,
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
and those considered unacceptable.
E1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E1418 Practice for Visible Penetrant Testing Using the
as the standard. SI units are provided for information only.
Water-Washable Process
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4
2.2 ASNT Document:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid
3
Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
in1960.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2002asE165-02.DOI:10.1520/E0165- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
09. the ASTM website.
2 4
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Recom- AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
mended Test Method SE-165 in the Code. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Copyright © ASTM Inte
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E 165–02
Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant
ExaminationDesignation: E165 – 09
Standard Practice for
1
Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E165; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This test method
2
1.1 This practice covers procedures for penetrant examination of materials. They are Penetrant testing is a nondestructive
testing methodsmethod for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, shrinkage,
laminations, through leaks, or lack of fusion and areis applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination. Theytesting.
It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous metals, and of
nonmetallic materials such as nonporous glazed or fully densified ceramics, as well as certain nonporous plastics, and glass.
1.2 This test methodpractice also provides a reference:
1.2.1 By which a liquid penetrant examination process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed
to ascertain its applicability and completeness.
1.2.2For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the liquid penetrant examination of materials and parts.
Agreement by the user and the supplier regarding specific techniques is strongly recommended.
1.2.3For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination.
1.3This test method does not indicate or suggest criteria for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be pointed out,
however,thatafterindicationshavebeenproduced,theymustbeinterpretedorclassifiedandthenevaluated.Forthispurposethere
must be a separate code or specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications
considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.
1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications and procedures dealing with the liquid penetrant testing of parts and
materials.Agreement by the customer requesting penetrant inspection is strongly recommended.All areas of this practice may be
open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant
engineering organization.
1.2.3 For use in the organization of facilities and personnel concerned with liquid penetrant testing.
1.3 This practice does not indicate or suggest criteria for evaluation of the indications obtained by penetrant testing. It should
be pointed out, however, that after indications have been found, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this
purpose there must be a separate code, standard, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of
indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General Bomb Method)
1
ThistestmethodpracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE07onNondestructiveTestingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE07.03onLiquid
Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods.
Current edition approved February 10, 2002. Published April 2002. Originally published as E 165–60T. Last previous edition E 165–95.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E165-02. DOI: 10.1520/E0165-09.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Recommended Test Method SE-165 in the Code.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 05.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
...