ASTM E2435-05(2015)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Application of Engineering Controls to Facilitate Use or Redevelopment of Chemical-Affected Properties
Standard Guide for Application of Engineering Controls to Facilitate Use or Redevelopment of Chemical-Affected Properties
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Intended Application of Guide—This guide is intended for use at properties that are presently developed or proposed for development for residential, commercial, or industrial purposes but which contain chemical-affected soil, groundwater, air, or other environmental media, which may pose an unacceptable risk to human health. This guide can be used as a tool for planning and implementation of property reuse or redevelopment activities at former commercial/industrial facilities, “brownfield” properties, or properties containing naturally occurring, chemical-affected environmental media so as to effectively manage potential human exposures to COCs which might otherwise limit productive use of the property.
4.2 Situations Where This Guide May Be Applied—An engineering control may be needed as part of the development plan when: (1) COCs are present in soil, groundwater, or other environmental media at concentrations posing unacceptable risk(s) to human health per applicable regulatory criteria or a risk-based evaluation; (2) a potentially complete exposure pathway for COCs is likely to exist in the absence of an engineering control or other response measure, and (3) installation and maintenance of the engineering control is determined to be an applicable and cost-effective response action relative to other options. A property should not be excluded from development or redevelopment solely on the basis of chemical-affected media, in general, and chemical-affected groundwater, in particular. If no affected environmental media are identified as having COC concentrations in excess of applicable regulatory standards or risk-based criteria, then engineering controls or other response measures are not required.
4.3 Assumptions for Use of This Guide—For use of this guide, it is assumed that (1) an environmental site assessment has been completed to characterize chemical-affected environmental media, (2) exposures to COCs posing an unacceptable risk to the health of cur...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents general considerations for application of engineering controls to facilitate continued use or redevelopment of properties containing chemical-affected soil, groundwater, or other environmental media, due either to chemical releases or naturally-occurring conditions. This guide is not meant to be prescriptive but rather to present considerations for evaluating technologies capable of addressing potential human exposures associated with chemical-affected environmental media.
1.2 Table 1 lists the considerations that should be taken into account when developing an engineering control in accordance with this guide. (A) Table presents design issues to be considered to demonstrate that the design of an engineering control for chemical-affected property has been developed in accordance with this guide. Consideration of the issues should be documented in accordance with the identified regulatory framework for the site.(B) References indicate sections of this guide.
1.3 This guide is intended for use by real estate developers, civil/structural designers, environmental regulators, industrial parties, environmental consultants, and other persons concerned with residential, commercial, or industrial development of real properties where chemical-affected environmental media are present. The design process should involve the individuals and firms working on various aspects of the specifications for construction, operation, and maintenance. If the site is located on public property, then public participation should be considered during the design process.
1.4 This guide is directed toward properties where chemical-affected environmental media, associated with either human-influenced activities or naturally-occurring conditions, will remain in place and where active or passive engineering controls will be used to reduce or eliminate exposures that may otherwise pose an unacceptable risk to property user...
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Designation: E2435 − 05 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Application of Engineering Controls to Facilitate Use or
1
Redevelopment of Chemical-Affected Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2435; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Environmental media, such as soil, groundwater, or air, are susceptible to impact by chemical
releases associated with past property-use activities; or they may be affected by naturally occurring
conditions. Previously developed properties may have been impacted by chemical releases associated
with historical operations, chemical spill incidents, waste management practices, or other related
sources of COCs. In some cases, such chemicals may remain in soil, groundwater, or other
environmental media; and, depending on their toxicity, concentration, location, and migration
potential in the environment, they can pose a potential health risk in the event of exposure of current
or future property users. Similarly, in the absence of a chemical release caused by human activity,
COCs that are naturally present in soils, groundwater, soil vapors, or other environmental media can
pose an unacceptable risk to human health, depending on the chemical toxicity and exposure (e.g.,
radon gas emanation into indoor air space of overlying buildings). Under certain conditions, in the
absence of exposure controls, human exposure to chemical-affected environmental media at
residential, commercial, or industrial properties could occur via various exposure pathways, including
but not limited to (1) surface soil direct contact, (2) ambient or indoor air vapor exposure, or (3)
affected groundwater impact on subsurface structures or utilities. Other pathways or exposure
mechanisms may exist, and if so, should be addressed in a similar manner to those addressed in the
guide.
1. Scope parties, environmental consultants, and other persons con-
cerned with residential, commercial, or industrial development
1.1 This guide presents general considerations for applica-
of real properties where chemical-affected environmental me-
tion of engineering controls to facilitate continued use or
dia are present. The design process should involve the indi-
redevelopment of properties containing chemical-affected soil,
viduals and firms working on various aspects of the specifica-
groundwater, or other environmental media, due either to
tionsforconstruction,operation,andmaintenance.Ifthesiteis
chemicalreleasesornaturally-occurringconditions.Thisguide
located on public property, then public participation should be
is not meant to be prescriptive but rather to present consider-
ations for evaluating technologies capable of addressing po- considered during the design process.
tential human exposures associated with chemical-affected
1.4 This guide is directed toward properties where
environmental media.
chemical-affected environmental media, associated with either
1.2 Table 1 lists the considerations that should be taken into
human-influenced activities or naturally-occurring conditions,
accountwhendevelopinganengineeringcontrolinaccordance
will remain in place and where active or passive engineering
with this guide.
controlswillbeusedtoreduceoreliminateexposuresthatmay
1.3 This guide is intended for use by real estate developers,
otherwise pose an unacceptable risk to property users.
civil/structural designers, environmental regulators, industrial
1.5 This guide identifies the exposure concerns associated
with chemical-affected properties that may affect the property
development plan, both in the construction phase and during
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
Assessment, Risk Management and CorrectiveAction and is the direct responsibil- the proposed use of the property; defines performance stan-
ity of Subcommittee E50.04 on Corrective Action.
dards for control of applicable exposure pathways; and, for
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally
ε1 each exposure pathway, provides examples of engineering
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2435 – 05(2010) .
DOI: 10.1520/E2435-05R15. controls that may be applied for new or existing construction.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2435 − 05 (2015)
A
TABLE 1 Design Considerations for Engineering Controls
Check
When If Not
B
Task/Description Reference Complete Applicable
SITE CHARACTERIZATION
1. Regul
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E2435 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) E2435 − 05 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Application of Engineering Controls to Facilitate Use or
1
Redevelopment of Chemical-Affected Properties
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2435; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Units information was editorially revised in November 2010.
INTRODUCTION
Environmental media, such as soil, groundwater, or air, are susceptible to impact by chemical
releases associated with past property-use activities; or they may be affected by naturally occurring
conditions. Previously developed properties may have been impacted by chemical releases associated
with historical operations, chemical spill incidents, waste management practices, or other related
sources of COCs. In some cases, such chemicals may remain in soil, groundwater, or other
environmental media; and, depending on their toxicity, concentration, location, and migration
potential in the environment, they can pose a potential health risk in the event of exposure of current
or future property users. Similarly, in the absence of a chemical release caused by human activity,
COCs that are naturally present in soils, groundwater, soil vapors, or other environmental media can
pose an unacceptable risk to human health, depending on the chemical toxicity and exposure (e.g.,
radon gas emanation into indoor air space of overlying buildings). Under certain conditions, in the
absence of exposure controls, human exposure to chemical-affected environmental media at
residential, commercial, or industrial properties could occur via various exposure pathways, including
but not limited to (1) surface soil direct contact, (2) ambient or indoor air vapor exposure, or (3)
affected groundwater impact on subsurface structures or utilities. Other pathways or exposure
mechanisms may exist, and if so, should be addressed in a similar manner to those addressed in the
guide.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide presents general considerations for application of engineering controls to facilitate continued use or
redevelopment of properties containing chemical-affected soil, groundwater, or other environmental media, due either to chemical
releases or naturally-occurring conditions. This guide is not meant to be prescriptive but rather to present considerations for
evaluating technologies capable of addressing potential human exposures associated with chemical-affected environmental media.
1.2 Table 1 lists the considerations that should be taken into account when developing an engineering control in accordance with
this guide.
1.3 This guide is intended for use by real estate developers, civil/structural designers, environmental regulators, industrial
parties, environmental consultants, and other persons concerned with residential, commercial, or industrial development of real
properties where chemical-affected environmental media are present. The design process should involve the individuals and firms
working on various aspects of the specifications for construction, operation, and maintenance. If the site is located on public
property, then public participation should be considered during the design process.
1.4 This guide is directed toward properties where chemical-affected environmental media, associated with either human-
influenced activities or naturally-occurring conditions, will remain in place and where active or passive engineering controls will
be used to reduce or eliminate exposures that may otherwise pose an unacceptable risk to property users.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee E50.04 on Corrective Action.
Current edition approved Nov. 17, 2010April 1, 2015. Published November 2010 May 2015. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052010
ε1
as E2435 – 05.E2435 – 05(2010) . DOI: 10.1520/E2435-05R10E01.10.1520/E2435-05R15.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2435 − 05 (2015)
A
TABLE 1 Design Considerations for Engineering Controls
Check
When If Not
B
Task/Description Refer
...
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