ASTM E724-21
(Guide)Standard Guide for Conducting Static Short-Term Chronic Toxicity Tests Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve Molluscs
Standard Guide for<brk type="line"/> Conducting Static Short-Term Chronic Toxicity Tests Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve Molluscs
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An acute toxicity test is conducted to assess the effects of a short term exposure of organisms to a test material under specific experimental conditions. An acute toxicity test does not provide information concerning whether delayed effects will occur and typically evaluates effects on survival. A chronic test is typically longer in duration and includes a sublethal endpoint to assess effects on a population that might occur beyond the exposure period. Because the bivalve embryo development test includes a sublethal endpoint, but is also short in duration, these tests are considered to be short-term chronic tests.
5.2 Because embryos and larvae are usually assumed to be the most sensitive life stages of these bivalve mollusc species and because these species are commercially and recreationally important, results of these acute tests are often considered to be a good indication of the acceptability of pollutant concentrations to saltwater molluscan species in general. Results of these acute toxicity tests are often assumed to be an important consideration when assessing the hazard of materials to other saltwater organisms (see Guide E1023) or when deriving water quality criteria for saltwater organisms (3) .
5.3 Results of short-term chronic toxicity tests might be used to predict effects likely to occur to aquatic organisms in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions, except that toxicity to benthic species might depend on sorption or settling of the test material onto the substrate.
5.4 Results of short-term chronic tests might be used to compare the sensitivities of different species to different test materials, and to determine the effects of various environmental factors on results of such tests.
5.5 Results of short-term chronic toxicity tests might be useful for studying biological availability of, and structure activity relationships between, test materials.
5.6 Results of any toxicity test will depend on temper...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the acute effects of a test material on embryos and the resulting larvae of four species of saltwater bivalve molluscs (Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg; eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin; quahog or hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria Linnaeus; and the mussel species complex (Mytilus spp.) including the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis Linnaeus; the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark; and the Northern Bay Mussel, Mytilus trossulus Gould) during static 48-h exposures. These procedures will probably be useful for conducting static short-term chronic toxicity tests starting with embryos of other bivalve species (1)2 although modifications might be necessary.
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using procedures appropriate to a particular species or special needs and circumstances is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted by using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Comparison of results obtained by using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting 48-h acute tests starting with embryos of bivalve molluscs.
1.3 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known mixtures. With appropriate modifications these procedures can be used to conduct acute tests on temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH and on such materials as aqueous effluents (see also Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters. Renewal tests might be preferable to static tests for materials that have a high oxygen demand, are highly volatile, are rapidly biologically or chemically transformed...
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E724 − 21
Standard Guide for
Conducting Static Short-Term Chronic Toxicity Tests
Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve
1
Molluscs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E724; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope matter, sediments, and surface waters. Renewal tests might be
preferable to static tests for materials that have a high oxygen
1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory
demand, are highly volatile, are rapidly biologically or chemi-
data concerning the acute effects of a test material on embryos
cally transformed in aqueous solution, or are removed from test
and the resulting larvae of four species of saltwater bivalve
solutions in substantial quantities by the test chambers or
molluscs (Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg; eastern
organisms during the test.
oyster, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin; quahog or hard clam,
Mercenaria mercenaria Linnaeus; and the mussel species
1.4 Results of toxicity tests with embryos of bivalve mol-
complex (Mytilus spp.) including the blue mussel, Mytilus
luscs should usually be reported as the EC50 based on the total
edulis Linnaeus; the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus gallopro-
incompletely developed and dead organisms. It might also be
vincialis Lamark; and the Northern Bay Mussel, Mytilus
desirable to report the LC50 based only on death. In some
trossulus Gould) during static 48-h exposures. These proce-
situations, it might only be necessary to determine whether a
dures will probably be useful for conducting static short-term
specific concentration is toxic to embryos or whether the EC50
chronic toxicity tests starting with embryos of other bivalve
is above or below a specific concentration.
2
species (1) although modifications might be necessary.
1.5 This guide is arranged as follows:
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justi-
fied by special needs or circumstances. Although using proce-
dures appropriate to a particular species or special needs and
Section
circumstances is more important than following prescribed
Referenced Documents 2
procedures, results of tests conducted by using unusual proce-
Terminology 3
Summary of Guide 4
dures are not likely to be comparable to results of many other
Significance and Use 5
tests. Comparison of results obtained by using modified and
Hazards 6
unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful
Apparatus 7
Facilities 7.1
information concerning new concepts and procedures for
Construction Materials 7.2
conducting 48-h acute tests starting with embryos of bivalve
Test Chambers 7.3
molluscs.
Cleaning 7.4
Acceptability 7.5
1.3 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals,
Dilution Water 8
either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or Requirements 8.1
Source 8.2
known mixtures. With appropriate modifications these proce-
Treatments 8.3
dures can be used to conduct acute tests on temperature,
Characterization 8.4
Test Material 9
dissolved oxygen, and pH and on such materials as aqueous
General 9.1
effluents (see also Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate
Stock Solution 9.2
Test Concentration(s) 9.3
Test Organisms 10
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Species 10.1
Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil- Age 10.2
Handling 10.3
ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Brood Stock Source and Condition 10.4
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2021. Published March 2021. Originally
Spawning and Fertilization 10.5
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E74 – 98 (2012). DOI:
Quality 10.6
10.1520/E0724-21.
2
Procedure 11
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
Experimental Design 11.1
this guide.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E724 − 21
5
Conducted Under ASTM Guidelines (Withdrawn 2022)
Dissolved Oxygen 11.2
Temperature 11.3
Beginning the Test 11.4
3. Terminology
Feeding 11.5
3.1 Definitions:
Duration of Test 11.6
Biological Data 11.7
3.1.1 The words “must,” “should,” “may,” “can,” and
Other Measurements 11.8
“might” have very specific meanings in this guide. “Must” is
Analytical Methods 12
Acceptability of Test 13 used to expres
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E724 − 98 (Reapproved 2012) E724 − 21
Standard Guide for
Conducting Static Acute Short-Term Chronic Toxicity Tests
Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve
1
Molluscs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E724; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the acute effects of a test material on embryos and
the resulting larvae of four species of saltwater bivalve molluscs (Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg; eastern oyster,
Crassostrea virginica Gmelin; quahog or hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria Linnaeus; and the mussel species complex (Mytilus
spp.) including the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis Linnaeus) Linnaeus; the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark;
and the Northern Bay Mussel, Mytilus trossulus Gould) during static 48-h exposures. These procedures will probably be useful for
2
conducting static acute short-term chronic toxicity tests starting with embryos of other bivalve species (1) although modifications
might be necessary.
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using procedures
appropriate to a particular species or special needs and circumstances is more important than following prescribed procedures,
results of tests conducted by using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Comparison
of results obtained by using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning
new concepts and procedures for conducting 48-h acute tests starting with embryos of bivalve molluscs.
1.3 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known
mixtures. With appropriate modifications these procedures can be used to conduct acute tests on temperature, dissolved oxygen,
and pH and on such materials as aqueous effluents (see also Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, sediments, and
surface waters. Renewal tests might be preferable to static tests for materials that have a high oxygen demand, are highly volatile,
are rapidly biologically or chemically transformed in aqueous solution, or are removed from test solutions in substantial quantities
by the test chambers or organisms during the test.
1.4 Results of acute toxicity tests with embryos of bivalve molluscs should usually be reported as the EC50 based on the total
incompletely developed and dead organisms. It might also be desirable to report the LC50 based only on death. In some situations,
it might only be necessary to determine whether a specific concentration is acutely toxic to embryos or whether the EC50 is above
or below a specific concentration.
1.5 This guide is arranged as follows:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012Jan. 15, 2021. Published December 2012March 2021. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20042012
as E74 – 98 (2004).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/E0724-98R12.10.1520/E0724-21.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this guide.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E724 − 21
Section
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Guide 4
Significance and Use 5
Hazards 6
Apparatus 7
Facilities 7.1
Construction Materials 7.2
Test Chambers 7.3
Cleaning 7.4
Acceptability 7.5
Dilution Water 8
Requirements 8.1
Source 8.2
Treatments 8.3
Characterization 8.4
Test Material 9
General 9.1
Stock Solution 9.2
Test Concentration(s) 9.3
Test Organisms 10
Species 10.1
Age 10.2
Source 10.3
Handling 10.4
Handling 10.3
Brood Stock Source and Condition 10.5
Brood Stock Source and Condition 10.4
Spawning and Fertilization 10.6
Spawning and Fertilization 10.5
Quality 10.7
Quality 10.6
Procedure 11
Experimental Design 11.1
Dissolved Oxygen 11.2
Temperature 11.3
Beginning the Test 11.4
Fe
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.