ASTM D2714-94(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Calibration and Operation of the Falex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Testing Machine
Standard Test Method for Calibration and Operation of the Falex Block-on-Ring Friction and Wear Testing Machine
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used for the calibration of a block-on-ring testing machine by measuring the friction and wear properties of a calibration fluid under the prescribed test conditions.
4.2 The user of this test method should determine to his or her own satisfaction whether results of this test procedure correlate with field performance or other bench test machines. If the test conditions are changed, wear values can change and relative ratings of fluids can be different.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the calibration and operation of a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine.
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2714 − 94 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Calibration and Operation of the Falex Block-on-Ring
Friction and Wear Testing Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2714; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the calibration and operation of 3.1 The test machine is operated using a steel test ring
a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine. rotating against a steel test block, the specimen assembly being
partially immersed in the lubricant sample. The velocity of the
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
test ring is 7.9 6 0.16 m/min (26 6 0.52 ft/min) which is
The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
equivalenttoaspindlespeedof72 61rpm.Thespecimensare
to SI units that are provided for information only.
subjected to 68 kg (150 lb) normal load applied by 6.8 kg
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(15 lb) of dead weight on the 10:1 ratio lever system. Test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
duration is 5000 cycles.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Three determinations are made: (1) The friction force
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
after a certain number of revolutions, (2) the average width of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the wear scar on the stationary block at the end of the test, and
2. Terminology (3)theweightlossforthestationaryblockattheendofthetest.
2.1 Definitions:
4. Significance and Use
2.1.1 coeffıcient of friction, µ or f—in tribology, the dimen-
sionlessratioofthefrictionforce(F)betweentwobodiestothe 4.1 This test method is used for the calibration of a
normal force (N) pressing these two bodies together. block-on-ring testing machine by measuring the friction and
wear properties of a calibration fluid under the prescribed test
µ or f 5 ~F/N! (1)
conditions.
2.1.1.1 Discussion—A distinction is often made between
static coeffıcient of friction and kinetic coeffıcient of friction.
4.2 The user of this test method should determine to his or
her own satisfaction whether results of this test procedure
2.1.2 friction force—the resisting force tangential to the
correlate with field performance or other bench test machines.
interface between two bodies when, under the action of an
If the test conditions are changed, wear values can change and
external force, one body moves or tends to move relative to the
relative ratings of fluids can be different.
other.
2.1.3 kinetic coeffıcient of friction—the coefficient of fric-
5. Apparatus
tion under conditions of macroscopic relative motion between
5.1 Falex Block-on-Ring Test Machine, shown in Fig. 1
two bodies.
and Fig. 2 and described in detail in Annex A1.
2.1.4 wear—damage to a solid surface, generally involving
progressive loss of material, due to relative motion between
NOTE 1—Consult the instruction manual for each machine to determine
respective capabilities and limitations.
that surface and a contacting substance or substances.
5.2 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest
0.1 mg.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
5.3 Measuring Magnifier Glass, with SI or inch-pound
Subcommittee D02.L0.05 on Solid Lubricants.
calibration so that the scar width can be measured with a
This test method was prepared under the joint sponsorship of the American
precision of 0.01 mm, or equivalent.
Society of Lubrication Engineers with the cooperation of the Coordinating Research
Council, Inc. (CRC) Aviation Committee on Bonded Solid-Film Lubricants.
Accepted by ASLE September 1968.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2014.PublishedJuly2014.Originallyapproved
in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2714–94(2009). DOI: Trademarked and manufactured by Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar
10.1520/D2714-94R14. Grove, IL 60554.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2714 − 94 (2014)
7.3 Place the block holder on the block and carefully place
block and holder in upper specimen holder in test chamber.
Mount the test ring on the test shaft, taking care not to touch
the test area. Tighten the test ring on the shaft with 440 N
(100 lbf) as measured on the friction force meter on the digital
instrument unit.
7.4 Place the heater door in position and fill the chamber
with test fluid to about halfway on the spindle (half of the test
ring is immersed). This volume must be measured (approxi-
mately 100 mL) and the same amount used for each test. Set
the temperature control of the oil reservoir to 43.3°C (110°F).
FIG. 1 Falex Block-On-Ring Variable Drive Testing Machine It is preferable to control the temperature of the liquid being
tested, but if the machine is not equipped with a temperature
controller indicator, then record the liquid temperature.
8. Calibration
8.1 Amachine shall be judged to be in acceptable condition
whentheresultsobtainedonthecalibrationfluidfallwithinthe
following limits:
8.1.1 Wear measurement is between 1.70 and 2.90 mm.
8.1.2 Friction force after 4500 revolutions is between 66
and 97 N (15.0 and 22.0 lbf).
9. Procedure
FIG. 2 Falex Block-On-Ring Test Machine with Microprocessor
9.1 With the revolution counter set at zero, gently place a
Data Acquisition and Control System
6.78-kg (15-lb) load on the bale rod, being very careful to
avoid shock-loading. When the fluid reaches temperature of
6. Reagents and Materials
43.3°C (110°F) start the machine and bring the speed to
6.1 Test Rings, Falex Type S-10, SAE 4620 carburized
72 rpm. Record the friction force and the temperature of the
steel, having a hardness of 58 to 63 HRC. The test ring has a
liquid at 200, 400, 600, and 4500 revolutions and check the
width of 8.15 mm (0.321 in.), a diameter of 35 mm (1.3775 in.)
speed at each of these times. Stop the machine at 5000
and a maximum radial run out of 0.013 mm (0.0005 in.). The
revolutions.Removethetestblockandtestringandcleanthem
surface roughness shall be 0.15 to 0.30 µm (6 to 12 µin.) rms.
thoroughly using solvents selected in 6.3. Remove any excess
2 3
wear particles that have accumulated on the side of the scar by
6.2 Test Blocks, Falex Type H-30, SAE 01 tool steel
brushing with a camel’s hair brush; weigh the test ring and test
having two ground test surfaces of 0.10 to 0.20 µm (4 to 8 µin.)
block to the nearest 0.1 mg and measure the width of the wear
rms. The test block has a test surface width of 6.35 mm
scar of the test block at three points: in the center and 1 mm
(0.250 in.) and a length of 15.76 mm (0.620 in.).The test block
awayfromeachedgeasshowninFig.3.Fourtestsarerequired
has a hardness of 27 to 33 HRC.
to establish a satisfactory average.
6.3 Solvents, safe, nonfilming, nonchlorinated
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2714 − 94 (Reapproved 2009) D2714 − 94 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Calibration and Operation of the Falex Block-on-Ring
Friction and Wear Testing Machine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2714; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the calibration and operation of a block-on-ring friction and wear testing machine.
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI
units that are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 coeffıcient of friction, μ or f—in tribology, the dimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between two bodies to the
normal force (N) pressing these two bodies together.
µ or f 5 F/N (1)
~ !
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.L0.05 on Solid Lubricants.
This test method was prepared under the joint sponsorship of the American Society of Lubrication Engineers with the cooperation of the Coordinating Research Council,
Inc. (CRC) Aviation Committee on Bonded Solid-Film Lubricants.
Accepted by ASLE September 1968.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009May 1, 2014. Published November 2009 July 2014. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D2714–94(2003).D2714–94(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D2714-94R09.10.1520/D2714-94R14.
2.1.1.1 Discussion—
A distinction is often made between static coeffıcient of friction and kinetic coeffıcient of friction.
2.1.2 friction force—the resisting force tangential to the interface between two bodies when, under the action of an external
force, one body moves or tends to move relative to the other.
2.1.3 kinetic coeffıcient of friction—the coefficient of friction under conditions of macroscopic relative motion between two
bodies.
2.1.4 wear—damage to a solid surface, generally involving progressive loss of material, due to relative motion between that
surface and a contacting substance or substances.
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The test machine is operated using a steel test ring rotating against a steel test block, the specimen assembly being partially
immersed in the lubricant sample. The velocity of the test ring is 7.9 6 0.16 m/min (26 6 0.52 ft/min) which is equivalent to a
spindle speed of 72 6 1 rpm. The specimens are subjected to 68 kg (150 lb) normal load applied by 6.8 kg (15 lb) of dead weight
on the 10:1 ratio lever system. Test duration is 5000 cycles.
3.2 Three determinations are made: (1) The friction force after a certain number of revolutions, (2) the average width of the wear
scar on the stationary block at the end of the test, and (3) the weight loss for the stationary block at the end of the test.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2714 − 94 (2014)
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is used for the calibration of a block-on-ring testing machine by measuring the friction and wear properties
of a calibration fluid under the prescribed test conditions.
4.2 The user of this test method should determine to his or her own satisfaction whether results of this test procedure correlate
with field performance or other bench test machines. If the test conditions are changed, wear values can change and relative ratings
of fluids can be different.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Falex Block-on-Ring Test Machine, shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 and described in detail in Annex A1.
NOTE 1—Consult the instruction manual for each machine to determine respective capabilities and limitations.
5.2 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0.1 mg.
5.3 Measuring Magnifier Glass, with SI or inch-pound calibration so that the scar width can be measured with a precision of
0.01 mm, or equivalent.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Test Rings, Falex Type S-10, SAE 4620 carburized steel, having a hardness of 58 to 63 HRC. The test ring has a width
of 8.15 mm (0.321 in.), a diameter of 35 mm (1.3775 in.) and a maximum radial run out of 0.013 mm (0.0005 in.). The surface
roughness shall be 0.15 to 0.30 μm (6 to 12 μin.) rms.
2 3
6.2 Test Blocks, Falex Type H-30, SAE 01 tool steel having two ground test surfaces of 0.10 to 0.20 μm (4 to 8 μin.) rms.
The test block has a test surface width of 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) (0.250 in.) and a length of 15.76 mm (0.620 in.). The test block has
a hardness of 27 to 33 HRC.
6.3 Solvents, safe, nonfilming, nonchlorinated.
NOTE 2—Each user should select a solvent that can meet the applicable safety standards and still thoroughly clean the parts.
6.4 Calibration Fluid, consisting of white mineral oil conforming to U. S. Pharmacopeia XVII, p. 399, and with a viscosity at
37.8°C (100°F) of 63 to 65 cSt.
7. Preparation of Apparatus
7.1 Before each test, thoroughly clean the specimen holder and chamber as well as the tapered section, threaded section, lock
nut, lock washer, a new test ring and block using solvents selected in 6.3.
7.2 Weigh each test ring and test block to the nearest 0.1 mg on the analytical balance. Then store the specimens in a desiccator
until ready for use.
7.3 Place the block holder on the block and carefully place block and holder in upper specimen holder in test chamber. Mount
the test ring on the test shaft, taking care not to touch the test area. Tighten the test ring on the shaft with 440 N (100 lbf) (100 lbf)
as measured on the friction force meter on the digital instrument unit.
Trademarked and manufactured by Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL 60554.
SAE 01 is also known as Starrett 496 or Marshall Oil-crat.
FIG. 1 Falex Block-On-Ring Variable Drive Testing Machine
D2714 − 94 (2014)
FIG. 2 Falex Block-On-Ring Test Machine with Microprocessor Data Acquisition and Control System
7.4 Place the heater door in position and fill the chamber with test fluid to about halfway on the spindle (half of the test ring
is immersed). This volume must be measured (approximately 100 mL) and the same amount used for each test. Set the temperature
control of the oil reservoir to 43.3°C (110°F). It is preferable to control the temperature of the liquid being tested, but if the machine
is not equipped with a temperature controller indicator, then record the liquid temperature.
8. Calibration
8.1 A machine shall be judged to be in acceptable condition when the results obtained on the calibration fluid fall within the
following limits:
8.1.1 Wear measurement is between 1.70 and 2.90 mm.
8.1.2
...
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