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ASTM D820-93(2003)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic Detergents

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic Detergents

ABSTRACT
These test methods detail the standard procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents. The analytical procedures include the determination of the following chemical properties and substances: moisture and other matter volatile at a specified temperature; free alkali or free acid; anhydrous, salt-free soda soap; alcohol-soluble matter; matter insoluble in water; total alkalinity of matter insoluble in alcohol (alkaline salts); sodium silicate; phosphates; phosphates by colorimetric method using molybdenum blue); unsaponified and unsaponifiable matter; free fatty matter; chlorides in alcohol-soluble matter; rosin by McNicoll method; synthetic detergent by difference; and neutral inorganic salts.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents.
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:
SectionsMoisture and Other Matter Volatile at 105°C (Oven Method)5 and 6Free Alkali or Free Acid7 and 8Anhydrous, Salt-Free, Soda Soap9-12Alcohol-Soluble Matter13 and 14Matter Insoluble in Water15Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol (Alkaline Salts)16 and 17Sodium Silicate18-20Phosphates21-28Phosphate (Colorimetric Method Using Molybdenum Blue)29-34Unsaponified and Unsaponifiable Matter35-39Free Fatty Matter40Chlorides in Alcohol-Soluble Matter41-43Rosin (McNicoll Method)44-47Synthetic Detergent (by Difference)48Neutral, Inorganic Salts49
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
16-May-1993
ICS
71.100.40 - Surface active agents
Technical Committee
D12 - Soaps and Other Detergents
Drafting Committee
D12.12 - Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D820-93 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic Detergents
Effective Date
17-May-1993
Replaced By
ASTM D820-93(2009) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic Detergents
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D459-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
Effective Date
17-May-1993
Referred By
ASTM D8179-18 - Standard Guide for Characterizing Detergents for the Cleaning of Clinically-used Medical Devices
Effective Date
17-May-1993

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ASTM D820-93(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic DetergentsASTM D820-93(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic Detergents
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ASTM D820-93(2003) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic Detergents
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D820–93(Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Methods for
Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic
1
Detergents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D820; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1768 Test Method for SodiumAlkylbenzene Sulfonate in
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical
3
Synthetic Detergents by Ultraviolet Absorption
analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents.
D2357 for Qualitative Classification of Surfactants by In-
1.2 Theanalyticalproceduresappearinthefollowingorder:
3
frared Absorption
Sections
D2358 Test Method for Separation of Active Ingredient
3
Moisture and Other Matter Volatile at 105°C (Oven Method) 5 and 6
from Surfactant and Syndet Compositions
Free Alkali or Free Acid 7 and 8
D3049 Test Method for Synthetic Anionic Ingredient by
Anhydrous, Salt-Free, Soda Soap 9-12
Cationic Titration
Alcohol-Soluble Matter 13 and 14
Matter Insoluble in Water 15
Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol (Alkaline Salts) 16 and 17
3. Terminology
Sodium Silicate 18-20
3.1 Definitions:
Phosphates 21-28
Phosphate (Colorimetric Method Using Molybdenum Blue) 29-34
3.2 The term synthetic detergent in these test methods is
Unsaponified and Unsaponifiable Matter 35-39
defined in accordance with Terminology D459, as follows:
Free Fatty Matter 40
3.3 synthetic detergent—a detergent produced by chemical
Chlorides in Alcohol-Soluble Matter 41-43
Rosin (McNicoll Method) 44-47
synthesis and comprising an organic composition other than
Synthetic Detergent (by Difference) 48
soap.
Neutral, Inorganic Salts 49
3.4 Fordefinitionsofothertermsusedinthesetestmethods,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
refer to Terminology D459.
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Purity of Reagents and Materials
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
2. Referenced Documents
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
2.1 ASTM Standards: 6
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
2 3
D216 Method for Distillation of Natural Gasoline
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
D459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
D875 Method for Calculation of Olefins and Aromatics in
accuracy of the determination.
Petroleum Distillates from Bromine Number and Acid
4.2 Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be
4 5
Absorption
understood to mean reagent water conforming to Specification
D1193.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on
Soaps and Other Detergents and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D12.12 on Analysis of Soaps and Synthetic Detergents.
Current edition approved May 17, 1993. Published July 1993. Originally
6
published as D820–45. Last previous edition D820–91. DOI: 10.1520/D0820- Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
93R03. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
2
Discontinued, see 1987 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.04. Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
4
Discontinued, see 1984 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D820–93 (2003)
MOISTURE AND OTHER MATTER VOLATILE AT
105°C (OVEN METHOD)
5. Apparatus
5.1 Dish—A porcelain or glass dish about 6 to 8 cm in
diameter and about 2 to 4 cm in depth will be required.
6. Procedure
6.1 Weigh 5 6 0.01 g of the sample in the dish, and dry to
constant weight in an air oven at a temperature of 105 6 2°C.
Constant weight is attained when heating for successive 1-h
periods shows a loss (or gain) of not more than 0.1%.
NOTE 1—Because of its established use in the trade, the term weight is
employed in t
...

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Standard Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils

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These test methods cover the chemical analysis of sulfonated and sulfated oils. Water by distillation with volatile solvent and moisture and volatile matter by hot-plate shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Titration test, extraction-titration test, and ash-gravimetric test shall be performed to meet the requirements specified. Total desulfated fatty matter, total active ingredients, unsaponifiable non-volatile matter, inorganic salts, total alkalinity, and total ammonia shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. In the absence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps test method, brine test method, and in the presence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps test method shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed. Water-immiscible organic solvents volatile with steam shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of sulfonated and sulfated oils. The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Section  
Moisture:  
Test Method A. Water by Distillation with Volatile Solvent  
4 – 9  
Test Method B. Moisture and Volatile Matter by Hot-Plate Method  
10 – 14  
Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride:  
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Sulfonates)  
25 – 28  
Total Desulfated Fatty Matter  
29 – 32  
Total Active Ingredients  
33 – 36  
Unsaponifiable Nonvolatile Matter  
37 – 41  
Inorganic Salts  
42 – 46  
Total Alkalinity  
47 – 49  
Total Ammonia  
50 – 52  
Acidity as Free Fatty Acids or Acid Number:  
Test Method A. In the Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps  
53 – 56  
Test Method B. In the Presence of Dark Colored Oils but in the
Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps (Brine Test)  
57 – 60  
Test Method C. In the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps  
61 – 63  
Water-Immiscible Organic Solvents Volatile with Steam  
64 – 70  
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ASTM D501-03(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkaline Detergents

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents. These detergents include caustic soda, soda ash, modified soda (sequicarbonate type), sodium bicarbonate, sodium metasilicate, trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, borax, and sodium triphosphate. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of the detergents: total alkalinity, matter insoluble in water content, apparent density, ignition loss, pH level, turbidity, temperature rise, and particle size. Chemical analysis of the samples shall be performed by using either reverse-flow ion-exchange chromatography or paper chromatography.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents.  
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Caustic Soda:  
Sampling  
5  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
6 – 8  
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)  
9 – 11  
Carbonate as Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)  
12  
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by the Evolution Method  
13 – 16  
Soda Ash:  
Sampling  
17  
Matter Volatile at 150 °C to 155 °C  
18 and 19  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3 )  
20 – 22  
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)  
23 – 25  
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) by Potentiometric Titration  
26 – 28  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
29 and 30  
Apparent Density  
31 and 32  
Modified Soda (Sequicarbonate Type):  
Sampling  
33  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
34 – 36  
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)  
37 – 39  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
40  
Sodium Bicarbonate:  
Sampling  
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Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate, and Free Moisture  
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Matter Insoluble in Water  
46  
Sodium Metasilicate, Sodium Sesquisilicate and Sodium Orthosil- icate:  
Sampling  
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Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
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Total Silica as SiO2  
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Sodium Metasilicate (Na2SiO3·5H2O)  
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Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na2O·2SiO2·11H2O)  
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Matter Insoluble in Water  
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Loss on Ignition of Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na2O·2SiO2 ·11H2O)  
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Trisodium Phosphate (Na3PO4) Content and Phosphorus Pentoxide (P2O5)  
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Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
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Loss on Ignition  
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Temperature Rise  
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Particle Size  
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Orthophosphate  
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These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of paste, powder, or liquid detergent fatty alkyl sulfates. The different procedure for sampling and chemical analysis of past, powder, or liquid detergent are presented and discussed in details. Distillation test, titration test, and gravimetric test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed. The calculations methods for chlorides as sodium chloride are presented in details.
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1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of paste, powder, or liquid detergent fatty alkyl sulfates.  
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Sections  
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Sections  
Ester SO3:  
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Note 1: If the transition from a distinctly cloudy to a clear solution is not sharp, that is, if it does not take place within a range of 1 °C, this test method is not appropriate.
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ASTM D820-93(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic Detergents

ABSTRACT
These test methods detail the standard procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents. The analytical procedures include the determination of the following chemical properties and substances: moisture and other matter volatile at a specified temperature; free alkali or free acid; anhydrous, salt-free soda soap; alcohol-soluble matter; matter insoluble in water; total alkalinity of matter insoluble in alcohol (alkaline salts); sodium silicate; phosphates; phosphates by colorimetric method using molybdenum blue); unsaponified and unsaponifiable matter; free fatty matter; chlorides in alcohol-soluble matter; rosin by McNicoll method; synthetic detergent by difference; and neutral inorganic salts.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents.  
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Moisture and Other Matter Volatile at 105°C (Oven Method)  
5 and 6  
Free Alkali or Free Acid  
7 and 8  
Anhydrous, Salt-Free, Soda Soap  
9 – 12  
Alcohol-Soluble Matter  
13 and 14  
Matter Insoluble in Water  
15 and 15  
Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol (Alkaline Salts)  
16 and 17  
Sodium Silicate  
18 – 20  
Phosphates  
21 – 28  
Phosphate (Colorimetric Method Using Molybdenum Blue)  
29 – 34  
Unsaponified and Unsaponifiable Matter  
35 – 39  
Free Fatty Matter  
40  
Chlorides in Alcohol-Soluble Matter  
41 – 43  
Rosin (McNicoll Method)  
44 – 47  
Synthetic Detergent (by Difference)  
48  
Neutral, Inorganic Salts  
49  
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SCOPE
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5.3 The procedure is applicable to all types of home laundry products including detergents, presoak and prespotter products, bleaches, and detergent boosters and is expected to be applicable to horizontal and vertical axis machines.  
5.4 It is not intended for the evaluation of products or conditions normally associated with commercial laundering or dry cleaning establishments.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a guide for evaluating stain removal performance of home laundry products or home laundering conditions. It provides guidance for the selection, preparation, application, and examination of various types of stains on test fabrics that are subjected to controlled but practical stain removal treatment conditions.  
1.2 There is no single combination of stain and fabric that will predict the overall performance of a product or treatment method. A single test, even with a variety of stains/fabrics, can only predict how products or treatment methods compare under the particular conditions chosen for evaluations. A series of assessments is necessary to evaluate the many aspects of stain removal performance and to simulate consumer experience more closely.  
1.3 In this guide, the use of both traditional top-loader washing machines as well as front and top-loading high-efficiency washers is addressed.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4008-19(Guide)
Standard Guide for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The guide can be used to compare anti-redeposition performance of products; however, there is no confirmed basis for correlation of this controlled laboratory technique with consumers’ ranking of anti-redeposition performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides direction for measuring the ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in standardizing specific products' performance.  
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent products will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabrics used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics, reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by agreement between the interested parties on the basis of experience.  
1.3 There is no single or combination of oily soils or particulate soils, or both, that will precisely predict overall the performance of a product or treatment with respect to anti-redeposition as perceived by a consumer. This guide is intended to assess or compare detergent performance with respect to the anti-redeposition performance for the specific soil chosen.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Guide
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