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ASTM D6892-03(2014)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Robotic Tilt Method)

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Robotic Tilt Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pour point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow characteristics, such as pour point, can be critical for the correct operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and pipeline operations.
FIG. 1 Schematic of Cooling/Heating Block and Cooling Circulating Bath  
5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the pour point.  
5.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 or 3°C intervals.  
5.4 This test method yields a pour point in a format similar to Test Method D97 or IP 15, when the 3°C interval results are reported.Note 2—Since some users may wish to report their results in a format similar to Test Method D97 or IP 15 (in 3°C intervals) the precision data were derived for the 3°C intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test Method D97 or IP 15, see the research report.  
5.5 This test method has comparable repeatability and better reproducibility relative to Test Method D97 or IP 15 as measured in the 1998 interlaboratory program (see Section 13).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pour point of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that tilts the test jar to detect movement of the surface of the test specimen with an optical device, after being removed from a regulated, stepped-bath cooling jacket.  
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of temperatures from −57 to +51°C; however, the range of temperatures included in the 1998 interlaboratory test program only covered the temperature range from −51 to −11°C.  
1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at either 1 or 3°C testing intervals.  
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.Note 1—The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on the applicability, refer to 13.4.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2013
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.07 - Flow Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6892-03(2008) - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Robotic Tilt Method)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Replaced By
ASTM D6892-03(2020) - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Robotic Tilt Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Referred By
ASTM D396-21 - Standard Specification for Fuel Oils
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM D7666-12(2019) - Standard Specification for Triglyceride Burner Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM D8240-22e1 - Standard Specification for Less-Flammable Synthetic Ester Liquids Used in Electrical Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM D8180-23 - Standard Specification for Rerefined Mineral Insulating Liquid Used in Electrical Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014

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ASTM D6892-03(2014) - Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Robotic Tilt Method)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6892 − 03 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Robotic Tilt Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6892; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Energy Institute Standard:
IP15Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pour
point of petroleum products by an automatic instrument that
3. Terminology
tilts the test jar to detect movement of the surface of the test
specimen with an optical device, after being removed from a 3.1 Definitions:
regulated, stepped-bath cooling jacket. 3.1.1 pour point, n—in petroleum products, the lowest
temperature at which movement of the test specimen is
1.2 This test method is designed to cover the range of
observed under prescribed conditions of test.
temperatures from −57 to +51°C; however, the range of
temperatures included in the 1998 interlaboratory test program 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
only covered the temperature range from −51 to −11°C. 3.2.1 no-flow point, n— in petroleum products,thetempera-
ture of the test specimen at which a wax crystal structure or
1.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at
viscosity increase, or both, impedes movement of the surface
either 1 or 3°C testing intervals.
of the test specimen under the conditions of the test.
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The no-flow point occurs when, upon
NOTE 1—The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples
cooling, the formation of wax crystal structures or viscosity
has not been verified. For further information on the applicability, refer to
increase,orboth,hasprogressedtothepointwheretheapplied
13.4.
observation device no longer detects movement under the
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
conditions of the test. The preceding observation temperature
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
at which flow of the test specimen is last observed is the pour
standard.
point.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 tilting, vt—technique of movement where the test jar
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
in a vertical position is moved towards a horizontal position to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
induce specimen movement.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—When the test jar is tilted and held in a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
horizontal position for 5 s without detection of movement of
the surface of the specimen, this is the no-flow point and the
2. Referenced Documents
test is complete.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products 4. Summary of Test Method
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
4.1 After insertion of the specimen into the automatic pour
Petroleum Products
point apparatus and initiation of the testing program, the
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
specimen is heated and then cooled according to a prescribed
Petroleum Products
profile. The specimen surface is examined periodically for
movement using an optical camera system mounted on top of
the specimen test jar, while tilting the specimen test jar. The
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on test jar is removed from the jacketed cooling chamber prior to
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
eachexamination.Thelowesttemperature,whenmovementof
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
the surface of the specimen is detected, is recorded as the pour
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published February 2014. Originally
point determined by this Test Method D6892.
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6892–03(2008).
DOI: 10.1520/D6892-03R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
the ASTM website. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6892 − 03 (2014)
FIG. 1 Schematic of Cooling/Heating Block and Cooling Circulating Bath
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Thepourpointofapetroleumproductisanindexofthe
lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications. Flow
characteristics, such as pour point, can be critical for the
correct operation of lubricating systems, fuel systems, and
pipeline operations.
5.2 Petroleum blending operations require precise measure-
ment of the pour point.
5.3 Test results from this test method can be determined at
either 1 or 3°C intervals.
5.4 This test method yields a pour point in a format similar
toTest Method D97 or IP15, when the 3°C interval results are
reported.
NOTE 2—Since some users may wish to report their results in a format
similar to Test Method D97 or IP15 (in 3°C intervals) the precision data
were derived for the 3°C intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test
Method D97 or IP15, see the research report.
FIG. 2 Picture of Apparatus
5.5 Thistestmethodhascomparablerepeatabilityandbetter
reproducibility relative to Test Method D97 or IP15 as
interface, cooling/heating block assembly with cylindrical
measuredinthe1998interlaboratoryprogram(seeSection13).
jacket with an inside diameter of 44.2 to 45.8 mm, and about
6. Apparatus
115 mm in depth to accept the test jar) robotic mechanisms for
lifting,tilting,replacingthetestjar,opticalcamerasystem,and
6.1 Automatic Apparatus —Theautomaticpourpointappa-
a temperature measuring device.
ratus described in this test method (see Fig. 2) consists of a
microprocessor controlled measuring unit that is capable of
6.2 Test Jar—Clear, cylindrical glass, flat bottom
heatingthespecimentoprogrammedtemperatures,coolingthe
(darkened), 31.5 6 0.5 mm inside diameter and 120 62mm
specimen according to programmed cooling profiles, mechani-
height with a wall thickness of 1.25 6 0.25 mm. The jar shall
cally manipulating the test jar according to the programmed
be marked with a line to indicate sample filling height
test procedure, while optically observing the surface of the
corresponding to 45 6 0.5 mL.
specimen for movement, using a camera system mounted on
6.3 Temperature Probe—Capableofmeasurementfrom+70
top of the specimen test jar and recording the temperature of
to −80°C with a resolution of 0.1°C. The temperature probe
the specimen. The apparatus shall be equipped with a user
shall be suspended in the center axis of the test jar and the top
ofthetemperaturesensingzoneimmersedbelowthesurfaceof
the specimen.
The sole source of supply of the Herzog Model MP852 or HCP852 known to
the committee at this time is Walter Herzog, Lauda, Germany. If you are aware of
6.4 Circulating Bath—Refrigeration unit, equipped with a
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
circulating pump, capable of maintaining the liquid cooling
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. medium at a temperature at least 20°C lower than the lowest
D6892 − 03 (2014)
10. Calibration and Verification
10.1 Ensure that all of the manufacturer’s instructions for
calibrating, checking, and operating the apparatus are fol-
lowed.
10.2 A sample with a well-documented pour point can be
used to verify the performance of the automatic apparatus.
Alternatively, a sample which has been extensively tested in a
pourpointcross-checkprogramcanbeused.Suchverification
materials can also be prepared from intra-company cross
checks.
11. Procedure
11.1 Fillthetestjaruptothemarkedlinewiththespecimen.
When necessary, heat the sample in a water bath or oven until
FIG. 3 Assembled Apparatus
it is just sufficiently fluid to pour into the test jar.
NOTE 3—Residual fuels have been known to be sensitive to thermal
history. In the case where a residual fuel sample is tested, refer to Test
Method D97 for sample treatment.
expected pour point to be measured. The circulating bath is
11.2 Insert the test jar into the apparatus and start the test in
connected to the automatic apparatus through suitable means accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
for supplying the liquid cooling medium.
11.3 When the expected pour point is known to be above
−33°C, preselect a starting temperature which is at least 9°C
7. Reagents and Materials
above the expected pour point, but to at least 45°C.
7.1 Bath Cooling Medium—Suitable for use in the circulat-
11.4 When the expected pour point is known to be at or
ing bath (an example is methyl alcohol-anhydrous).
below −33°C, preselect a starting temperature of 45°C.
(Warning— Flammable. Liquid causes eye burns. Vapor
11.5 When the expected pour point is not known, preselect
harmful. May be fatal or cause blindness if swallowed or
a starting temperature of 45°C. When the expected pour point
inhaled.)
is not known and the sample must be heated to allow transfer
7.2 Cleaning Solvents—Suitableforcleaninganddryingthe
into the test jar, preselect a starting temperature corresponding
test jar and temperature measuring device, such as; petroleum
to the preheat temperature. (Warning— Exercise care when
naphthaoracetone.(Warning—Flammable.Liquidcauseseye
selectingstar
...

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1.2 The statistical methodology is based on the premise that a bias correction will not be needed. In the absence of strong statistical evidence that a bias correction would result in better agreement between the two methods, a bias correction is not made. If a bias correction is required, then the parsimony principle is followed whereby a simple correction is to be favored over a more complex one.
Note 1: Failure to adhere to the parsimony principle generally results in models that are over-fitted and do not perform well in practice.  
1.3 The bias corrections of this practice are limited to a constant correction, proportional correction, or a linear (proportional + constant) correction.  
1.4 The bias-correction methods of this practice are method symmetric, in the sense that equivalent corrections are obtained regardless of which method is bias-corrected to match the othe...

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ASTM
ASTM D4175-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D86-23ae1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes.  
5.2 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.  
5.3 The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.  
5.4 Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints.  
5.5 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 30 % volume, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
Note 1: An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 % volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.2  
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.  
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.  
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilit...

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ASTM
ASTM D2425-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.  
5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D665-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrous parts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is also used for testing hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
Note 3: This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and vertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid in preventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.
Note 1: For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of chemically resistant material suitable for the type of fluid tested.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.4 – 7.6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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