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ASTM F392-93(1999)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Flex Durability of Flexible Barrier Materials

Standard Test Method for Flex Durability of Flexible Barrier Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flex resistance of flexible barrier materials. Pinhole formation is the criterion presented for measuring failure, but other tests such as gas-transmission rates can be used in place of the pinhole test.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 5.7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-1999
ICS
55.080 - Sacks. Bags
Technical Committee
F02 - Primary Barrier Packaging
Drafting Committee
F02.50 - Package Design and Development
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F392-93(2004) - Standard Test Method for Flex Durability of Flexible Barrier Materials
Effective Date
15-May-1993
Referred By
ASTM F2097-20 - Standard Guide for Design and Evaluation of Primary Flexible Packaging for Medical Products
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Referred By
ASTM F2704-17a - Standard Specification for Air-Fed Protective Ensembles
Effective Date
10-May-1999

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ASTM F392-93(1999) - Standard Test Method for Flex Durability of Flexible Barrier MaterialsASTM F392-93(1999) - Standard Test Method for Flex Durability of Flexible Barrier Materials
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ASTM F392-93(1999) - Standard Test Method for Flex Durability of Flexible Barrier Materials
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F 392 – 93 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Flex Durability of Flexible Barrier Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 392; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.3.1 Condition A— Full flex for 1 h (that is, 2700 cycles).
3.3.2 Condition B— Full flex for 20 min (that is, 900
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flex
cycles).
resistance of flexible barrier materials. Pinhole formation is the
3.3.3 Condition C— Full flex for 6 min (that is, 270 cycles).
criterion presented for measuring failure, but other tests such as
3.3.4 Condition D— Full flex for 20 cycles.
gas-transmission rates can be used in place of the pinhole test.
3.3.5 Condition E— Partial flex only for 20 cycles.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 This test method is valuable in determining the resis-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tance of flexible-packaging materials to flex-formed pinhole
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
failures.
tionary statements are given in 5.7.
4.2 This test method does not measure any abrasion com-
2. Referenced Documents ponent relating to flex failure.
4.3 Physical holes completely through the structure are the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
only failures measured by the colored-turpentine-pinhole por-
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
tion of this test. Failures in the integrity of one of the plies of
Insulating Materials for Testing
a multi-ply structure will not be determined by the colored-
D 722 Test Method for Grease Resistance of Paper
turpentine test. Gas permeation or moisture vapor transmission
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
tests, or both, can be used in conjunction with the flex test to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
measure the loss of ply integrity. However, any permeation test
3. Summary of Test Method requiring a pressure differential will not measure the perme-
ation coefficient in the presence of pinholes.
3.1 Specimens of flexible materials are flexed at standard
4.3.1 The various conditions described in this procedure are
atmospheric conditions (23°C and 50 % relative humidity),
to prevent testing a structure under conditions that either give
unless otherwise specified. Flexing conditions and number and
too many holes to effectively count and be significant (nor-
severity of flexing strokes vary with the type of structure being
mally greater than 50), or too few to be significant (normally
tested. The flexing action consists of a twisting motion fol-
less than five per sample).
lowed, in most cases, by a horizontal motion, thus, repeatedly
4.4 Measurements on nylon film, possibly because of its
twisting and crushing the film. The frequency is at a rate of 45
hydrophilic nature, have not shown good reproducibility (be-
cpm.
tween laboratories), although the repeatability of the data
3.2 Flex failure is determined by measuring the pinholes
within a laboratory was good.
formed in the structure. These pinholes are determined by
using colored turpentine and allowing it to stain through the
5. Apparatus and Reagent
holes onto a white backing. In addition, other failure criteria
5.1 Flex Tester, designed so that it can be set up in
such as gas permeation or moisture-vapor transmission can be
accordance with the specifications listed in Section 8. This
used at the discretion of the tester.
apparatus shall consist essentially of a 90-mm (3.5-in.) diam-
3.3 The various test conditions are summarized as follows:
eter stationary mandrel and a 90-mm diameter movable man-
drel spaced at a distance of 180 mm (7 in.) apart from
face-to-face at the starting position (that is, maximum distance)
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-2 on Flexible
of the stroke. Mandrels shall contain vents to prevent pressur-
Barrier Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.30 on Test
ization of samples. The specimen supporting shoulders on the
Methods.
Current edition approved May 15, 1993. Published August 1993. Originally
published as F 392 – 74. Last previous edition F 392 – 74 (1987).
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. The Gelbo Tester, which is capable of producing the prescribed flexing action,
Discontinued; see 1978 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 20. available from the United States Testing Co., Inc., 1415 Park Ave., Hoboken,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. NJ 07030, or its equivalent, has been found satisfactory for this test method.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 392
mandrels shall be 13 mm (0.5 in.) wide. The motion of the 0.875 at 15°C) add5gof anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl )
movable mandrel is controlled by a grooved shaft to which it and 1.0 g of oil-soluble red dye. Stopper the container, shake
is attached. For the full or maximum stroke the groove is well, and let stand for at least 10 h, shaking occasionally. Then
designed to give a twisting motion of 440° in the first 90 mm filter through a dry filter paper at a temperature of approxi-
of the stroke of the movable mandrel, followed by a straight mately 21°C, and store in an airtight bottle.
horizontal motion of 65 mm (2.5 in.), so that at the closed
NOTE 1—Caution: Use of these materials requires that appropriate
position the mandrels are 25 mm (1 in.) apart. The motion of
safeguards be used to avoid hazards of skin contact, inhalation, and
the machine is reciprocal with a full cycle consisting of the
flammability.
forward and return strokes. The machine operates at 45 cpm.
6. Test Specimens—All Conditions
5.1.1 Fig. 1 shows the planar evolution of the helical groove
in the driven shaft to give the required 440° (37° helix angle)
6.1 Cut the samples into 200 by 280-mm (8 by 11-in.) flat
twisting motion and the straight horizontal motion.
sheets with the 200-mm dimension in the direction to be tested.
5.1.2 For the partial flex used with Condition E the movable
This will also be in the direction of the flex-tester axis.
head is set to travel only 80 mm (3.25 in.) of the 180-mm
6.2 Flex test four specimens in their machine direction and
(7-in.) spacing. Therefore, only approximately 90 % of the
four in their transverse direction. In addition, test a control set
twisting stroke is utilized giving a twisting motion of only
of four, adjacent, unflexed specimens (either direction) for
400°, and none of the horizontal stroke is utilized.
pinholes.
5.2 Tape, flexible, double-sided, pressure-sensitive, not
6.3 Do not seal or tape the sides of the specimens, but leave
more than 13 mm (0.5 in.)
...

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SCOPE
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1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
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1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
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1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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Standard Guide for Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed X-Ray Sources

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Flash X-ray facilities provide intense bremsstrahlung radiation environments, usually in a single sub-microsecond pulse, which often fluctuates in amplitude, shape, and spectrum from shot to shot. Therefore, appropriate dosimetry must be fielded on every exposure to characterize the environment, see ICRU Report 34. These intense bremsstrahlung sources have a variety of applications which include the following:
(1) Studies of the effects of X-rays and gamma rays on materials.
(2) Studies of the effects of radiation on electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and capacitors.
(3) Computer code validation studies.  
4.2 This guide is written to assist the experimenter in selecting the needed dosimetry systems for use at pulsed X-ray facilities. This guide also provides a brief summary on how to use each of the dosimetry systems. Other guides (see Section 2) provide more detailed information on selected dosimetry systems in radiation environments and should be consulted after an initial decision is made on the appropriate dosimetry system to use. There are many key parameters which describe a flash X-ray source, such as dose, dose rate, spectrum, pulse width, etc., such that typically no single dosimetry system can measure all the parameters simultaneously. However, it is frequently the case that not all key parameters must be measured in a given experiment.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides assistance in selecting and using dosimetry systems in flash X-ray experiments. Both dose and dose rate techniques are described.  
1.2 Operating characteristics of flash X-ray sources are given, with emphasis on the spectrum of the photon output.  
1.3 Assistance is provided to relate the measured dose to the response of a device under test (DUT). The device is assumed to be a semiconductor electronic part or system.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    19 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    19 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off