ASTM D1071-83(1998)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Volumetric Measurement of Gaseous Fuel Samples
Standard Test Methods for Volumetric Measurement of Gaseous Fuel Samples
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the volumetric measuring of gaseous fuel samples, including liquefied petroleum gases, in the gaseous state at normal temperatures and pressures. The apparatus selected covers a sufficient variety of types so that one or more of the methods prescribed may be employed for laboratory, control, reference, or in fact any purpose where it is desired to know the quantity of gaseous fuel or fuel samples under consideration. The various types of apparatus are listed in Table 1.
1.2This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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e1
Designation: D 1071 – 83 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Methods for
Volumetric Measurement of Gaseous Fuel Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1071; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Correction for pressure difference equation in Table 3 was revised in May 2001.
TABLE 1 Apparatus for Measuring Gaseous Fuel Samples
1. Scope
Capacity and
1.1 These test methods cover the volumetric measuring of
Calibration
Range of Operating
Procedure
gaseous fuel samples, including liquefied petroleum gases, in
Apparatus Condi-
Covered in
the gaseous state at normal temperatures and pressures. The tions Covered in
Section No.
Section No.
apparatus selected covers a sufficient variety of types so that
Containers
one or more of the methods prescribed may be used for
Cubic-foot bottle, immersion type of 512
laboratory, control, reference, or in fact any purpose where it is
moving-tank type
desired to know the quantity of gaseous fuel or fuel samples
Portable cubic-foot standard 512
(Stillman-type)
under consideration. The various types of apparatus are listed
Fractional cubic-foot bottle 5 12
in Table 1.
Burets, flasks, and so forth, for chem- 612
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ical and physical analysis
Calibrated gasometers (gas meter 7 13-16
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
provers)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Gas meters, displacement type:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Liquid-sealed relating-drum meters 8 17-22
Diaphragm- or bellows-type meters, 923
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
equipped with observation index
Rotary displacement meters 10 24
2. Terminology Terminology and Units of Measurement
Gas meters, rate-of-flow type:
Porous plug and capillary flowmeters 11 25
2.1 Abbreviations:Units of Measurement—All measure-
Float (variable-area, constant-head) 11 25
ments shall be expressed in inch-pound units (that is: foot,
flowmeters
pound (mass), second, and degrees Fahrenheit); or metric units Orifice, flow nozzle, and venturi-type 11 25
flowmeters
(that is: metre, kilogram, second, and degrees Celsius).
2.2 Standard Conditions, at which gaseous fuel samples
shall be measured, or to which such measurements shall be
which will fill a space of 1.000 ft when under the standard
referred, are as follows:
conditions (2.2.1).
2.2.1 Inch-pound Units:
2.3.2 Standard Cubic Metre of Gas is that quantity of gas
(1) A temperature of 60.0°F,
which will fill a space of 1.000 m when under the standard
(2) A pressure of 14.73 psia.
conditions (2.2.2).
(3) Free of water vapor or a condition of complete water-
2.4 Temperature Term for Volume Reductions—For the
vapor saturation as specified per individual contract between
purpose of referring a volume of gaseous fuel from one
interested parties.
temperature to another temperature (that is, in applying
2.2.2 SI Units:
Charles’ law), the temperature terms shall be obtained by
(1) A temperature of 288.15K (15°C).
adding 459.67 to each temperature in degrees Fahrenheit for
(2) A pressure of 101.325 kPa (absolute).
the inch-pound units or 273.15 to each temperature in degrees
(3) Free of water vapor or a condition of complete water-
Celsius for the SI units.
vapor saturation as specified per individual contract between
2.5 At the present state of the art, metric gas provers and
interested parties.
meters are not routinely available in the United States.
2.3 Standard Volume:
Throughout the remainder of this procedure, the inch-pound
2.3.1 Standard Cubic Foot of Gas is that quantity of gas
units are used. Those having access to metric metering equip-
ment are encouraged to apply the standard conditions ex-
pressed in 2.2.2.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-3 on
Gaseous Fuels and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D03.01 on
NOTE 1—The SI conditions given here represent a “hard” metrication,
Collection and Measurement of Gaseous Samples.
in that the reference temperature and the reference pressure have been
Current edition approved March 25, 1983. Published May 1983. Originally
published as D 1071 – 54 T. Last previous edition D 1071 – 78a. changed. Thus, amounts of gas given in metric units should always be
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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D 1071
referred to the SI standard conditions and the amounts given in inch-pound
units should always be referred to the inch-pound standard conditions.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The knowledge of the volume of samples used in a test
is necessary for meaningful results. Validity of the volume
measurement equipment and procedures must be assured for
accurate results.
4. Apparatus
4.1 The various types of apparatus used for the measure-
ment of gaseous fuel samples may be grouped in three classes,
as shown in Table 1. References to the portions of these
methods covering the capacity and range of operating condi-
tions, and the calibration, of each type are given in Table 1.
CAPACITY OF APPARATUS AND RANGE OF
OPERATING CONDITIONS
5. Cubic-Foot Bottles, Standards, and So Forth
5.1 The capacities of cubic-foot bottles, standards, and so
forth, are indicated by their names. A portable cubic-foot
standard of the Stillman type is shown in Fig. 1 and a fractional
FIG. 2 One-Tenth Cubic Foot Bottle, Transfer Tank, and Bubble-
cubic-foot bottle is shown in Fig. 2. The temperatures and
Type Saturator for Testing Laboratory Wet Gas Meters
pressures at which these types of apparatus are used must be
very close to those existing in the room in which they are
6. Burets, Flasks, and So Forth
located. Since these containers are generally used as standards
6.1 The capacities of burets, flasks, and so forth, will depend
for the testing of other gas-measuring devices, the rate at which
upon their function in the equipment and service in which they
they may be operated is of little or no importance. It will
are to be used. The range of temperatures and pressures under
always be low, and probably nonuniform, and in any given
which they may be used, which will be affected by their
instance will be affected by the test being made and the
function, will depend upon the material of construction and
connections used.
may be relatively high (for example, 1000°F and 10 000 psi)
if suitable materials are used.
7. Calibrated Gasometers
7.1 The stock capacities of calibrated gasometers (gas meter
provers) are 2, 5, and 10 ft . The temperature and pressure at
which they can be operated must be close to the ambient
temperature and within a few inches of water column of
atmospheric pressure. The equivalent rates of flow that may be
attained, conveniently, are as follows:
3 3
Size, ft Equivalent Rate, ft of air/h
2 990
5 2250
10 5000
NOTE 2—Gasometers having volumetric capacities up to several thou-
sand cubic feet have been made for special purposes. Their use is limited
to temperatures close to the ambient temperature, although some may be
operated as pressures slightly higher than mentioned above. These large
gasometers can hardly be classed as equipment for measuring gaseous
samples, and are mentioned only for the sake of completeness.
8. Liquid-Sealed Rotating-Drum Meters
8.1 The drum capacities of commercial stock sizes of
liquid-sealed rotating-drum meters range from ⁄20 (or litre) to
3 3
7.0 ft per revolution. A 0.1-ft per revolution meter is shown
in Fig. 3. The operating capacities, defined as the volume of gas
having a specific gravity of 0.64 that will pass through the
FIG. 1 Stillman-Type Portable Cubic-Foot Standard meter in 1 h with a pressure drop of 0.3-in. water column
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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D 1071
per revolution (of the tangent arm or operating cycle). The
operating capacities, defined as the volume of gas having a
specific gravity of 0.64 that a meter will pass with a pressure
drop of 0.5 in. of water column across the meter, range from
about 20 to 1800 ft /h. Usually these meters can be operated at
rates in excess of their rated capacities, at least for short
periods. A meter having a capacity of 1 ft per revolution is
shown in Fig. 4.
9.2 The temperature range under which these meters may be
operated will depend largely upon the diaphragm material. For
leather diaphragms, 0 to 130°F is probably a safe operating
range. At very low temperatures, the diaphragms are likely to
become very stiff and cause an excessive pressure drop across
the meter. At higher temperatures, the diaphragms may dry out
rapidly or even become scorched causing embrittlement and
leaks.
9.3 The pressure range (line pressure) to which these meters
may be subjected safely will depend upon the case material and
design. For the lighter sheet metal (tin case) meters, the line
pressure should not be more than 3- or 4-in. Hg column above
or below atmospheric pressure. For use under higher or lower
line pressures, other types of meter cases are available, such as
cast aluminum alloy, cast iron, or pressed steel.
NOTE 3—The diaphragm-type test meter and the diaphragm-type con-
sumers meter are similar in most respects. The principal difference is the
type of index or counter. The test meter index has a main hand indicating
1ft per revolution over a 3-in. or larger dial, with additional smaller dials
giving readings to 999 before repeating. On the index of consumers
FIG. 3 Liquid-Sealed Rotating-Drum Gas Meter of 0.1 ft per
meters, aside from the test hand, the first dial indicates 1000 ft per
Revolution Size
revolution of its hand so that the smallest volume read is 100 ft . The
maximum reading for a consumers meter index may be 99 900 or 999 900.
3 Another minor difference is that the maximum rated capacity for the larger
across the meter, range from 5 to 1200 ft /h. Liquid-sealed
consumers meters may be 17 000 ft /h.
rotating-drum meters may be calibrated for use at any rate for
which the pressure drop across the meter does not blow the
10. Rotary Displacement Meters
meter seal. However, if the meter is to be used for metering
10.1 Rotary displacement gas meters are mentioned here
differing rates of flow, a calibration curve should be obtained,
only to have a complete coverage of meters for gas, since
as described in Section 20, or the meter should be fitted with a
meters of this type are of relatively large capacity, beyond that
rate compensating chamber (see Appendix X1).
8.2 The temperature at which these meters may be operated
will depend almost entirely upon the character of the sealing
liquid. If water is the sealing liquid, the temperature must be
above the freezing point and below that at which evaporation
will affect the accuracy of the meter indications (about 120°F).
Outside of these limits some other liquid will be required.
8.3 While the cases of most meters of this type may
withstand pressures of about 2-in. Hg column above or below
atmospheric pressure, it is recommended that the maximum
operating pressure to which they are subjected should not
exceed 1-in. Hg or 13 in. of water column. For higher
pressures, the meter case must be proportionally heavier or the
meter enclosed in a suitable pressure chamber. For pressures
more than 1-in. Hg (13 in. of water) below atmospheric
pressure, not only must a heavier case or a pressure chamber be
used, but a sealing fluid having a very low vapor pressure must
be used in place of water.
9. Diaphragm-Type Test Meters
9.1 The displacement capacities of commercial stock sizes
FIG. 4 Iron-Case Diaphragm-Type Gas Meter with Large
of diaphragm-type test meters range from about 0.05 to 2.5 ft Observation Index
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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D 1071
of sample measurement (Note 4). The rated capacities of stock and bell, the sealing fluid should be a light, low-vapor pressure
sizes range from about 4000 to about 1 000 000 ft /h. They oil. Other observations forming a part of this calibration are
may be used at somewhat higher temperatures than other those of the time intervals required for raising the bottle and
displacement meters, probably 400 to 500°F and are available bell from their respective tanks and the intervals they are held
for use under line pressures up to about 125 psi. up for drainage to take place before pressure readings are
made. From these times, corrections are determined for the
NOTE 4—It is of course possible to use a very small meter of this type
volumes of undrained liquid.
as a test or “sample” meter. See Bean, H. S., Benesh, M. E., and Whiting,
12.3 Burets, flasks, and so forth, are considered a part of the
F. C., “Testing Large-Capacity Rotary Gas Meters,” Journal of Research,
Nat. Bureau Standards, JRNBA, Vol 37, No. 3, Sept. 1946, p. 183. analytical apparatus in which they are used, and methods of
(Research Paper RP1741).
calibrating them therefore are not covered here.
NOTE 6—An outline of such methods is given in National Bureau of
11. Rate-of-Flow Meters
Standards Circular C434 NBSCA, “Testing of Glass Volumetric Appara-
11.1 Rate-of-flow meters, as the name implies, indicate rates
tus,” by E. L. Peffer and Grace C. Mulligan.
of flow, and volumes are obtained only for a definite time
interval. They are especially useful in those situations where 13. Calibration of Secondary or Working Standards
the flow is steady, but are not suited for use in the measurement
(Provers), General Considerations
of specified quantities nor on flows that are subject to wide or
13.1 Gas meter provers of 2-, 5-, and 10-ft capacity
more or less rapid variations of either rate or pressure. In the
customarily are calibrated by comparison with a cubic-foot
smaller sizes, they may be particularly useful for both regulat-
bottle or standard as described in Sections 14 and 15. The
ing and measuring continuous samples of a gaseous fuel.
procedure consists of measuring air out of or into the prover by
11.2 No definite limits can be set to the range of rate of
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