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ASTM D5770-23

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing

Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a semiquantitative estimate of the acid number of lubricating oils obtained from laboratory oxidation tests using smaller amounts of sample than Test Methods D974, D664, or D3339. It has specific application in Test Method D943 and in Test Method D4871. This test method, therefore, provides a means of monitoring the relative oxidation of lubricating oils by measuring changes in acid number, at different time intervals and under various oxidizing test conditions.  
5.2 Since this test method is semiquantitative, each laboratory shall develop its own criteria for each oxidation test method for determining when to switch from this semiquantitative test method to a more precise test method for acid number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a semiquantitative micro method intended for monitoring the changes in acidic constituents occurring in lubricating oils during oxidation testing, when the acid number of such oils falls within the range from 0.02 mg to 1.0 mg of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample. It is applicable to such oils as turbine oils, hydraulic oils, and other circulating oils.  
Note 1: This test method is a micro version of Test Method D974 and it produces results similar to that method.  
1.2 This test method is designed for use where sample size is limited. It shall not be used as a replacement for higher precision methods such as Test Methods D974 or D664. It shall not be used to monitor oils in-service.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2023
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.06 - Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D5770-23 - Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation TestingASTM D5770-23 - Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing
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ASTM D5770-23 - Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing
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REDLINE ASTM D5770-23 - Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation TestingREDLINE ASTM D5770-23 - Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing
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REDLINE ASTM D5770-23 - Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5770 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of
1
Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5770; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
by Potentiometric Titration
1.1 This test method is a semiquantitative micro method
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited
intended for monitoring the changes in acidic constituents
Mineral Oils
occurring in lubricating oils during oxidation testing, when the
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
acid number of such oils falls within the range from 0.02 mg to
Indicator Titration
1.0 mg of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample. It is
D3339 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
applicable to such oils as turbine oils, hydraulic oils, and other
by Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration
circulating oils.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
NOTE 1—This test method is a micro version of Test Method D974 and
Fuels, and Lubricants
it produces results similar to that method.
D4871 Guide for Universal Oxidation/Thermal Stability
1.2 This test method is designed for use where sample size
Test Apparatus
is limited. It shall not be used as a replacement for higher
3. Terminology
precision methods such as Test Methods D974 or D664. It shall
not be used to monitor oils in-service.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
to Terminology D4175.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for
3.2.1 acid number, n—the quantity of a specified base,
information only.
expressed in milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sample, required to titrate a sample in a specified solvent to a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specified endpoint using a specified detection system.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the acid number is
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
calculated from the number of drops required to produce a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
change in solution color from blue-green to orange, compared
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
to the number of drops required to produce an identical color
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
change using a reference standard. Because this is a direct
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
comparison method, the acid number value can be reported in
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 A 2.0 mL portion of the titration solution is titrated with
2
a sample using a dropping pipet. The number of drops of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sample required to turn the blue-green titration solution to a
persistent orange color is noted.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
4.2 A second 2.0 mL portion of the titration solution is
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.
titrated with an acid number reference solution of known acid
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally
number. The number of drops of the reference solution
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5770 – 11 (2017).
required to turn the blue-green titration solution to a persistent
DOI: 10.1520/D5770-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or orange color is noted.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.3 The estimated acid number of the sample is calculated
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. using the acid number of the reference solution and the ratio of
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Co
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5770 − 11 (Reapproved 2017) D5770 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of
1
Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5770; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method is a semiquantitative micro method intended for monitoring the changes in acidic constituents occurring in
lubricating oils during oxidation testing, when the acid number of such oils falls within the range from 0.02 mg to 1.0 mg of
potassium hydroxide per gram of sample. It is applicable to such oils as turbine oils, hydraulic oils, and other circulating oils.
NOTE 1—This test method is a micro version of Test Method D974 and it produces results similar to that method.
1.2 This test method is designed for use where sample size is limited. It shall not be used as a replacement for higher precision
methods such as Test Methods D974 or D664. It shall not be used to monitor oils in-service.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration
D3339 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4871 Guide for Universal Oxidation/Thermal Stability Test Apparatus
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017July 1, 2023. Published June 2017August 2023. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as
D5770 – 11.D5770 – 11 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/D5770-11R17.10.1520/D5770-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5770 − 23
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 acid number, n—the quantity of a specified base, expressed in milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample,
required to titrate a sample in a specified solvent to a specified endpoint using a specified detection system.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
In this test method, the acid number is calculated from the number of drops required to produce a change in solution color from
blue-green to orange, compared to the number of drops required to produce an identical color change using a reference standard.
Because this is a direct comparison method, the acid number value can be reported in milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram
of sample.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A 2.0 mL portion of the titration solution is titrated with a sample using a dropping pipet. The number of drops of sample
required to turn the blue-green titration solution to a persi
...

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Section  
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Scope  
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Referenced documents  
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Terminology  
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Summary of Test Methods  
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5  
Apparatus  
6  
General Laboratory Requirements  
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Test Oil Sample Requirements  
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Engine Assembly  
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Pressure Testing of Fuel System Assembly  
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Calibration of Engine Test Stand  
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General Requirements and Frequency of Calibration  
10.1  
Runs  
10.2  
Specified Test Parameters  
10.3  
Calibration Test Acceptance Criteria  
10.4  
Action on Rejection of Calibration Test  
10.5  
Test Numbering  
10.6  
Reference Oils  
10.7  
Severity Adjustments  
10.8  
Engine Operating Procedure  
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Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus and Installation  
6  
Intake Air System  
6.2.1  
Exhaust System  
6.2.2  
Fuel System  
6.2.3  
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Engine Oil System  
6.2.5  
Oil Heating System  
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Oil Sample Valve  
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Engine Coolant System  
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Oil Samples  
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Engine Timing  
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Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure  
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Coolant Flow  
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Fuel Injectors  
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Air Flow  
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Intake Air Barrel  
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Fuel Filter  
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Oil Scale Flow Rates  
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Extending Test Stand Calibration Period  
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Engine Break-in Procedure  
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Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus (General Description)  
6  
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End of Test Procedure  
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Final Test Report  
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Report Forms  
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Precision and Bias  
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Keywords  
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1.1.2 It may also be possible to determine additional metals such as bismuth, boron, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, potassium, titanium, etc. by this technique. However, not enough data is available to specify the precision for these latter determinations. These metals may originate into greases through contamination or as additive elements.  
1.1.3 During sample preparation, the grease samples are decomposed with a variety of acid mixture(s). It is beyond the scope of this test method to specify appropriate acid mixtures for all possible combination of metals present in the sample. But if the ash dissolution results in any visible insoluble material, the test method may not be applicable for the type of grease being analyzed, assuming the insoluble material contains some of the analytes of interest.  
1.2 Elements present at concentrations above the upper limit of the calibration curves can be determined with additional appropriate dilutions of dissolved samples and with no degradation of precision.  
1.3 The development of the technique behind this test method is documented by Fox.3  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and dete...

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ASTM
ASTM D8114-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIE Spark Ignition

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method—The data obtained from the use of this test method provide a comparative index of the fuel-saving capabilities of automotive engine oils under repeatable laboratory conditions. A BL has been established for this test to provide a standard against which all other oils can be compared. The BL oil is an SAE 20W-30 grade fully formulated lubricant. The test procedure was not designed to give a precise estimate of the difference between two test oils without adequate replication. The test method was developed to compare the test oil to the BL oil. Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485.  
5.2 Use—The Sequence VIE test method is useful for engine oil fuel economy specification acceptance. It is used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:  
5.2.1 Specification D4485.  
5.2.2 API 1509.  
5.2.3 SAE Classification J304.  
5.2.4 SAE Classification J1423.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for the measurement of the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars and light-duty trucks with gross vehicle weight 3856 kg or less. The tests are conducted using a specified spark-ignition engine with a displacement of 3.6 L (General Motors)4 on a dynamometer test stand. It applies to multi-viscosity oils used in these applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications. Additionally, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured in kilogram per kilowatt hour.  
1.3 This test method is arranged as follows:    
Subject  
Section  
Introduction  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
General  
6.1  
Test Engine Configuration  
6.2  
Laboratory Ambient Conditions  
6.3  
Engine Speed and Torque Control  
6.4  
Dynamometer  
6.4.1  
Dynamometer Torque  
6.4.2  
Engine Cooling System  
6.5  
External Oil System  
6.6  
Fuel System  
6.7  
Fuel Flow Measurement  
6.7.2  
Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to the Fuel Flow Meter  
6.7.3  
Fuel Temperature and Pressure Control to Engine Fuel Rail  
6.7.4  
Fuel Supply Pumps  
6.7.5  
Fuel Filtering  
6.7.6  
Engine Intake Air Supply  
6.8  
Intake Air Humidity  
6.8.1  
Intake Air Filtration  
6.8.2  
Intake Air Pressure Relief  
6.8.3  
Temperature Measurement  
6.9  
Thermocouple Location  
6.9.5  
AFR Determination  
6.10  
Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems  
6.11  
Exhaust Manifolds  
6.11.1  
Laboratory Exhaust System  
6.11.2  
Exhaust Back Pressure  
6.11.3  
Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Locations  
6.12  
Engine Oil  
6.12.2  
Fuel to Fuel Flow Meter  
6.12.3  
Fuel to Engine Fuel Rail  
6.12.4  
Exhaust Back Pressure  
6.12.5  
Intake Air  
6.12.6  
Intake Manifold Vacuum/Absolute Pressure  
6.12.7  
Coolant Flow Differential Pressure  
6.12.8  
Crankcase Pressure  
6.12.9  
Engine Hardware and Related Apparatus  
6.13  
Test Engine Configuration  
6.13.1  
ECU (Power Control Module)  
6.13.2  
Thermostat Block-Off Adapter Plate  
6.13.3  
Wiring Harness  
6.13.4  
Thermostat Block-Off Plate  
6.13.5  
Oil Filter Adapter Plate  
6.13.6  
Modified Throttle Body Assembly  
6.13.7  
Fuel Rail  
6.13.8  
Miscellaneous Apparatus Related to Engine Operation  
6.14  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Engine Oil  
7.1  
Test Fuel  
7.2  
Engine Coolant  
7.3  
Cleaning Materials...

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ASTM
ASTM D4175-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6082-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for High Temperature Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The tendency of oils to foam at high temperature can be a serious problem in systems such as high-speed gearing, high volume pumping, and splash lubrication. Foaming can cause inadequate lubrication, cavitation, and loss of lubricant due to overflow, and these events can lead to mechanical failure.  
5.2 Correlation between the amount of foam created or the time for foam to collapse, or both, and actual lubrication failure has not been established. Such relations should be empirically determined for foam sensitive applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the foaming characteristics of lubricating oils (specifically transmission fluid and motor oil) at 150 °C.  
1.2 Foaming characteristics of lubricating oils at temperatures up to 93.5 °C are determined by Test Method D892 or IP 146.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7549-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assesses the performance of an engine oil with respect to control of piston deposits and maintenance of oil consumption under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate deposit formation in a turbocharged, intercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with a combustion system that minimizes federally controlled exhaust gas emissions.  
5.2 The results from this test method may be compared against specification requirements to ascertain acceptance.  
5.3 The design of the test engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, needs to be considered when comparing test results against specification requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty engine test procedure under high output conditions to evaluate engine oil performance with regard to piston deposit formation, piston ring sticking and oil consumption control in a combustion environment designed to minimize exhaust emissions. This test method is commonly referred to as the Caterpillar C13 Heavy-Duty Engine Oil Test.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there are no SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Treads (NPT), and tubing sizes.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6923-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring, and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oil's deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size, or where a sole source supplier is specified.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this test method does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).  
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus and Installation  
6  
Intake Air System  
6.2.1  
Exhaust System  
6.2.2  
Fuel System  
6.2.3  
Oil Consumption System  
6.2.4  
Engine Oil System  
6.2.5  
Engine Coolant System  
6.2.6  
Engine Instrumentation  
6.2.7  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Oil Samples  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
General Engine Assembly Practices  
9.1  
Complete Engine Inspection  
9.2  
Copper Component  
9.3  
Engine Lubricant System Flush  
9.4  
Engine Piston Cooling Jet  
9.5  
Engine Measurements and Inspections  
9.6  
Cylinder Head  
9.7  
Valve Guide Bushings  
9.8  
Fuel Injector  
9.9  
Piston and Rings  
9.10  
Cylinder Liner  
9.11  
Compression Ratio  
9.12  
Engine Timing  
9.13  
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure  
9.14  
Calibration and Standardization  
10  
Test Cell Instrumentation  
10.1  
Instrumentation Standards  
10.2  
Coolant Flow  
10.3  
Fuel Injectors  
10.4  
Air Flow  
10.5  
Intake Air Barrel  
10.6  
Fuel Filter  
10.7  
Oil Scale Flow Rates  
10.8  
Test Stand Calibration  
10.9  
Re-calibration Requirements  
10.9.1  
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period  
10.9.2  
Test Run Numbering  
10.10  
Humidity Calibration Requirements  
10.11  
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters  
10.12  
Procedure  
11  
Engine Break-in Procedure  
11.1  
Cool-down Procedure  
11.2  
Warm-up Procedure  
11.3  
Shutdowns and Lost Time  
11.4  
Periodic Measurements  
11.5  
Engine Control Systems  
11.6  
Engine Coolant  
11.6.1  
Engine Fuel System  
11.6.2  
Engine Oil Temperature  
11.6.3  
Exhaust Pressure  
11.6.4  
Intake Air  
11.6.5  
Post-Test Procedures  
11.7  
Piston Ring Side Clearances  
11.7.1  
Piston Ratings  
11.7.2  
Ring Gap End Increase  
11.7.3  
Cylinder Liner Wear  
11.7.4  
Cylinder Liner Bore Polish  
11.7.5  
Photographs  
11.7.6  
Calculation and Interpretation of Results  
12  
Test Validity  
12.1  
Calculations  
12.4  
Quality Index  
12.4.1  
Oil Consumption  
12.4.2  
Report  
13  
Form...

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ASTM
ASTM D8111-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIH, Spark-Ignition Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection against oil thickening and piston deposits during moderately high-speed, hightemperature service.  
5.1.1 The increase in kinematic viscosity of the oil indicates the tendency of an oil to thicken because of oxidation. In automotive service, such thickening can cause oil pump starvation and resultant catastrophic engine failures.  
5.1.2 The deposit ratings for an oil indicate the tendency for the formation of deposits throughout the engine, including those that can cause sticking of the piston rings in their grooves. In automotive service, such ring sticking can cause a loss of compression pressures in the engine.  
5.2 The test method was developed to correlate with oils of known good and poor protection against oil thickening and piston deposits. Specially formulated oils that produce less than desirable results with unleaded fuels were also used during the development of this test.  
5.3 The Sequence IIIH engine oil test has been recommended as a replacement for the Sequence IIIG test and is expected to be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:  
5.3.1 Specification D4485.  
5.3.2 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2104.  
5.3.3 SAE Classification J183.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening (as measured by kinematic viscosity increase), piston deposits, ring sticking, oil consumption, and phosphorus retention. Such oils include both single-viscosity and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines.  
1.1.1 Additionally, with nonmandatory supplemental requirements, a Sequence IIIHA Test (Mini Rotary Viscometer and Cold Cranking Simulator measurements), or a Sequence IIIHB Test (phosphorus retention measurement) can be conducted. These supplemental test procedures are contained in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2, respectively.
Note 1: Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions:  
1.2.1.1 Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing sizes, and valve sizes and springs.
1.2.1.2 The ring end gaps in Table A8.7, the dimensions for the blowby ventilation support bracket in Fig. A3.2, and the torque wrenches in Table A8.1 are in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 6.11.6, 7.1, 7.2.1, and 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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