ASTM G73-10
(Practice)Standard Test Method for Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus
Standard Test Method for Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Erosion Environments—This test method may be used for evaluating the erosion resistance of materials for service environments where solid surfaces are subjected to repeated impacts by liquid drops or jets. Occasionally, liquid impact tests have also been used to evaluate materials exposed to a cavitating liquid environment. The test method is not intended nor applicable for evaluating or predicting the resistance of materials against erosion due to solid particle impingement, due to “impingement corrosion” in bubbly flows, due to liquids or slurries “washing” over a surface, or due to continuous high-velocity liquid jets aimed at a surface. For background on various forms of erosion and erosion tests, see Refs (1) through (7). Ref (6) is an excellent comprehensive treatise.
Discussion of Erosion Resistance—Liquid impingement erosion and cavitation erosion are, broadly speaking, similar processes and the relative resistance of materials to them is similar. In both, the damage is associated with repeated, small-scale, high-intensity pressure pulses acting on the solid surface. The precise failure mechanisms in the solid have been shown to differ depending on the material, and on the detailed nature, scale, and intensity of the fluid-solid interactions (Note 1). Thus, “erosion resistance” should not be regarded as one precisely-definable property of a material, but rather as a complex of properties whose relative importance may differ depending on the variables just mentioned. (It has not yet been possible to successfully correlate erosion resistance with any independently measurable material property.) For these reasons, the consistency between relative erosion resistance as measured in different facilities or under different conditions is not very good. Differences between two materials of say 20 % or less are probably not significant: another test might well show them ranked in reverse order. For bulk materials such as metals and structural plastics, the range of...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers tests in which solid specimens are eroded or otherwise damaged by repeated discrete impacts of liquid drops or jets. Among the collateral forms of damage considered are degradation of optical properties of window materials, and penetration, separation, or destruction of coatings. The objective of the tests may be to determine the resistance to erosion or other damage of the materials or coatings under test, or to investigate the damage mechanisms and the effect of test variables. Because of the specialized nature of these tests and the desire in many cases to simulate to some degree the expected service environment, the specification of a standard apparatus is not deemed practicable. This test method gives guidance in setting up a test, and specifies test and analysis procedures and reporting requirements that can be followed even with quite widely differing materials, test facilities, and test conditions. It also provides a standardized scale of erosion resistance numbers applicable to metals and other structural materials. It serves, to some degree, as a tutorial on liquid impingement erosion.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: G73 − 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG73;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E92TestMethodforVickersHardnessofMetallicMaterials
3
(Withdrawn 2010)
1.1 This test method covers tests in which solid specimens
E140Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship
are eroded or otherwise damaged by repeated discrete impacts
Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell
of liquid drops or jets. Among the collateral forms of damage
Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-
considered are degradation of optical properties of window
scope Hardness, and Leeb Hardness
materials, and penetration, separation, or destruction of coat-
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ings. The objective of the tests may be to determine the
ASTM Test Methods
resistance to erosion or other damage of the materials or
E179Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for
coatings under test, or to investigate the damage mechanisms
Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties
and the effect of test variables. Because of the specialized
of Materials
natureofthesetestsandthedesireinmanycasestosimulateto
G1Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
some degree the expected service environment, the specifica-
sion Test Specimens
tionofastandardapparatusisnotdeemedpracticable.Thistest
G32Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory
method gives guidance in setting up a test, and specifies test
Apparatus
andanalysisproceduresandreportingrequirementsthatcanbe
G40Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
followed even with quite widely differing materials, test
G134Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by Cavi-
facilities, and test conditions. It also provides a standardized
tating Liquid Jet
scale of erosion resistance numbers applicable to metals and
4
2.2 Military Standards:
other structural materials. It serves, to some degree, as a
MIL-C-83231Coatings, Polyurethane, Rain Erosion Resis-
tutorial on liquid impingement erosion.
tance for Exterior Aircraft and Missile Plastic Parts
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
MIL-P-8184Plastic Sheet, Acrylic, Modified
standard.The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for
information.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 See Terminology G40 for definitions of terms that are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
notdefinedbelowineither3.2or3.3.Definitionsappearin3.2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that are taken from Terminology G40 for important terms
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
related to the title, Scope, or Summary of this test method.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Definitions of Terms Specific to this Test Method are given in
3.3 that are not in Terminology G40.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 Definitions:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.1 AlldefinitionslistedbelowarequotedfromTerminol-
D1003Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance
ogy G40–05 (some modified).
of Transparent Plastics
3.2.2 cumulative erosion-time curve, n—in cavitation and
impingement erosion, a plot of cumulative erosion versus
cumulative exposure duration, usually determined by periodic
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear
interruption of the test and weighing of the specimen. This is
and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.10 on Erosion by
the primary record of an erosion test. Most other
Solids and Liquids.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as G73–04. DOI:
3
10.1520/G0073-10. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.astm.org.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
the ASTM website. dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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G73−10
characteristics, such as the incubation period, maximum ero- It reflects variations in test conditions not accounted for b
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:G73–04
Standard Practice for Liquid Impingement Erosion
TestingDesignation:G73–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG73;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice test method covers tests in which solid specimens are eroded or otherwise damaged by repeated discrete
impacts of liquid drops or jets.Among the collateral forms of damage considered are degradation of optical properties of window
materials, and penetration, separation, or destruction of coatings. The objective of the tests may be to determine the resistance to
erosion or other damage of the materials or coatings under test, or to investigate the damage mechanisms and the effect of test
variables. Because of the specialized nature of these tests and the desire in many cases to simulate to some degree the expected
service environment, the promulgationspecification of a method standard apparatus is not deemed practicable. This practicetest
method gives guidance in setting up a test, and specifies test and analysis procedures and reporting requirements that can be
followed even with quite widely differing materials, test facilities, and test conditions. It also provides a standardized scale of
erosion resistance numbers applicable to metals and other structural materials. It serves, to some degree, as a tutorial on liquid
impingement erosion.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for
information.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
E92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials
E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness,
Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, and Scleroscope Hardness
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
G32 Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
G134
G134 Test Method for Erosion of Solid Materials by a Cavitating Liquid Jet
3
2.2 Military Standards:
MIL-C-83231 Coatings, Polyurethane, Rain Erosion Resistance for Exterior Aircraft and Missile Plastic Parts
MIL-P-8184 Plastic Sheet, Acrylic, Modified
1
This practice test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G02 on Wear and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.10 on Erosion
by Solids and Liquids.
Current edition approved NovApril 1, 2004.2010. Published November 2004.May 2010. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 19982004 as
G73–98.G73–04. DOI: 10.1520/G0073-104.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G73–10
3. Terminology
3.1 See Terminology G40 for definitions of terms that are not defined below in either 3.2 or 3.3. . Definitions appear in 3.2
quotes definitions, taken from Terminology that are taken from Terminology G40 , for important terms related to the title, Scope,
or Summary of this practice. for important terms related to the title, Scope, or Summary of this test method. Definitions of Terms
Specific to this Test Method are given in 3.3 gives definitions of terms specific to this practice that are not in Terminol
...
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