ASTM D2132-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials
Standard Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Method—It is possible that electrical insulation in service will fail as a result of tracking, erosion, or a combination of both, if exposed to high relative humidity and contamination environments. This is particularly true of organic insulations in outdoor applications where the surface of the insulation becomes contaminated by deposits of moisture and dirt, for example, coal dust or salt spray. This test method is an accelerated test that simulates extremely severe outdoor contamination. It is believed that the most severe conditions likely to be encountered in outdoor service in the United States will be relatively mild compared to the conditions specified in this test method.
Test Results—Materials can be classified by this test method as tracking-resistant, tracking-affected, or tracking-susceptible. The exact test values for these categories as they apply to specific uses will be specified in the appropriate material specifications, but guideline figures are suggested in Note 4. Tracking-resistant materials, unless erosion failure occurs first, have the potential to last many hundreds of hours (Note 5). Erosion, though it is possible that it will progress laterally, generally results in a failure perpendicular to the specimen surface. Therefore, compare only specimens of the same nominal thickness for resistance to tracking-induced erosion. Estimate the extent of erosion from measurements of the depth of penetration of the erosion. Place materials that are not tracking-susceptible in three broad categorieserosion-resistant, erosion-affected, and erosion-susceptible. When the standard thickness specimen is tested, the following times to failure typify the categories (Note 6):
Erosion-susceptible5 to 50 h Erosion-affected50 to 200 h Erosion-resistantover 200 h
Note 4—Tracking-susceptible materials usually fail within 5 h. Tracking-affected materials usually fail before about 100 h.
Note 5—This information is derived from the individual experiences of ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate solid electrical insulating materials with respect to their resistance to the action of electric arcs produced by conduction through surface films of a specified contaminant containing moisture. Test Methods and D2303 are also useful to evaluate materials.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard, except in cases where SI units are more appropriate. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 12.4.
Note 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2132 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical
1
Insulating Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2132; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 For definitions pertinent to this test method see Ter-
minology D1711.
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate solid elec-
trical insulating materials with respect to their resistance to the
4. High Voltage Hazard
action of electric arcs produced by conduction through surface
4.1 Lethal voltages are a potential hazard during the perfor-
films of a specified contaminant containing moisture. Test
mance of this test. It is essential that the test apparatus, and all
Methods D2302 and D2303 are also useful to evaluate mate-
associated equipment electrically connected to it, be properly
rials.
designed and installed for safe operation.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard,
4.2 Solidly ground all electrically conductive parts which it
exceptincaseswhereSIunitsaremoreappropriate.Thevalues
is possible for a person to contact during the test.
in parentheses are for information only.
4.3 Provide means for use at the completion of any test to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ground any parts which were at high voltage during the test or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
have the potential for acquiring an induced charge during the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
test or retaining a charge even after disconnection of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
voltage source.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in 12.4.
4.4 Thoroughly instruct all operators as to the correct
procedures for performing tests safely.
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
4.5 When making high voltage tests, particularly in com-
2. Referenced Documents
pressed gas or in oil, it is possible for the energy released at
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
breakdown to be sufficient to result in fire, explosion, or
D709 Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials
rupture of the test chamber. Design test equipment, test
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
chambers, and test specimens so as to minimize the possibility
D2302 Method of Test for Differential Wet Tracking Resis-
of such occurrences and to eliminate the possibility of personal
tance of Electrical Insulating Materials with Controlled
injury.
3
Water-to-Metal Discharges (Withdrawn 1982)
NOTE 2—If the potential for fire exists, have fire suppression equipment
D2303 Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-
available.
Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials
5. Summary of Test Method
3. Terminology
5.1 With electrodes mounted as shown in Fig. 1, coat test
3.1 Definitions:
specimens with a synthetic dust and test in a chamber shown in
Fig. 2. Direct a water spray at the test specimen. After the
surface has been wetted, apply a 60-Hz voltage between the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
electrodes.Arcingoccursacrosslocalizedhigh-resistanceareas
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D09.07 on Electrical Insulating Materials.
produced by nonuniform evaporation of the water from the
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published February 2012. Originally
contaminant. These arcs produce high temperatures in the
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2132 – 11. DOI:
underlying insulation with resultant carbonization of most
10.1520/D2132-12.
2
organic materials. The carbonization concentrates the electric
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
field. It is possible further carbonization will occur in the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
direction of the field. In such cases, a carbon track is formed
the ASTM website.
3
which spans the distance between the electrodes and causes
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. failure. It is possible that materials that do not track will erode
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2132 − 12
6. Significance and Use
6.1 Method—It is possible that e
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D2132–11 Designation: D2132 – 12
Standard Test Method for
Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical
1
Insulating Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2132; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate solid electrical insulating materials with respect to their resistance to the action
of electric arcs produced by conduction through surface films of a specified contaminant containing moisture.Test Methods D2302
and D2303 may also be used to evaluate materials. are also useful to evaluate materials.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard, except in cases where SI units are more appropriate. The values in
parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 12.4.
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D709 Specification for Laminated Thermosetting Materials
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D2302 Method of Test for Differential Wet Tracking Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials with Controlled Water-to-
3
Metal Discharges
D2303 Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions pertinent to this test method see Terminology D1711.
4. High Voltage Hazard
4.1 Lethal voltages are a potential hazard during the performance of this test. It is essential that the test apparatus, and all
associated equipment electrically connected to it, be properly designed and installed for safe operation.
4.2 Solidly ground all electrically conductive parts which it is possible for a person to contact during the test.
4.3 Provide means for use at the completion of any test to ground any parts which were at high voltage during the test or have
the potential for acquiring an induced charge during the test or retaining a charge even after disconnection of the voltage source.
4.4 Thoroughly instruct all operators as to the correct procedures for performing tests safely.
4.5 When making high voltage tests, particularly in compressed gas or in oil, it is possible for the energy released at breakdown
to be sufficient to result in fire, explosion, or rupture of the test chamber. Design test equipment, test chambers, and test specimens
so as to minimize the possibility of such occurrences and to eliminate the possibility of personal injury.
NOTE 2—If the potential for fire exists, have fire suppression equipment available. See section 12.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.18 on Solid Insulations, Non-Metallic Shieldings and Coverings for Electrical and Telecommunication Wires and Cables.
Current edition approved April 15, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2132–03. DOI:
10.1520/D2132-11.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published February 2012. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2132–11. DOI:
10.1520/D2132-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2132 – 12
5. Summary of Test Method
5.1 With electrodes mounted as shown in Fig. 1, coat test specimens with a synthetic dust and test in a chamber shown in Fig.
2. Direct a water spray at the test specimen. After the surface has been wetted, apply a 60-Hz voltage b
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.