ASTM D3053-22

Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2022
• ICS: 01.040.83 - Rubber and plastics industries (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 83.040.20 - Rubber compounding ingredients
• Technical Committee: D24 - Carbon Black
• Drafting Committee: D24.41 - Carbon Black Nomenclature and Terminology

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3053 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Carbon Black
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1937 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Mass
Strength
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of
D2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries.
Number (OAN)
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in
D2663 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rub-
other readily available sources are not included.
ber
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
D3265 Test Method for Carbon Black—Tint Strength
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Micros-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
copy
D5230 Test Method for Carbon Black—Automated Indi-
2. Referenced Documents
vidual Pellet Hardness
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: D6556 Test Method for Carbon Black—Total and External
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and
Surface Area by Nitrogen Adsorption
Attrition D6602 Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental
D1510 Test Method for Carbon Black—Iodine Adsorption Particulate, or Both
Number
D7854 Test Method for Carbon Black-Void Volume at Mean
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distri- Pressure
bution
D8178 Terminology Relating to Recovered Carbon Black
D1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour Den- (rCB)
sity 3
2.2 ISO Standard:
D1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
ISO 14044 Environmental management – Life cycle assess-
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
ment – Requirements and guidelines
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—
Transmittance of Toluene Extract
3. Terminology
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in
3.1 Definitions:
Rubber Products
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
Shipments DISCUSSION—The spheroidal primary particles of carbon black are
fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Ship-
morphology.
ments
carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily composed
of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion or
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing as aggre-
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon Black
gates of aciniform morphology which are composed of
Nomenclature and Terminology.
spheroidal primary particles which exhibit uniformity of
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D3053 – 20a. DOI:
10.1520/D3053-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
the ASTM website. Switzerland, https://www.iso.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D3053 − 22
4
DISCUSSION—Target values for carbon black properties are shown in
primary particle sizes within a given aggregate and tur-
Classification D1765 for most rubber grade carbon blacks currently in
bostratic layering within the primary particles.
commerce.
DISCUSSION—Carbon black exhibits a hierarchy of morphological
features: particles (that is, primary particles), aggregates, and agglom-
carbon black, thermal, n—a type of carbon black produced
erates. While the fundamental building block of carbon black is the
under controlled conditions by the thermal decomposition of
primary particle, they almost never exist in isolation, but are strongly
4
hydrocarbons in the absence of air or flames.
fus
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3053 − 20a D3053 − 22
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Carbon Black
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries. Terms
that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Attrition
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
D1510 Test Method for Carbon Black—Iodine Adsorption Number
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distribution
D1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour Density
D1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—Transmittance of Toluene Extract
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged Shipments
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Shipments
D1937 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Mass Strength
D2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
D2663 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rubber
D3265 Test Method for Carbon Black—Tint Strength
D3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Microscopy
D5230 Test Method for Carbon Black—Automated Individual Pellet Hardness
D6556 Test Method for Carbon Black—Total and External Surface Area by Nitrogen Adsorption
D6602 Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or
Both
D7854 Test Method for Carbon Black-Void Volume at Mean Pressure
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon Black
Nomenclature and Terminology.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020Sept. 1, 2022. Published November 2020October 2022. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as
D3053 – 20.D3053 – 20a. DOI: 10.1520/D3053-20A.10.1520/D3053-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3053 − 22
D8178 Terminology Relating to Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 14044 Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and guidelines
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
DISCUSSION—
The spheroidal primary particles of carbon black are fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform morphology.
carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily composed of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion or
thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing as aggregates of aciniform morphology which are composed of spheroidal
4
primary particles which exhibit uniformity of primary particle sizes within a given aggregate and turbostratic layering within
the primary particles.
DISCUSSION—
Carbon black exhibits a hierarchy of morphological features: particles (that is, primary particles), aggregates, and agglomerates. While the fundamental
4
building block of carbon black is the primary particle, they almost never exist in isolation, but are strongly fused by covalent bonds into aggregates.
The primary particles are conceptual in nature, in that once the aggregate is formed the primary particle no longer exists, they are no long
...