ASTM D6494-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphalt Fume Particulate Matter in Workplace Atmospheres as Benzene Soluble Fraction
Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphalt Fume Particulate Matter in Workplace Atmospheres as Benzene Soluble Fraction
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt fume particulate matter(as benzene soluble fraction) and total particulate matter weight in workplace atmospheres using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter methodology.
1.2 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method 5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in 1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to reduce the level of background contamination providing better reproducibility.
1.3 This procedure is compatible with high flow rate personal sampling equipment-0.5 to 2.0 L/min. It can be used for personnel or area monitoring.
1.4 The sampling method develops a time-weighted average (TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term exposure limit (STEL).
1.5 The applicable concentration range for the TWA sample is from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/m3.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see Section .
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Designation: D 6494 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Asphalt Fume Particulate Matter in
Workplace Atmospheres as Benzene Soluble Fraction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope NIOSH 5042 Benzene —Soluble Fraction and Total Par-
ticulate (Asphalt Fume)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt
fume particulate matter(as benzene soluble fraction) and total
3. Terminology
particulate matter weight in workplace atmospheres using a
3.1 Definitions:
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter methodology.
3.1.1 asphalt fume particulate matter—particulate matter
1.2 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method
generated during the processing of hot asphalt.
5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in
3.1.2 For definitions of terms relating to this test method,
1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to
refer to Terminology D 1356.
reduce the level of background contamination providing better
reproducibility.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This procedure is compatible with high flow rate per-
4.1 A known volume of sample air is passed through a
sonal sampling equipment–0.5 to 2.0 L/min. It can be used for
PTFE filter. Asphalt fumes are removed from the air stream by
personnel or area monitoring.
deposition on the filter.
1.4 The sampling method develops a time-weighted average
4.2 The asphalt fume is extracted with a known volume of
(TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term
benzene. The benzene extract is then evaporated to dryness in
exposure limit (STEL).
a vacuum oven. The benzene soluble fraction (BSF) is then
1.5 The applicable concentration range for the TWA sample
3 determined gravimetrically.
is from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/m .
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Asphalt is a material used in the construction of roads
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and as a roofing material and sealant.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 This test method provides a means of evaluating expo-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific
sure to asphalt fume in the working environment at the
precautionary statements, see Section 9.
presently recommended exposure guidelines.
5.2.1 The threshold limit value (TLV) for asphalt (petro-
2. Referenced Documents
leum) fumes is 5 mg/m 8-h TWA, (1998 Threshold Limit
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Values and Biological Exposure Indices, ACGIH ).
D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
2 5.3 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method
Atmospheres
5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in
2.2 Occupational Safety and Health Administration
3 1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to
(OSHA) Methods
reduce the level of background contamination providing better
OSHA 58 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
reproducibility.
2.3 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) Methods
6. Interferences
NIOSH 5023 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
6.1 All materials (not just asphalt fume) collected that are
soluble in benzene will be included in the benzene soluble
1 fraction weight.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-22 on
6.2 Changes in temperature or humidity during pre- and
Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Committee
D22.04 on Workplace Atmospheres.
post-collection weighing may affect accuracy.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Salt Lake
Technical Ctr., 1781 S. 300 W., Salt Lake City, UT 84115.
4 5
Available from National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincin- Available from American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists,
nati, OH. 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati, OH 45202.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 6494
7. Apparatus overnight). Slowly release vacuum. Remove weighing boats
and reweigh. The vacuum oven should be vented into a fume
7.1 Sampling Apparatus:
hood to prevent release of benzene vapors into the work area.
7.1.1 Filter Sampling Cassette—A sampling cassette is a
8.2 Dichloromethane—HPLC grade.
two-piece opaque filter cassette containing a 37 mm pure PTFE
filter with 2 μm pore size seated upon a 37 mm PTFE spacer
9. Safety Precautions
ring. PTFE filters should be preweighed (see 11.2.2) and the
cassette labeled prior to use.
9.1 Benzene is a known carcinogen and flammable. Dichlo-
7.1.1.1 To accurately determine low levels of asphalt fumes, romethane is a known animal carcinogen. Dichloromethane
a low background PTFE filter is required. Filter blank values
can cause nausea and central nervous system effects. Dermal
should be checked prior to use. A minimum of three filters from contact can cause irritation and burns. Handling of benzene and
each lot of filters should be analyzed for benzene soluble
methylene chloride solutions should be done in an appropriate
contamination (see 11.2.3) prior to use. fume hood.
9.2 Avoid inhalation of, or skin contact with benzene,
NOTE 1—Only filters with average background contamination below
asphalt extracts and methylene chloride. Impervious gloves
0.06 mg should be used.
should be worn to minimize the potential for skin contact. See
7.1.2 Personal Sampling Pumps,, portablebattery operated,
MSDS for additional hazard and handling information.
equipped with a flow-monitoring device (rotameter, critical
orifice) or a constant-flow device and capable of drawing 2
10. Calibration
L/min of air through the 2-μm PTFE filter for a period of 8 h.
10.1 Air Sampling Pumps—All air sampling pumps must be
7.2 Analytical Equipment:
calibrated before use. For an accurate calibration, attach filters
7.2.1 Balance, electronic capable of measuring 0.01 mg.
to be used for collecting the samples to the pump prior to the
7.2.2 Polonium Antistatic Strip.
calibration. Calibration may be effected by drawing air through
7.2.3 Desiccator.
a calibrated rotameter or through a soap bubble flowmeter.
7.2.4 Tube Heater Block.
Pumps should be calibrated at a flow rate of 0.5 to 2.0 L/min.
7.2.5 Concentrator Tubes,10mL.
10.2 Balance—Check balance calibration and adjust per
7.2.6 Gas Sparge Manifold, for nitrogen blow down of
manufacturer’s recommendations.
extracts.
7.2.7 Vacuum Oven.
NOTE 4—Use of a standard 100 mg weight is recommended.
7.2.8 Filtration Unit, containing disposable 0.5 μm PTFE
11. Procedure
filter and syringe fitting.
7.2.9 Aluminum Weighing Cups, disposable or reusable
11.1 Air Sampling:
weighing cups capable of holding at least 1 mL of benzene
11.1.1 Remove end plugs from opaque sampling cassette.
without leakage.
Place an identifying label on the cassette.
11.1.2 Attach the sampling device to a sample pump that
NOTE 2—PTFE may be used if appropriate aluminum cups cannot be
obtained. has been calibrated at 0.5 to 2.0 L/min using rubber or plastic
tubing. Place the back of the sampling device closest to the
7.2.9.1 If reusable weighing cups are used, appropriate
pump.
cleaning procedures must be employed to ensure no cross
11.1.3 For a breathing zone sample, fasten the sampling
contamination from sample to sample.
pump to the worker’s clothing and attach the inlet of the
7.2.10 Pasteur Pipes, disposable, glass, or equivalent.
sampling device as close as possible to the worker’s breathing
7.2.11 Miscellaneous Borosilicate Glassware (Pipets, Sy-
zone. (Warning—Ensure that the presence of the sampling
ringes, and so forth)—All pipets and syringes shall be cali-
equipment is not a safety hazard to the worker.)
brated Class A volumetric glassware.
11.1.4 Turn on the pump that has previously been adjusted
8. Reagents and calibrated in 10.1. Record the start time, end time,
sampling location, sampling rate, pump number, and other
8.1 Benzene—HPLC grade or equivalent with evaporation
pertinent sample information.
residue of <0.0005 %.
NOTE 5—Typically samples are collected for8hat2 L/min.
NOTE 3—Benzene evaporation residue should be checked by evaporat-
ing 6.5 mL of benzene (see 8.1.1). Benzene with evaporation residue of
11.1.5 Check the pump periodically to ensure that it is still
greater than 0.03 mg for the 6.5 mL is unacceptable.
running and within acceptable limits.
8.1.1 Add the
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