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ASTM D2972-15(2023)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Arsenic in Water

Standard Test Methods for Arsenic in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Herbicides, insecticides, and many industrial effluents contain arsenic and are potential sources of water pollution. Arsenic is significant because of its adverse physiological effects on humans.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods2 cover the photometric and atomic absorption determination of arsenic in most waters and wastewaters. Three test methods are given as follows:    
Concentration
Range  
Sections  
Test Method A—Silver Diethyldithio-
carbamate Colorimetric  
5 μg/L to 250 μg/L  
7 to 16  
Test Method B—Atomic Absorption,
Hydride Generation  
1 μg/L to 20 μg/L  
17 to 26  
Test Method C—Atomic Absorption,
Graphite Furnace  
5 μg/L to 100 μg/L  
27 to 36  
1.2 The analyst should direct attention to the precision and bias statements for each test method. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 11.1 and 20.2.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2023
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2972-15 - Standard Test Methods for Arsenic in Water
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM D1129-13(2020)e2 - Standard Terminology Relating to Water
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM D1129-13(2020)e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Water
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Referred By
ASTM D4691-17 - Standard Practice for Measuring Elements in Water by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM D4382-18 - Standard Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM F1581-08(2020) - Standard Specification for Composition of Anorganic Bone for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM D1971-16(2021)e1 - Standard Practices for Digestion of Water Samples for Determination of Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption, Plasma Emission Spectroscopy, or Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Referred By
ASTM D8006-16 - Standard Guide for Sampling and Analysis of Residential and Commercial Water Supply Wells in Areas of Exploration and Production (E&P) Operations
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023

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ASTM D2972-15(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Arsenic in Water
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2972 − 15 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Arsenic in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods cover the photometric and atomic
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
absorption determination of arsenic in most waters and waste-
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
waters. Three test methods are given as follows:
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Concentration Sections
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
Range
Test Method A—Silver Diethyldithio- 5 μg ⁄L to 250 μg ⁄L 7 to 16 D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing Process
carbamate Colorimetric
Streams
Test Method B—Atomic Absorption, 1 μg ⁄L to 20 μg/L 17 to 26
D3919 Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by
Hydride Generation
Test Method C—Atomic Absorption, 5 μg ⁄L to 100 μg/L 27 to 36
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Graphite Furnace
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
1.2 The analyst should direct attention to the precision and
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
bias statements for each test method. It is the user’s responsi-
D5673 Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively
bility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of
Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry
untested matrices.
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
Materials by Spectrophotometry
tion only and are not considered standard.
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
refer to Terminology D1129.
For specific hazard statements, see 11.1 and 20.2.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.1 total recoverable arsenic, n—a descriptive term relat-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ing to the arsenic forms recovered in the acid-digestion
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
procedure specified in these test methods.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Some organic-arsenic compounds,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
such as phenylarsonic acid, disodium methane arsonate, and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. dimethylarsonic acid, are not recovered completely during the
digestion step.
4. Significance and Use
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
4.1 Herbicides, insecticides, and many industrial effluents
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
contain arsenic and are potential sources of water pollution.
Constituents in Water.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
Arsenic is significant because of its adverse physiological
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2972 – 15. DOI:
effects on humans.
10.1520/D2972-15R23.
2
Similar to that appearing in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
3
and Wastewater, 12th edition, APHA, Inc., New York, NY, 1965; and identical with For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
that in Brown, E., Skougstad, M. W., and Fishman, M. J., “Methods for Collection contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Analysis of Water Samples for Dissolved Minerals and Gases,” Techniques of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, 1970, p. 46. the ASTM website.
...

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4.1 Most waters rarely contain more than trace concentrations of cobalt from natural sources. Although trace amounts of cobalt seem to be essential to the nutrition of some animals, large amounts have pronounced toxic effects on both plant and animal life.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable cobalt in water and wastewater 2 by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Three test methods are included as follows:    
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Standard Test Methods for Beryllium in Water

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4.1 These test methods are significant because the concentration of beryllium in water must be measured accurately in order to evaluate potential health and environmental effects.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable beryllium in most waters and wastewaters:    
Concentration
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Standard Test Methods for Selenium in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In most natural waters selenium concentrations seldom exceed 10 μg/L. However, the runoff from certain types of seleniferous soils at various times of the year can produce concentrations as high as several hundred micrograms per litre. Additionally, industrial contamination can be a significant source of selenium in rivers and streams.  
4.2 High concentrations of selenium in drinking water have been suspected of being toxic to animal life. Selenium is a priority pollutant and all public water agencies are required to monitor its concentration.  
4.3 These test methods determine the dominant species of selenium reportedly found in most natural and wastewaters, including selenities, selenates, and organo-selenium compounds.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable selenium in most waters and wastewaters. Both test methods utilize atomic absorption procedures, as follows:    
Sections  
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5.1 A rapid and routine procedure for determining biomass of the living microorganisms in cultures, waters, wastewaters, and in plankton and periphyton samples taken from surface waters is frequently of vital importance. However, classical techniques such as direct microscope counts, turbidity, organic chemical analyses, cell tagging, and plate counts are expensive, time-consuming, or tend to underestimate total numbers. In addition, some of these methods do not distinguish between living and nonliving cells.  
5.2 This test method measures the concentration of cellular-ATP present in the sample. ATP is a constituent of all living cells, including bacteria, algae, protozoa, and fungi. Consequently, the presence of cellular-ATP is an indicator of total metabolically active microbial contamination in water. ATP is not associated with matter of non-biological origin.  
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ASTM D5615-23(Practice)
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1.1 This practice covers determination of the operating characteristics of home reverse osmosis devices using standard test conditions. It does not necessarily determine the characteristics of the devices operating on natural waters.  
1.2 This practice is applicable for spiral-wound devices.  
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5.2 It is important to avoid over-chlorination in order to minimize chemical consumption, meet restrictions specified by regulatory agencies, and minimize equipment degradation.
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1.1 This practice provides a means of estimating the quantity of chlorine required to be added to a unit volume of water to accomplish a predetermined treatment objective or to completely react with all chlorine reactable substances in the water, or both.  
1.2 Temperature, pH, and initial chlorine dosage are all variables in estimating the optimum chlorination practice. The effects of these variables can be evaluated using this practice.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Trace Uranium in Water by Pulsed-Laser Phosphorimetry

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5.1 This test method is useful for the analysis of total uranium in water following wet-ashing, as required, due to impurities or suspended materials in the water.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of total uranium, by mass concentration, in water within the calibrated range of the instrument, 0.1 μg/L or greater. Samples with uranium mass concentrations above the laser phosphorimeter dynamic range are diluted to bring the concentration to a measurable level.  
1.2 This test method was used successfully with reagent water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Hardness in Colored and Colorless Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hardness salts in water, notably calcium and magnesium, are the primary cause of tube and pipe scaling, which frequently causes failures and loss of process efficiency due to clogging or loss of heat transfer, or both.  
5.2 Hardness is caused by any polyvalent cations, but those other than Ca+2 and Mg+2 are seldom present in more than trace amounts. The term hardness was originally applied to water in which it was hard to wash; it referred to the soap-wasting properties of water. With most normal alkaline water, these soap-wasting properties are directly related to the calcium and magnesium content.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of hardness in water by titration with potentiometric detection via optical sensor. This test method is applicable to waters that are free of chemicals that will complex calcium or magnesium. The lower detection limit of this test method is approximately 2 mg/L to 5 mg/L as CaCO3; the upper limit can be extended to all concentrations by sample dilution. It is possible to differentiate between hardness due to calcium ions and that due to magnesium ions by this test method.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to both colorless and colored water samples including groundwater, surface water, wastewater, and drinking water.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D7574-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Bisphenol A in Environmental Waters by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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5.1 The first reported synthesis of BPA was by the reaction of phenol with acetone by Zincke.4 BPA has become an important high volume industrial chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastic and resins are used in numerous products including electrical and electronic equipment, automobiles, sports and safety equipment, reusable food and drink containers, electrical laminates for printed circuit boards, composites, paints, adhesives, dental sealants, protective coatings and many other products.5  
5.2 The environmental source of BPA is predominantly from the decomposition of polycarbonate plastics and resins. BPA is not classified as bio-accumulative by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and will biodegrade. BPA has been reported to have adverse effects in aquatic organisms and may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels through landfill leachate and POTW effluents. This method has been investigated for use with surface water and secondary and tertiary POTW effluent samples therefore, it is applicable to these matrices only. It has not been investigated for use with salt water or solid sample matrices.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) extracted from water utilizing solid phase extraction (SPE), separated using liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). BPA is qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This test method adheres to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry.  
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