ASTM C940-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
Standard Test Method for Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for determining the expansion and bleeding characteristics of freshly mixed fluid hydraulic cement grout commonly used in PA concrete and cementitious post-tensioning tendon grouts.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C940 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for
1
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C940; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
1.1 This test method determines the amount of expansion
Terminology C125 and Terminology C219.
and accumulation of bleed water at the surface of freshly mixed
hydraulic-cement grout commonly used in the production of
4. Summary of Test Method
preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete and cementitious post-
tensioning tendon grouts.
4.1 Grout is placed in a graduated cylinder. Changes in total
volume and accumulation of bleed water, if any, on the surface
1.2 It is for use with hydraulic cement grout whether or not
of the grout are observed over a period of time.
it includes fine aggregate or supplemental cementitious mate-
rials or both.
5. Significance and Use
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5.1 This test method is useful for determining the expansion
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
and bleeding characteristics of freshly mixed fluid hydraulic
standard.
cement grout commonly used in PA concrete and cementitious
post-tensioning tendon grouts.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6. Interferences
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
6.1 Failure to obtain a uniformly smooth mixture, free of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
lumps, will cause excessive bleeding and may result in reduced
expansion.
2. Referenced Documents
6.2 The capability of most admixtures to produce expansion
2
and the tendency to bleed is related to the temperature of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag- grout during the period of test.
gregates
7. Apparatus
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inor-
ganic Cements
7.1 Glass Graduate, 1000 mL and meeting the requirements
C937 Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-
of Specification E1272 Style I or III TC.
Aggregate Concrete
7.2 Glass Graduate, 25 mL and meeting the requirements of
C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly
Specification E1272 Style I or III TC.
Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
7.3 Temperature Measuring Device, meeting the require-
E1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylin-
ments of Test Method C1064/C1064M.
ders
8. Test Sample
1 8.1 The grout test sample shall consist of approximately
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 1500 mL and shall be representative of the grout in the mixer.
C09.41 on Hydraulic Cement Grouts.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally
9. Procedure
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as C940–16. DOI:
10.1520/C0940-22.
9.1 When sampling and testing are being performed in the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
laboratory for the purpose of designing or comparing mixtures
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
or for qualifying admixtures including grout fluidifiers proceed
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. in the following manner:
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C940 − 22
9.1.1 Maintain the ambient temperature of the room in V 2 V
2 g
Bleeding, % 5 × 100 at prescribed intervals (2)
which the test is performed at 23.0 °C 6 2 °C, unless other- V
1
wise specified.
V 2 V
2 1
Combined Expansion, % 5 × 100 (3)
9.1.2 Bring the temperature of all dry materials and mixing
V
1
water to a constant temperature of 23.0 °C 6 2 °C before
V
w
mixing, unless otherwise specified.
Final bleeding, % 5 × 100 (4)
V
1
9.1.3 Start volume measurements within 3 min of comple-
tion of mixing. where:
V = volume of specimen at beginning of test, mL,
9.2 When sampling and
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C940 − 16 C940 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for
1
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C940; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the amount of expansion and accumulation of bleed water at the surface of freshly mixed
hydraulic-cement grout commonly used in the production of preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete and cementitious post-tensioning
tendon grouts.
1.2 It is for use with hydraulic cement grout whether or not it includes fine aggregate or supplemental cementitious materials or
both.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety
safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inorganic Cements
C937 Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
E1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylinders
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology C125 and Terminology C219.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Grout is placed in a graduated cylinder. Changes in total volume and accumulation of bleed water, if any, on the surface of
the grout are observed over a period of time.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.41 on
Hydraulic Cement Grouts.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016Oct. 1, 2022. Published March 2016October 2022. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20102016 as
C940–10a.–16. DOI: 10.1520/C0940-16.10.1520/C0940-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C940 − 22
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is useful for determining the expansion and bleeding characteristics of freshly mixed fluid hydraulic cement
grout commonly used in PA concrete and cementitious post-tensioning tendon grouts.
6. Interferences
6.1 Failure to obtain a uniformly smooth mixture, free of lumps, will cause excessive bleeding and may result in reduced
expansion.
6.2 The capability of most admixtures to produce expansion and the tendency to bleed is related to the temperature of the grout
during the period of test.
7. Apparatus
7.1 Glass Graduate, 1000 mL and meeting the requirements of Specification E1272 Style I or III TC.
7.2 Glass Graduate, 25 mL and meeting the requirements of Specification E1272 Style I or III TC.
7.3 Temperature Measuring Device, meeting the requirements of Test Method C1064/C1064M.
8. Test Sample
8.1 The grout test sample shall consist of approximately 1500 mL and shall be representative of the grout in the mixer.
9. Procedure
9.1 When sampling and testing are being performed in the laboratory for the purpose of designing or comparing mixtures or for
qualifying admixtures including grout fluidifiers proceed in the following manner:
9.1.1 Maintain the ambient temperature of the room in which the test is performed at 23.0 6 2°C,23.0 °C 6 2 °C, unless otherwise
specified.
9.1.2 Bring the temperature of all dry materials and mixing water to a constant temperature of 23.0 6 2°C23.0 °C 6 2 °C before
mixing, unless otherwise specified.
9.1.3 Start volume measurements within 3 min of completion of mixing.
9.2 When sampling and te
...
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