ASTM D2791-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for On-line Determination of Sodium in Water
Standard Test Method for On-line Determination of Sodium in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Sodium is a pervasive contaminant and it is the first cation to break through deionization equipment. This test method allows measurement of micrograms per litre (parts per billion) concentrations of sodium in water to monitor low-sodium water sources for indications of contamination or proper operation. Applications include monitoring makeup systems, condensers, condensate polishers, feedwater, boilerwater, and steam.
4.2 This test method is more sensitive and selective than conductivity measurements on high purity samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the on-line determination of trace amounts of sodium in water using an ion-selective electrode.
1.2 This test method is based on on-line application of the sodium ion electrode as reported in the technical literature (1-3).2 It is generally applicable over the range of 0.01 to 10 000 μg/L.
1.3 The analyst should be aware that adequate collaborative data for precision and bias statements as required by Practice D2777 are not provided. See Section 16 for details.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 6.
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Designation: D2791 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
On-line Determination of Sodium in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2791; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.1 This test method covers the on-line determination of
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
trace amounts of sodium in water using an ion-selective
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
electrode.
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
1.2 This test method is based on on-line application of the
D3864 Guide for On-Line Monitoring Systems for Water
sodium ion electrode as reported in the technical literature
Analysis
2
(1-3). It is generally applicable over the range of 0.01 to
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
10 000 µg/L.
D5540 Practice for Flow Control and Temperature Control
for On-Line Water Sampling and Analysis
1.3 The analyst should be aware that adequate collaborative
data for precision and bias statements as required by Practice
3. Terminology
D2777 are not provided. See Section 16 for details.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only.
4. Significance and Use
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Sodium is a pervasive contaminant and it is the first
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cation to break through deionization equipment. This test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
method allows measurement of micrograms per litre (parts per
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
billion) concentrations of sodium in water to monitor low-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sodium water sources for indications of contamination or
For specific hazard statements see Section 6.
proper operation. Applications include monitoring makeup
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
systems, condensers, condensate polishers, feedwater,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
boilerwater, and steam.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 4.2 This test method is more sensitive and selective than
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical conductivity measurements on high purity samples.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Reagents and Materials
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
3
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
4
teeonAnalyticalReagentsoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.
In many instances, reagent grade chemicals contain higher
1 levels of sodium contamination than are compatible with this
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
test method. It must be ascertained that the reagent is of
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
accuracy of the determination.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published February 2013. Originally
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2791 – 07. DOI:
10.1520/D2791-13.
2 4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American
this test method. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2791 − 07 D2791 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
On-line Determination of Sodium in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2791; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the on-line determination of trace amounts of sodium in water using an ion-selective electrode.
2
1.2 This test method is based on on-line application of the sodium ion electrode as reported in the technical literature (1-3).
It is generally applicable over the range of 0.01 to 10 000 μg/L.
1.3 The analyst should be aware that adequate collaborative data for precision and bias statements as required by Practice D2777
are not provided. See Section 16 for details.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3864 Guide for On-Line Monitoring Systems for Water Analysis
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D5540 Practice for Flow Control and Temperature Control for On-Line Water Sampling and Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1129.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Sodium is a pervasive contaminant and it is the first cation to break through deionization equipment. This test method allows
measurement of micrograms per litre (parts per billion) concentrations of sodium in water to monitor low-sodium water sources
for indications of contamination or proper operation. Applications include monitoring makeup systems, condensers, condensate
polishers, feedwater, boilerwater, and steam.
4.2 This test method is more sensitive and selective than conductivity measurements on high purity samples.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007Jan. 1, 2013. Published February 2007 February 2013. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 20012007
as D2791 – 93D2791 – 07.(2001). DOI: 10.1520/D2791-07.10.1520/D2791-13.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this test method.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2791 − 13
5. Reagents and Materials
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
4
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society. In many
instances, reagent grade chemicals contain higher levels of sodium contamination than are compatible with this test method. It must
be ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
5.2 Purity of Water— Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
to Specification D1193, Type I. In addition, the sodium or potassium content shall not exceed 10 μg/L (10 ppb) or 1 % of the lowest
concentration to be determined
...
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