ASTM D6494-99(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphalt Fume Particulate Matter in Workplace Atmospheres as Benzene Soluble Fraction
Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphalt Fume Particulate Matter in Workplace Atmospheres as Benzene Soluble Fraction
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Asphalt is a material used in the construction of roads and as a roofing material and sealant.
This test method provides a means of evaluating exposure to asphalt fume in the working environment at the presently recommended exposure guidelines.
The threshold limit value (TLV) for asphalt (petroleum) fumes is 5 mg/m3 8-h TWA, (1998 Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, ACGIH ).
This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method 5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in 1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to reduce the level of background contamination providing better reproducibility.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt fume particulate matter (as benzene soluble fraction) and total particulate matter weight in workplace atmospheres using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter methodology.
1.2 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method 5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in 1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to reduce the level of background contamination providing better reproducibility.
1.3 This procedure is compatible with high flow rate personal sampling equipment–0.5 to 2.0 L/min. It can be used for personal or area monitoring.
1.4 The sampling method develops a time-weighted average (TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term exposure limit (STEL).
1.5 The applicable concentration range for the TWA sample is from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/m3.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6494 − 99(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Asphalt Fume Particulate Matter in
Workplace Atmospheres as Benzene Soluble Fraction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA)
Methods
1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt
OSHA Method 58 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
fume particulate matter (as benzene soluble fraction) and total
2.3 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
particulate matter weight in workplace atmospheres using a
(NIOSH) Manual of Analytical Methods
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter methodology.
NIOSH Method 5023 Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
1.2 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method
NIOSH Method 5042 Benzene —Soluble Fraction andTotal
5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in
Particulate (Asphalt Fume)
1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to
reduce the level of background contamination providing better
3. Terminology
reproducibility.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This procedure is compatible with high flow rate per-
3.1.1 asphalt fume particulate matter—particulate matter
sonal sampling equipment–0.5 to 2.0 L/min. It can be used for
generated during the processing of hot asphalt.
personal or area monitoring.
3.1.2 For definitions of terms relating to this test method,
1.4 Thesamplingmethoddevelopsatime-weightedaverage
refer to Terminology D1356.
(TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term
exposure limit (STEL). 4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A known volume of sample air is passed through a
1.5 The applicable concentration range for the TWAsample
is from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/m . PTFE filter.Asphalt fumes are removed from the air stream by
deposition on the filter.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 4.2 The asphalt fume is extracted with a known volume of
standard. benzene. The benzene extract is then evaporated to dryness in
a vacuum oven. The benzene soluble fraction (BSF) is then
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
determined gravimetrically.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Asphalt is a material used in the construction of roads
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific
and as a roofing material and sealant.
precautionary statements, see Section 9.
5.2 This test method provides a means of evaluating expo-
2. Referenced Documents
sure to asphalt fume in the working environment at the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
presently recommended exposure guidelines.
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
5.2.1 The threshold limit value (TLV) for asphalt (petro-
Atmospheres
leum) fumes is 5 mg/m 8-h TWA, (1998 Threshold Limit
Values and Biological Exposure Indices, ACGIH ).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Committee D22.04
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200
´1
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6494 - 99 (2004) . Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http://www.osha.gov.
DOI: 10.1520/D6494-99R10. AvailablefromNationalInstituteforOccupationalSafetyandHealth(NIOSH),
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Cincinnati, OH. http://www.cdc.gov
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Inc. (ACGIH), 1330 Kemper Meadow Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45240, http://
the ASTM website. www.acgih.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6494 − 99 (2010)
5.3 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method 8. Reagents
5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in
8.1 Benzene—HPLC grade or equivalent with evaporation
1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to
residue of <0.0005 %.
reduce the level of background contamination providing better
NOTE 3—Benzene evaporation residue should be checked by evaporat-
reproducibility.
ing 6.5 mL of benzene (see 8.1.1). Benzene with evaporation residue of
greater than 0.03 mg for the 6.5 mL is unacceptable.
6. Interferences
8.1.1 Add the benzene to a concentrator tube, place the tube
6.1 All materials (not just asphalt fume) collected that are
in the heater block with a gentle flow of nitrogen. Evaporate
soluble in benzene will be included in the benzene soluble
the benzene to approximately 0.5 mL, then transfer the
fraction weight.
concentrate with 3 small rinses of approximately 0.2, 0.2, and
0.1 mL of benzene using a precleaned Pasteur pipet to a
6.2 Changes in temperature or humidity during pre- and
preweighedweighingboat.Letstandinalaboratoryfumehood
post-collection weighing may affect accuracy.
for 1 h. Transfer the weighing boat to a vacuum oven. Allow
the sample to further evaporate in the vacuum oven at ambient
7. Apparatus
temperature and 20 to 25 mm Hg vacuum for 24 h (or at least
7.1 Sampling Apparatus:
overnight). Slowly release vacuum. Remove weighing boats
7.1.1 Filter Sampling Cassette—A sampling cassette is a
and reweigh. The vacuum oven should be vented into a fume
two-pieceopaquefiltercassettecontaininga37mmpurePTFE
hood to prevent release of benzene vapors into the work area.
filter with 2 µm pore size seated upon a 37 mm PTFE spacer
8.2 Dichloromethane—HPLC grade.
ring. PTFE filters should be preweighed (see 11.2.2) and the
cassette labeled prior to use.
9. Safety Precautions
7.1.1.1 Toaccuratelydeterminelowlevelsofasphaltfumes,
9.1 Benzene is a known carcinogen and flammable. Dichlo-
a low background PTFE filter is required. Filter blank values
romethane is a known animal carcinogen. Dichloromethane
shouldbecheckedpriortouse.Aminimumofthreefiltersfrom
can cause nausea and central nervous system effects. Dermal
each lot of filters should be analyzed for benzene soluble
contactcancauseirritationandburns.Handlingofbenzeneand
contamination (see 11.2.3) prior to use.
methylene chloride solutions should be done in an appropriate
NOTE 1—Only filters with average background contamination below
fume hood.
0.06 mg should be used.
9.2 Avoid inhalation of, or skin contact with benzene,
7.1.2 Personal Sampling Pumps, portable, battery-operated,
asphalt extracts and methylene chloride. Impervious gloves
equipped with a flow-monitoring device (rotameter, critical
should be worn to minimize the potential for skin contact. See
orifice) or a constant-flow device and capable of drawing 2
MSDS for additional hazard and handling information.
L/min of air through the 2-µm PTFE filter for a period of 8 h.
10. Calibration
7.2 Analytical Equipment:
10.1 Air Sampling Pumps—All air sampling pumps must be
7.2.1 Balance, electronic capable of measuring 0.01 mg.
calibrated before use. For an accurate calibration, attach filters
7.2.2 Polonium Antistatic Strip.
to be used for collecting the samples to the pump prior to the
7.2.3 Desiccator.
calibration.Calibrationmaybeeffectedbydrawingairthrough
7.2.4 Tube Heater Block.
a calibrated rotameter or through a soap bubble flowmeter.
7.2.5 Concentrator Tubes, 10 mL.
Pumps should be calibrated at a flow rate of 0.5 to 2.0 L/min.
7.2.6 Gas Sparge Manifold, for nitrogen blow down of
10.2 Balance—Check balance calibration and adjust per
extracts.
manufacturer’s recommendations.
7.2.7 Vacuum Oven.
7.2.8 Filtration Unit, containing disposable 0.5 µm PTFE NOTE 4—Use of a standard 100 mg weight is recommended.
filter and syringe fitting.
11. Procedure
7.2.9 Aluminum Weighing Cups, disposable or reusable
weighing cups capable of holding at least 1 mL of benzene 11.1 Air Sampling:
11.1.1 Remove end plugs from opaque sampling cassette.
without leakage.
Place an identifying label on the cassette.
NOTE 2—PTFE may be used if appropriate aluminum cups cannot be
11.1.2 Attach the sampling device to a sample pump that
obtained.
has been calibrated at 0.5 to 2.0 L/min using rubber or plastic
7.2.9.1 If reusable weighing cups are used, appropriate
tubing. Place the back of the sampling device closest to the
cleaning procedures must be employed to ensure no cross
pump.
contamination from sample to sample.
11.1.3 For a breathing zone sample, fasten the sampling
7.2.10 Pasteur Pipes, dispos
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