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ASTM D6618-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method is designed to relate to high-speed, supercharged diesel engine operation and, in particular, to the deposit control characteristics and antiwear properties of diesel crankcase lubricating oils.
The test method is useful for the evaluation of diesel engine oil quality and crankcase oil specification acceptance. This test method, along with others, defines the minimum performance level of the API categories CF and CF-2 (detailed information about passing limits for these categories is included in Specification D 4485). It is also used in MIL-PRF-2104.
The results are significant only when all details of the procedure are followed. The basic engine used in this test method has a precombustion chamber (as compared to direct injection) and is most useful in predicting performance of engines similarly equipped. This factor should be considered when extrapolating test results. It has been found useful in predicting results with high sulfur fuels (that is, greater than 0.5 wt %) and with certain preemission controlled engines. It has also been found useful when correlated with deposit control in two-stroke cycle diesel engines.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a four-stroke cycle diesel engine test procedure for evaluating engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, particularly ring sticking, ring and cylinder wear, and accumulation of piston deposits. Such oils include both single viscosity SAE grade and multiviscosity SAE grade oils used in diesel engines. It is commonly known as the 1M-PC test (PC for Pre-Chamber) and is used in several API oil categories, notably the CF and CF-2 and the military category described in MIL-PRF-2104 (see Note 0).Note 0
Companion test methods used to evaluate other engine oil performance characteristics for API oil categories CF and CF-2 are discussed in SAE J304. The companion tests used by the military can be found in MIL-PRF-2104.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or other units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This test method is arranged as follows:

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2005
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.02 - Heavy Duty Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6618-04 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D6618-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine
Effective Date
15-Oct-2008

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ASTM D6618-05 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test EngineASTM D6618-05 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine
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ASTM D6618-05 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6618 – 05
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle
1
Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method can be used by any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance.
2
However,theASTMTestMonitoringCenter(TMC) providesreferenceoilsandanassessmentofthe
test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By this means, the laboratory will know whether
their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained by other laboratories.
Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking
qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S.Army imposes such a requirement,
in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratoriesthatchoosenottousethoseservicesmaysimplyignorethoseportionsofthetestmethod
that refer to the TMC.
ThistestmethodmaybemodifiedbymeansofInformationLettersissuedbytheTMC.Inaddition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method.
1. Scope system shall be used independently of the other, without
combining values in any way.
1.1 This test method covers a four-stroke cycle diesel
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
engine test procedure for evaluating engine oils for certain
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
high-temperature performance characteristics, particularly ring
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sticking, ring and cylinder wear, and accumulation of piston
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
deposits.SuchoilsincludebothsingleviscositySAEgradeand
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
multiviscosity SAE grade oils used in diesel engines. It is
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:
commonlyknownasthe1M-PCtest(PCforPre-Chamber)and
TABLE OF CONTENTS
is used in severalAPI oil categories, notably the CF and CF-2
Scope 1
and the military category described in MIL-PRF-2104 (see
Reference Documents 2
Note 1).
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
NOTE 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate other engine oil
Significance and Use 5
performance characteristics for API oil categories CF and CF-2 are Apparatus 6
Test Engine 6.1
discussed in SAE J304. The companion tests used by the military can be
Engine Accessories 6.2-6.14
found in MIL-PRF-2104.
Engine Oil System 6.15
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or other units are to Cooling System 6.16
Fuel System 6.17
be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in
Intake Air System 6.18
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Exhaust System 6.19
Blowby Meter 6.20
Thermocouples 6.21
1
Parts 6.22
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Instrumentation 6.23
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Crankcase Paint 6.24
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants. The test engine sequences were originally
Reagents and Materials 7
developed in 1956 by ASTM Committee D02. Subsequently, the procedures were
Fuel 7.1
published in an ASTM Special Technical Publication.
Test Oil 7.2
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originally
Engine Coolant 7.3
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6618–04.
Cleaning Materials 7.4
2
ASTMTestMonitoringCenter,6555PennAvenue,Pittsburgh,PA15206-4489.
The TMC issues Information Letters that supplement this test method. This edition
incorporates revisions contained in all information letters through No. 05-1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6618–05
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Safety 8
Preparation of Apparatus 9
Closed Cup Tester
Supplementary Service Information 9.1
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
General Engine Inspection 9.2
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from
Intake Air System 9.3
Cooling System 9.4
Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
Engine Cooling System Cleaning 9.5
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
Instrumentation Calibration Requirements 9.6
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
Engine Crankcas
...

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ASTM D6792-23c(Practice)
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Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration

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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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90 % Distillation Point, °C (°F)  
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1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
Note 1: These limits are imposed since the precision of this test method has been determined only up to or within the range of these bromine numbers.  
1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.  
1.3 For petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures of bromine number less than 1.0, a more precise measure for bromine-reactive constituents can be obtained by using Test Method D2710. If the bromine number is less than 0.5, then Test Method D2710 or the comparable bromine index methods for industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, Test Methods D1492 or D5776 must be used in accordance with their respective scopes. The practice of using a factor of 1000 to convert bromine number to bromine index is not applicable for these lower values of bromine number.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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ASTM D2983-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants using a Rotational Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.3 Procedures A, B, C, and D of this test method describe how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques that extrapolated experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
Note 1: Low temperature viscosity values obtained by either interpolation or extrapolation of oils may be subject to errors caused by gelation and other forms of non-Newtonian response to spindle speed and torque.  
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1.4.1 The viscosity data used for the precision studies for Procedures A, B, and C covered a range from 300 mPa·s to 170 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –12 °C, –26 °C, and –40 °C. Appendix X5 includes precision data for –55 °C test temperature and includes samples with viscosities greater 500 000 mPa·s.  
1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
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5.1 This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion.  
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Note 1: Optimol Instruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow SRVI/II-machines to operate with 1600 N, if needed.  
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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
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1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
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  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
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  • Standard
    9 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
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  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off