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ASTM E2951-13

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Community Emergency Preparedness for Persons with Disabilities

Standard Guide for Community Emergency Preparedness for Persons with Disabilities

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides recommendations for the local or regional AHJ to use in dealing with persons with disabilities who reside within their area of responsibility or jurisdiction. It provides information that can support development of procedures and protocols in preparing for the impact of emergencies on persons with disabilities, and it includes recommendations addressing such actions as:  
4.1.1 Notification—Alerts and warnings for the general public of a pending emergency, and any additional provisions that may be necessary to assure that persons with disabilities are able to receive the message(s).  
4.1.2 Communications—Information dissemination to the community, including provisions for persons with disabilities so that they are able to receive and respond.  
4.1.3 Preparation—Ensuring that the community knows about the risks and dangers inherent in emergencies and the necessity for personal planning.  
4.1.4 Action and Mitigation—Steps that should be taken when an emergency becomes imminent, and planning in advance how to minimize its impact on the community.  
4.1.5 Evacuation—The process of relocating to a safer area to avoid or lessen the risks associated with an emergency. Generally, evacuation actions are initiated or recommended by local emergency management officials.  
4.1.6 Transportation—Transportation applies to all persons who need to evacuate or relocate in advance of or during an emergency. It may include transportation on his or her own, through a neighbor, a volunteer who can assist, or public conveyances that can be used in an emergency.  
4.1.7 Accommodation—Designated centers or shelters that the local citizens can use in an emergency, and any additional provisions that are made for addressing the needs of those with disabilities.  
4.1.8 Relocation—Facilities where residents can evacuate to before and during an emergency. It may also provide temporary lodging for residents following an event if their homes are in an unsafe area...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to be used by an Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) to initiate preparedness efforts that address issues that the disability community have faced in past emergencies and systematically coupling them with methodologies that will help communities enhance their chances for survival.  
1.2 This guide does not purport to address all of the elements necessary to prepare for an emergency. It is the responsibility of the user (AHJ) of this guide to establish applicable protocols, procedures, systems, and other means to support the health, safety, and well being of persons with disabilities.  
1.3 This guide is intended to provide templates for applicable protocols, procedures, systems, and other mechanisms to promote an integrated approach in local “preparedness” efforts for persons with disabilities. It is intended to complement the planning and preparedness efforts of local emergency responders—Emergency Management Agencies (EMAs) and Offices of Emergency Management (OEM)—for persons with disabilities.  
1.4 This guide is not intended to supersede or replace extant Federal, Tribal, State, or local policies, regulations, laws, or criteria, or standards and guides produced by any other entity, such as the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).  
1.5 This guide is intended for an AHJ, whether a governmental agency, non-profit, private organization, or other entity involved in the preparedness planning for persons with disabilities.  
1.6 This guide recognizes that the ADA addresses all services and facilities pertinent to the access and care of persons with disabilities, including those associated with emergencies. It also recognizes that the Stafford Act and Post Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act, along with Federal, State, and Local Civil Rights Laws, mandate integration, inclusion, coordination, and non-segregation for people with disabilities in emergency programs, services, and ac...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2013
ICS
11.180.01 - Aids for disabled and handicapped persons in general
Technical Committee
E54 - Homeland Security Applications
Drafting Committee
E54.02 - Continuity of Operations
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E2951-13 - Standard Guide for Community Emergency Preparedness for Persons with DisabilitiesASTM E2951-13 - Standard Guide for Community Emergency Preparedness for Persons with Disabilities
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ASTM E2951-13 - Standard Guide for Community Emergency Preparedness for Persons with Disabilities
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2951 − 13
Standard Guide for
Community Emergency Preparedness for Persons with
1
Disabilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2951; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Workshops were convened by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Homeland
Security Standards Panel (HSSP) to explore the need for standards-based solutions for more effective
community emergency preparedness for persons with disabilities. The workshop reports contained
several recommendations that workshop participants believed would have a positive impact on
emergency preparedness for persons with disabilities. Among them were (1) A recommendation that
standardsdevelopmentorganizations,suchastheAmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM)
International, review gaps identified through the deliberations of the workshops and initiate standards
where none exist; (2) Recommendations that other organizations continue their involvement with the
ANSI-HSSP and other standards agencies, such as ASTM, to address the needs of the community of
persons with disabilities; and (3) Encouraging greater involvement by the emergency planning and
preparedness community, first responder organizations and organizations involved with persons with
disabilities in developing strategies and standards for addressing the additional needs of those with
disabilities during emergencies.
The recently celebrated twentieth anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has
shifted the definition of disability from an “underlying physical or mental condition” to a complex
interaction between a person and his or her environment. This in turn is leading to identification and
removal of any barriers in the environment that prevent full social participation by those with
disabilities and greater support for independence measures that promote their environment in all
aspects of society.
This guide for Community Emergency Preparedness for Persons with Disabilities, which was
developedthroughASTM,addressestheimpactofdisastersandemergenciesonthosewithdisabilities
and recommends actions consistent with the ADA that can be taken by local communities that will
help to mitigate or ease that impact. While it is focused primarily on those with disabilities, the guide
subscribes to the FEMA concept of “whole community” emergency preparedness and presents
solutions and recommendations that can apply to all persons adversely affected by an emergency.
1. Scope responsibility of the user (AHJ) of this guide to establish
applicable protocols, procedures, systems, and other means to
1.1 This guide is intended to be used by an Authority
support the health, safety, and well being of persons with
Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) to initiate preparedness efforts that
disabilities.
address issues that the disability community have faced in past
emergencies and systematically coupling them with method-
1.3 This guide is intended to provide templates for appli-
ologies that will help communities enhance their chances for
cable protocols, procedures, systems, and other mechanisms to
survival.
promote an integrated approach in local “preparedness” efforts
for persons with disabilities. It is intended to complement the
1.2 This guide does not purport to address all of the
planning and preparedness efforts of local emergency
elements necessary to prepare for an emergency. It is the
responders—Emergency Management Agencies (EMAs) and
Offices of Emergency Management (OEM)—for persons with
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 on Homeland
disabilities.
Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E54.02 on
Emergency Preparedness, Training, and Procedures.
1.4 This guide is not intended to supersede or replace extant
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. DOI:
10.1520/E2951-13. Federal, Tribal, State, or local policies, regulations, laws, or
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2951 − 13
criteria, or standards and guides produced by any other entity, 3.1.2 caregiver—a person or entity charged with or one who
such as the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). assumes the responsibility for rendering support to persons
with disabilities.
1.5 This guide is intended for an AHJ, whether a govern-
3.1.3 Communications Access Real time Translation
mental agency, non-profit, private organization, or other entity
involved in the
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides recommendations for the local or regional AHJ to use in dealing with persons with disabilities who reside within their area of responsibility or jurisdiction. It provides information that can support development of procedures and protocols in preparing for the impact of emergencies on persons with disabilities, and it includes recommendations addressing such actions as:  
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1.1 This guide is intended to be used by an Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) to initiate preparedness efforts that address issues that the disability community have faced in past emergencies and systematically coupling them with methodologies that will help communities enhance their chances for survival.  
1.2 This guide does not purport to address all of the elements necessary to prepare for an emergency. It is the responsibility of the user (AHJ) of this guide to establish applicable protocols, procedures, systems, and other means to support the health, safety, and well being of persons with disabilities.  
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Standard Terminology for Exoskeletons and Exosuits

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1.1 This terminology covers terms associated with exoskeletons and exosuits. By providing a common and consistent lexicon, the purpose of this terminology is to facilitate communication between individuals who may be involved in the research, design, deployment, and use of exoskeletons and exosuits in applications, including but not limited to industrial, military, emergency response, recreational, and medical areas.  
1.2 For the terminology to be harmonious with the practices in the fields, definitions have been drawn from other standards, the literature, or other public sources when possible. When no definition is available, is similar but requires change for use within standards produced by Committee F48, or in dispute, a consensus-based approach will be used to resolve definitions and add them to the lexicon. The development of this terminology is taking place in close coordination with corresponding efforts in all Committee F48 subcommittees to ensure comprehensive and consistent coverage.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM F3528-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Exoskeleton Use: Gait

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Exoskeletons are being used in the industrial/occupational, military, response, medical, and recreational sectors to enhance safety and effectiveness of the user to perform tasks. Gait is a component of many tasks that someone would do with an exoskeleton. For example, an exoskeleton may be used to help rehabilitate a patient who suffered a traumatic leg injury. In manufacturing, warehousing, military, and other similar environments, workers and soldiers in exoskeletons walk with and without carrying loads, many times over long distances, indoors or outdoors, as part of their daily activities. Fig. 1 shows examples of exoskeleton users walking, which, depending upon the task, may require people to traverse various ground surfaces while wearing an exoskeleton. The testing results of exoskeletons shall describe, in a statistically significant way, how reliably the exoskeleton is able to support tasks within the specified types of environments, confinements, and terrains, and thus provide sufficiently high levels of confidence to determine the applicability of the exoskeleton to a given task.
FIG. 1 Examples of Exoskeleton Users Walking in Various Sectors
Note 1: Examples include: (a) medical rehabilitation (courtesy Gogoa), (b) military material handling (courtesy Mawashi), (c) military soldiering (courtesy Mawashi), (d) recreational hiking through snow and (e) walking on pavement as part of daily work duties (courtesy Humotech), and (f) industrial worker standing up from a chair prior to walking (courtesy SuitX).  
5.2 This test method addresses exoskeleton safety and performance requirements expressed by manufacturing, emergency responders, military, or other organizations requesting this test. The safety and performance data captured within this test method are indicative of the test exoskeleton’s and the exoskeleton user’s capabilities. Having available direct information from tested exoskeleton(s) with associated performance data to guide procurement and...
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1.1 Purpose:  
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4.1.1 Notification—Alerts and warnings for the general public of a pending emergency, and any additional provisions that may be necessary to assure that persons with disabilities are able to receive the message(s).  
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ASTM F3444/F3444M-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Training Exoskeleton Users

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes the minimum training criteria for exoskeleton users.  
4.2 This practice does not supersede any established laws or regulations of international, national, federal, state, tribal, local, or regional governments.  
4.3 A commonly used training practice is for a competent, qualified, or certified trainer to provide to the student with written, visual, and verbal training materials that elementally breakdown the intended subject matter into a series of achievable modules. The trainer describes and demonstrates each module, and then interactively has the exoskeleton student user repeat and demonstrate specified knowledge, skills, and abilities to verify and validate the complete transfer of that knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
4.4 This practice by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating exoskeleton users for competence, proficiency, certification, or license.  
4.5 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the minimum training requirements, including general knowledge, skills, and abilities, for personnel who use an exoskeleton as part of their duties.  
1.2 This practice applies only to exoskeletons and exosuits.  
Note 1: For more advanced exoskeletons, those that are powered, or with IT data connections/links for data transfer, or combinations thereof, upload/download requirements, ensure exoskeleton user and system operators training includes addressing all precautions so they can quickly identify and resolve any data transfer problems experienced with a fully operational exoskeleton.  
1.3 It is recognized that organizations and job responsibilities vary widely among military, medical, industrial, and emergency response communities. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to identify the appropriate subject matter for its program and its specific needs.  
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1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3427-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Documenting Environmental Conditions for Utilization with Exoskeleton Test Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This section provides a description of the environmental conditions listed in Section 1 and describes the sub-conditions within each condition. Examples provided for many of the conditions and sub-conditions are provided as guidance only. Each of the conditions described should be evaluated and documented as set forth in Sections 5 – 7.  
4.2 Environment Consistency: Static, Dynamic, Transitional  
4.2.1 Static is when the environment is similar throughout the test apparatus. For example, there are minor fluctuations in temperature throughout the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Dynamic is when the environment significantly differs within the test apparatus. For example, when the temperature changes between repetitions as shown in Fig. 3. Transitional is when the environment significantly differs in different areas within the test apparatus as shown in Fig. 4. The intent here is to not give specific guidance, but to provide a high-level classification of a particular set of environmental conditions. If environment consistency is dynamic or transitional, or both, a report form (see Section 7) for each unique set of environmental conditions should be completed.
FIG. 1 Example of Static Environment Using Temperature
FIG. 2 Example of Static Environment Using Temperature and Showing a Transition Between Two Static Environments
FIG. 3 Example of Dynamic Environment Using Temperature and Showing that the Environment Changed During the Test
FIG. 4 Example of Transitional Environment Using Temperature Portions of the Environment may Remain Static or may be Dynamic (For example, Cold to Colder)  
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4.3.1 Exoskeleton mobility is affected by ground surface conditions including: surface texture/roughness, deformability, slope or lack of flatness (that is, undulation). Ground surface conditions can affect the exoskeleton: traction, vibration affecting the electronics integrity, positioning, and stability.  
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SCOPE
1.1 When conducting test methods, it is important to consider the role that the environmental conditions play in measurement of exoskeleton safety and performance. Exoskeletons are designed to be operated both indoors and outdoors under conditions specified by the manufacturer. Likewise, end users of the exoskeletons will be using these exoskeletons in a variety of environmental conditions. When conducting and replicating ASTM Committee F48 test methods by exoskeleton manufacturers and users, it is important to specify and document the environmental conditions under which the exoskeleton is to be tested as there will be variations in system performance caused by the conditions, especially when comparing and replicating sets of test results. It is also important to consider changes in environmental conditions during the course of operations (for example, transitions between conditions). As such, environmental conditions specified in this document are static, dynamic, or transitional, or combinations thereof; with the exoskeleton stationary or in motion. This document provides brief introduction to the following list of environmental conditions that can affect performance of the exoskeleton:  
1.1.1 Floor or ground surface;  
1.1.2 Temperature;  
1.1.3 Humidity;  
1.1.4 Atmospheric pressure;  
1.1.5 Lighting;  
1.1.6 Air flow and quality;  
1.1.7 External sensor emission;  
1.1.8 Electrical interference;  
1.1.9 Boundaries;  
1.1.10 Additional categories, for example underwater, extraterrestrial, may also be added to this standard as the exoskeleton industry applications evolve in these areas.  
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Standard Guide for Ecological Considerations for the Use of Oil Spill Dispersants in Freshwater and Other Inland Environments, Lakes and Large Water Bodies

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide is meant to aid response teams who may use it during spill response planning and spill events.  
3.2 This guide should be adapted to site specific circumstance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of oil spill dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. The guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis on which the recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response.  
1.2 Spill responders have available several means to control or clean up spilled oil. Chemical dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures.  
1.3 This is a general guide only. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and refined petroleum products. Differences between individual dispersants or between different oil products are not considered. The dispersibility of the oil with the chosen dispersant should be evaluated.  
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1.7 This guide does not address getting regulatory approval.  
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4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Note 1: Attention is called to Specifications D1752 and D994/D994M.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B637-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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