ASTM F1953-10
(Guide)Standard Guide for Construction and Maintenance of Grass Tennis Courts
Standard Guide for Construction and Maintenance of Grass Tennis Courts
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A grass tennis court should provide a relatively uniform, high quality playing surface as it relates to footing and ball bounce. Undulations, rough surface, bare spots, weeds, and wet spots detract from good play. Playing surface quality is largely affected by construction and maintenance procedures, and this guide addresses those procedures.
During construction, consideration should be given to factors such as soil physical and chemical properties, freedom of large stones and debris in the soil, surface and internal drainage, grass species selection, orientation of the court, and provisions for distributing wear on the playing surface.
Maintenance practices that influence the playability of the surface include mowing height, mowing frequency, rolling, irrigation, fertilization, weed control, disease and insect control, cultivation, thatch control, topdressing, and overseeding.
Those responsible for the design, construction, or maintenance, or a combination thereof, of tennis courts will benefit from this guide.
This guide provides flexibility in choices of procedures and can be used to cover a variety of use and budget levels.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for the construction and maintenance of grass tennis courts. This guide provides guidance for selection of soil systems and turfgrass species in court construction and for selection of management practices that will maintain an acceptable playing surface.
1.2 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenance techniques are influenced by existing soil types, climatic factors, adaptation of grass species, level of play anticipated, intensity of use, budget, equipment, and training and ability of the turf management personnel.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F1953 − 10 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
1
Construction and Maintenance of Grass Tennis Courts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1953; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F2651Terminology Relating to Soil and Turfgrass Charac-
teristics of Natural Playing Surfaces
1.1 Thisguidecoverstechniquesthatareappropriateforthe
constructionandmaintenanceofgrasstenniscourts.Thisguide
3. Terminology
provides guidance for selection of soil systems and turfgrass
3.1 Definitions—Except as noted, soil and turfgrass related
species in court construction and for selection of management
definitions are in accordance with Terminology F2651.
practices that will maintain an acceptable playing surface.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenance
3.2.1 reel mower (also ‘reel-type’mower), n—amachinefor
techniques are influenced by existing soil types, climatic
cutting grass composed of a cylinder, formed of blades
factors, adaptation of grass species, level of play anticipated,
mounted on a horizontal axis.The reel consists of a number of
intensity of use, budget, equipment, and training and ability of
helix-shaped blades which are attached to support spiders
the turf management personnel.
which are subsequently mounted on a rotating shaft. During
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
operation the reel blades turn to contact a bedknife which
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
executes a scissors-like cutting action. Properly performed and
standard.
well-maintained, reel mowers are particularly adapted to a
higher mow quality and close cutting action (often to mow
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1
heightsoflessthan2.5mm(< ⁄10in.))comparedtoothertypes
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of mowers.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 winter overseeding—the practice of overseeding a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. cool-season turfgrass into a warm-season turfgrass stand at or
neartheirstartofwinterdormancyforthepurposeofproviding
2. Referenced Documents
a green, growing turf during the winter period when the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
warm-season species are brown and dormant.
C33Specification for Concrete Aggregates
4. Significance and Use
D422Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
4.1 Agrasstenniscourtshouldprovidearelativelyuniform,
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
high quality playing surface as it relates to footing and ball
Fluids
bounce.Undulations,roughsurface,barespots,weeds,andwet
D1140Test Methods for Determining the Amount of Mate-
spots detract from good play. Playing surface quality is largely
rialFinerthan75-µm(No.200)SieveinSoilsbyWashing
affected by construction and maintenance procedures, and this
D5268Specification for Topsoil Used for Landscaping Pur-
guide addresses those procedures.
poses
4.1.1 During construction, consideration should be given to
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
factors such as soil physical and chemical properties, freedom
Sieves
of large stones and debris in the soil, surface and internal
F405Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipe
drainage, grass species selection, orientation of the court, and
and Fittings
provisions for distributing wear on the playing surface.
1 4.1.2 Maintenancepracticesthatinfluencetheplayabilityof
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilitiesand is the direct responsibility of thesurfaceincludemowingheight,mowingfrequency,rolling,
Subcommittee F08.52 on Miscellaneous Playing Surfaces.
irrigation, fertilization, weed control, disease and insect
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally
control, cultivation, thatch control, topdressing, and overseed-
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1953–99 (2003).
ing.
DOI: 10.1520/F1953-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2 Those responsible for the design, construction, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
maintenance, or a combination thereof, of tennis courts will
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. benefit from this guide.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:F 1953–99(Reapproved 2003) Designation: F1953 – 10
Standard Guide for
1
Construction and Maintenance of Grass Tennis Courts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1953; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for the construction and maintenance of grass tennis courts. This guide
provides guidance for selection of soil systems and turfgrass species in court construction and for selection of management
practices that will maintain an acceptable playing surface.
1.2 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenance techniques are influenced by existing soil types, climatic factors,
adaptation of grass species, level of play anticipated, intensity of use, budget, equipment, and training and ability of the turf
management personnel.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates D422
D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils D653
D653 TerminologyRelatingtoSoil,Rock,andContainedFluidsD1140TestMethodforAmountofMaterialinSoilsFinerThan
the No. 200 (75-µm) Sieve
D5268
D1140 Test Methods for Amount of Material in Soils Finer than No. 200 (75-m) Sieve
D5268 Specification for Topsoil Used for Landscaping Purposes
E11Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes 11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves
F405 Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing and Fittings Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipe
and Fittings
F2651 Terminology Relating to Soil and Turfgrass Characteristics of Natural Playing Surfaces
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Except as noted, soil and turfgrass related definitions are in accordance with Terminology D 653D 653F2651.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cool-season turfgrass—species best adapted to growth during cool, moist periods of the year, commonly having
temperature optimums of 15 to 25°C. Examples: bentgrass, bluegrass, fescue, and ryegrass. reel mower (also ‘reel-type’mower),
n—a machine for cutting grass composed of a cylinder, formed of blades mounted on a horizontal axis. The reel consists of a
number of helix-shaped blades which are attached to support spiders which are subsequently mounted on a rotating shaft. During
operation the reel blades turn to contact a bedknife which executes a scissors-like cutting action. Properly performed and
well-maintained, reel mowers are particularly adapted to a higher mow quality and close cutting action (often to mow heights of
1
less than 2.5 mm (< ⁄10 in.)) compared to other types of mowers.
3.2.2 coring—small cores are removed from the turf soil by hollow tines or spoons.
3.2.3cultivation, turf—the working of a turf soil without destruction of the turf (1) .
1
This test method guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.23
F08.52 on Tennis Courts and Track Miscellaneous Playing Surfaces.
Current edition approved Nov.Sept. 1, 2003.2010. Published November 2003.October 2010. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 19992003 as
F1953 – 99 (2003). DOI: 10.1520/F1953-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F1953 – 10
3.2.4drilling—vertical holes are created in the turf soil by removal of soil by
...
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