ASTM D924-03

Standard Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers new electrical insulating liquids as well as liquids in service or subsequent to service in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus.
1.2 This test method provides a procedure for making referee tests at a commercial frequency of between 45 and 65 Hz.
1.3 Where it is desired to make routine determinations requiring less accuracy, certain modifications to this test method are permitted as described in Sections 19 to 27.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in 14.4.2.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-2003
• ICS: 29.040.10 - Insulating oils
• Technical Committee: D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
• Drafting Committee: D27.05 - Electrical Test

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D924-99e2 - Standard Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D924-03a - Standard Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8240-22e1 - Standard Specification for Less-Flammable Synthetic Ester Liquids Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D3487-16e1 - Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D2225-20 - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Liquids Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5282-05(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7416-09(2020) - Standard Practice for Analysis of In-Service Lubricants Using a Particular Five-Part (Dielectric Permittivity, Time-Resolved Dielectric Permittivity with Switching Magnetic Fields, Laser Particle Counter, Microscopic Debris Analysis, and Orbital Viscometer) Integrated Tester
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D1169-19a - Standard Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D2300-08(2017) - Standard Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7826-23a - Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5222-23 - Standard Specification for Less Flammable High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon Mineral Electrical Insulating Liquids
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D4054-23 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6871-17 - Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D3394-16(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Electrical Insulating Board
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D1934-20 - Standard Test Method for Oxidative Aging of Electrical Insulating Liquids by Open-Beaker Method
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D 924–03
Standard Test Method for
Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating
1
Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 924; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope IEC 247–1978 Measurement of Relative Permittivity, Di-
electric Dissipation Factor (Tan 8) and DC Resistivity of
1.1 This test method covers new electrical insulating liquids
5
Insulating Liquids
as well as liquids in service or subsequent to service in cables,
transformers, oil circuit breakers, and other electrical appara-
3. Terminology
tus.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms used in this test
1.2 This test method provides a procedure for making
method are given in Terminology D 2864D 2864.
referee tests at a commercial frequency of between 45 and 65
Hz.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 Where it is desired to make routine determinations
4.1 Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)—This is a mea-
requiring less accuracy, certain modifications to this test
sure of the dielectric losses in an electrical insulating liquid
method are permitted as described in Sections 19 to 27.
when used in an alternating electric field and of the energy
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
dissipated as heat. A low dissipation factor or power factor
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
indicates low ac dielectric losses. Dissipation factor or power
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
factor may be useful as a means of quality control, and as an
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
indication of changes in quality resulting from contamination
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific
and deterioration in service or as a result of handling.
warnings are given in 14.4.2.
4.1.1 The loss characteristic is commonly measured in
2. Referenced Documents terms of dissipation factor (tangent of the loss angle) or of
power factor (sine of the loss angle) and may be expressed as
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a decimal value or as a percentage. For decimal values up to
D 150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-
0.05, dissipation factor and power factor values are equal to
mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulat-
2 each other within about one part in one thousand. In general,
ing Materials
since the dissipation factor or power factor of insulating oils in
D 923 Test Method for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liq-
3 good condition have decimal values below 0.005, the two
uids
measurements (terms) may be considered interchangeable.
D 2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
3 4.1.2 The exact relationship between dissipation factor (D)
uids and Gases
and power factor (PF) is given by the following equations:
E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
4
D PF
Ventilation Ovens
PF 5 D 5 (1)
2 2
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1 1 D 12~PF!
= =
4
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
The reported value of D or PF may be expressed as a
2.2 Other Standard:
decimal value or as a percentage. For example:
D or PF at 25°C 5 0.002 or 0.2% (2)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
4.2 Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)—Insulating
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D27.05 on Electrical Tests. liquids are used in general either to insulate components of an
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally
electrical network from each other and from ground, alone or
approved in 1947 as D 924 – 47 T. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as
ϵ2
D924–99 .
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03. Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D924–03
incombinationwithsolidinsulatingmaterials,ortofunctionas PROCEDURE FOR MAKING REFEREE TESTS
the dielectric of a capacitor. For the first use, a low value of
relative pe
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