ASTM E1549/E1549M-13(2016)

Standard Specification for ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous and Hazardous Operations

ABSTRACT
This document specifies special items of clothing (cleanroom garments) designed to protect aerospace products from electrostatic discharge and from contaminants released by personnel and garments. Special clothing includes low linting coveralls, footwear, and head covers. The function of cleanroom garments is to contain the contaminants generated by people and to minimize contaminants from the garments. Two types of fabrics can be selected for the garments. Both types are inherently static-dissipative materials to prevent electrical discharges that can damage sensitive hardware or initiate explosions in the presence of flammable vapors. The material specified for “hazardous environments” is flame resistant and provides additional protection to the wearer. Selection of garment design and fabric should be based on the user’s needs with respect to functional and environmental requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This document specifies special items of clothing (cleanroom garments) designed to protect aerospace products from electrostatic discharge and from contaminants released by personnel and garments. Special clothing includes low linting coveralls, footwear, and head covers.  
1.2 The function of cleanroom garments is to contain the contaminants generated by people and to minimize contaminants from the garments.  
1.3 Two types of fabrics can be selected for the garments. Both types are inherently static-dissipative materials to prevent electrical discharges that can damage sensitive hardware or initiate explosions in the presence of flammable vapors. The material specified for “hazardous environments” is flame resistant and provides additional protection to the wearer. Selection of garment design and fabric should be based on the user's needs with respect to functional and environmental requirements.  
1.4 Additional background information can be found in SD-TR-91-26 and IEST-RP-CC003.3.  
1.5 This standard is intended to be in compliance with the ASTM policy on Fire Standards.2 Flammability tests specified in this standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of fabrics in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fabrics under actual fire conditions. However, results of the tests may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of operations in controlled environment areas.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2016
• ICS: 13.340.10 - Protective clothing
• Technical Committee: E21 - Space Simulation and Applications of Space Technology
• Drafting Committee: E21.05 - Contamination

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1549/E1549M −13 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Specification for
ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and
Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous
and Hazardous Operations
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1549/E1549M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
1.1 This document specifies special items of clothing
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
(cleanroom garments) designed to protect aerospace products
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
fromelectrostaticdischargeandfromcontaminantsreleasedby
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
personnel and garments. Special clothing includes low linting
with the standard.
coveralls, footwear, and head covers.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 The function of cleanroom garments is to contain the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
contaminants generated by people and to minimize contami-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nants from the garments.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.3 Two types of fabrics can be selected for the garments.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Both types are inherently static-dissipative materials to prevent
2. Referenced Documents
electrical discharges that can damage sensitive hardware or
initiate explosions in the presence of flammable vapors. The 2.1 ASTM Standards:
material specified for “hazardous environments” is flame D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
resistant and provides additional protection to the wearer. D204 Test Methods for Sewing Threads
Selection of garment design and fabric should be based on the D1683 Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven
user’s needs with respect to functional and environmental Apparel Fabrics
requirements. D1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of
Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
1.4 Additional background information can be found in
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
SD-TR-91-26 and IEST-RP-CC003.3.
D5034 TestMethodforBreakingStrengthandElongationof
1.5 This standard is intended to be in compliance with the
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
ASTM policy on Fire Standards. Flammability tests specified
D6193 Practice for Stitches and Seams
in this standard should be used to measure and describe the
D737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
properties of fabrics in response to heat and flame under
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to
Materials
describe or appraise the fabrics under actual fire conditions.
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
However, results of the tests may be used as elements of a fire
E535 Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Stan-
risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors
dards
which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of
E1560 Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Non-
operations in controlled environment areas.
volatile Residue From Cleanroom Wipers
F51 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particulate Con-
taminant In and On Clean Room Garments
F739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E21 on Space
Simulation andApplications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility of
throughProtectiveClothingMaterialsunderConditionsof
Subcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.
Continuous Contact
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1549 – 13. DOI:
10.1520/E1549_E1549M-13R16. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ASTM Fire Standards and Related Technical Material; 7th Edition, June 2007, contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
ISBN13: 978-0-8031-5684-5, available on request from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Barr Harbor Dr., PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1549/E1549M − 13 (2016)
F1506 Performance Specification for Flame Resistant and 2.6 International Standards:
Arc Rated Textile Materials for Wearing Apparel for Use ISO 14644-1 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled
byElectricalWorkersExposedtoMomentaryElectricArc Environments, Classification of Air Cleanliness
and Related Thermal Hazards ISO 14644-2 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled
Environments-Specifications for testing and monitoring to
2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:
prove continued compliance with ISO 14644-1
CFR Title 16 Part 1610 Standard for the Flammability of
Clothing Textiles
3. Terminology
A-A 50195 Thread, Aramid
FED-STD-209E Airborne Particulate Cleanliness Classes in
3.1 Terminology related to textiles is based on Terminology
Cleanrooms and Clean Zones
D123. Terminology related to fire safety is based on Terminol-
ogy E176.
2.3 U.S. Department of Defense:
MIL-C-43122G Cloth, Sateen, Cotton, Flame Retardant
3.2 General Definitions:
Treated
3.2.1 cleanroom, n—an area in which the airborne particle
MIL-DTL-43685C Webbing and Tape, Textile, Aramid Fi-
concentrations, temperature, humidity, molecular species,
ber
pressure, activities, and other environmental parameters are
MIL-STD-3010B Test Procedures for Packaging Materials
controlled, as required, to produce acceptable products.
SD-TR-89-63 Standard Methods for Measurement of Non-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The use of HEPA, or better, filters are
volatile Residue on Surfaces, E. N. Borson, E. J.Watts, G.
usually required for the incoming air, and the maximum
A. To; U.S. Air Force, Space Systems Division, 10 Aug.
allowable airborne particle concentrations are specified in
accordance with the ISO 14644 standards.
SD-TR-91-26 Garment Selection for Cleanrooms and Con-
3.2.2 electrostatic discharge, ESD, n—a high voltage elec-
trolled Environments for Spacecraft, E. J. Watts, U.S. Air
trical discharge that occurs when electrical charges accumulate
Force, Space Systems Division, 1 April 1991
on or in materials as a result of friction between materials.
2.4 NASA:
3.2.3 fiber, n—a particle with a length to diameter ratio of
KSC-SPEC-P-0016 Specification for Minimum Require-
7 ten or more. (See textile fibers.)
ments for Garment Snap Fastener
3.2.4 gloss, n—a shiny or lustrous appearance resulting
KSC-MMA-1985-79, Revision 6, Standard Test Method for
fromthetendencyofasurfacetoreflectlightatoneanglemore
Evaluating Triboelectric Charge Generation and Decay
than at others.
NASA-STD-6001 Flammability, Offgassing, and Compat-
ibility Requirements and Test Procedures, Upward Flame
3.2.5 HEPA (high effıciency particulate air) filter, n—a filter
Propagation Test (Test 1)
for air with a removal efficiency in excess of 99.97 % for
0.3-µm particles.
2.5 Others:
ANSI/ESD S20.20 Standard For the Development of an
3.2.6 NVR (nonvolatile residue), n—quantity of residual
Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of
soluble, suspended, and particulate matter remaining after the
Electrical and Electronic Parts, Assemblies and Equip-
controlled evaporation of a volatile liquid at a specified
ment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive De-
temperature.
vices)
3.2.6.1 Discussion—The liquid is usually filtered through a
ESD ADV1.0-2009 ESD Association Advisory for Electro-
membrane filter, of a specified size, before evaporation. The
static Discharge Terminology, Glossary
process used to determine the NVR may affect the quantitative
IEST-RP-CC-003.3 Garments Required In Cleanrooms And
measurement. Process factors include filter size, solvent, and
Controlled Environment Areas
the evaporation temperature and atmosphere. For this reason,
IEST-RP-CC022.2 Electrostatic Charge in Cleanrooms and
the process must be defined.The NVR of fabrics is determined
Other Controlled Environments
by extracting a specified quantity of fabric using a specified
NFPA 70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace
solvent. The solvent is then evaporated to determine the NVR
extracted from the fabric. See extractable matter, 3.3.7, which
is frequently used to describe NVR in fabrics.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
3.2.7 particle, n—a solid or liquid object generally between
Available from U.S. Natick Research Development and Engineering Center,
0.001 and 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
Natick, MA 07160-5014.
Reprints available from The Aerospace Corporation Library, P.O. Box 92957,
3.2.8 U.S. Customary Units System, USCS, n—The system
El Segundo, CA 90009.
of units in common use in the United States. This is frequently
NASATechnical Standards Program Office, ED10, MSFC,AL, 35812; Online,
available: https://standards.nasa.gov/documents/ksc called the “inch-pound system.”
NASATechnical Standards Program Office, ED10, MSFC,AL 35812; Online,
3.3 Fabric Definitions:
available: https://standards.nasa.gov/documents/nasa.
Available from Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3,
Rome, NY 13440.
Available from the Institute of Environmental Sciences, 940 E. Northwest
Highway, Mount Prospect, IL 60056. AvailablefromAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI),25W.43rd.St.,
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. These standards supersede FED-STD-209E. The
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. latter may still be used if mutually agreed to by customer and supplier.
E1549/E1549M − 13 (2016)
3.3.1 count, n—in woven textiles, the number of warp yarns 3.3.16 nylon, n—a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-
(ends) and filling yarns (picks) per unit distance as counted formingsubstanceisalongchainsyntheticpolyamideinwhich
while the fabric is held under zero tension and is free of folds less than 85 % of the amide linkages are attached directly to
and wrinkles. two aromatic rings.
3.3.17 polyester, n—a manufactured fiber in which the
3.3.2 Dacron®, n—DuPont registered trademark for its
fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer
polyester fiber.
composedofatleast85 %byweightofanesterofasubstituted
3.3.3 Delrin®, n—DuPont trade name for a crystalline form
aromatic carboxylic acid, including but not restricted to sub-
of polymerized formaldehyde.
stituted terephthalate units, and para-substituted hydroxy-
3.3.4 denier, n—a direct numbering system for expressing benzoate units.
linear density, equal to the mass in grams per 9000 m of yarn,
3.3.18 porosity, n—the ratio of the volume of air or void
filament, fiber, or other textile strand.
contained within the boundaries of a material to the total
volume (solid matter plus air or void) expressed as a percent-
3.3.5 drycleaning, n—cleaning fabrics in a substantially
age.
nonaqueous liquid medium.
3.3.5.1 Discussion—Perchloroethylene is typically used.
3.3.19 selvage, n—the woven edge portion of a fabric
parallel to the warp.
3.3.6 end, n—an individual warp yarn (single or ply) or
cord. 3.3.20 sewn seam, n—a juncture of which two or more
planar structures such as textile fabrics, are joined by sewing,
3.3.7 extractable matter, n—nonfibrous material in or on a
usually near the edge.
textile, not including water, which is removable by a specified
3.3.21 static dissipative fabric, n—an inherently static con-
solvent or solvents, as directed in a specified procedure. See
NVR, 3.2.6. trolfabricwithsurfaceresistivitybetween10 ohmspersquare
and not more than 10 ohms per square.
3.3.8 textile fiber, n—
3.3.21.1 Discussion—The ESD Association defines the up-
(1) general—a generic term for the various types of matter
per limit for static dissipative materials as not more than 10
that form the basic elements of textile fabrics and other textile
ohms per square and the acceptable upper limit for static
structures.
11 14
control garments as not more than 10 ohms per square.
(2) specific—a unit of matter that is characterized by
3.3.22 stitch, n—in sewn seams,therepeatedunitformedby
having a length at least 100 times its diameter or width and
which can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by the sewing thread(s) in the production of seams.
interlacing in a variety of methods, including knitting,
3.3.23 Teflon®, n—DuPont trade name for polytetrafluoro-
braiding, felting, and twisting.
ethylene (PTFE) polymer fiber. It is chemically resistant and
does not absorb moisture.
3.3.9 filament, n—a variety of fiber having extreme length,
not readily measured.
3.3.24 twill weave, n—a weave characterized by diagonal
3.3.9.1 Discussion—Synthetic fibers formed from man-
lines produced by a series of floats staggered in the warp
made and natural polymers are in this class.
direction. Floats are normally formed by the filling (a filling-
faced twill).
3.3.10 filling, n—yarn running from selvage to selvage at
right angles to the warp in a woven fabric.
3.3.25 warp, n—(1) the yarn running lengthwise in a woven
fabric. (2) a group of yarns in long lengths and approximately
3.3.11 float, n—the portion of a warp or filling yarn that
parallel, put on beams or warp reels for further textile process-
extends unbound over two or more filling or warp yarns.
ing including weaving, knitting, twisting, dyeing, and so forth.
3.3.12 foreign object debris (FOD), n—a substance, debris
3.3.26 woven fabric, n—a structure produced when at least
or article which is alien to a vehicle or system which would
twosetsofstrandsareinterlaced,usuallyatrightanglestoeach
potentially cause damage.
other, according to a predetermined pattern of interlacing, and
3.3.13 laundering, n—a process used to refurbish a textile
such that at least one set is parallel to the axis along the
product by (1) cleaning it in water containing a detergent or
lengthwise direction of the fabric.
surfactant and (2) drying it.
3.3.27 yarn, n—a generic term for a continuous strand of
3.3.13.1 Discussion—Laundering for cleanroom garments
textile fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable for
requires the use of water, cleaning agents, environmental
knitting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile
control
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1549/E1549M − 13 E1549/E1549M − 13 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Specification for
ESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms and
Controlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardous
and Hazardous Operations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1549/E1549M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This document specifies special items of clothing (cleanroom garments) designed to protect aerospace products from
electrostatic discharge and from contaminants released by personnel and garments. Special clothing includes low linting coveralls,
footwear, and head covers.
1.2 The function of cleanroom garments is to contain the contaminants generated by people and to minimize contaminants from
the garments.
1.3 Two types of fabrics can be selected for the garments. Both types are inherently static-dissipative materials to prevent
electrical discharges that can damage sensitive hardware or initiate explosions in the presence of flammable vapors. The material
specified for “hazardous environments” is flame resistant and provides additional protection to the wearer. Selection of garment
design and fabric should be based on the user’s needs with respect to functional and environmental requirements.
1.4 Additional,Additional background information can be found in SD-TR-91-26 and IEST-RP-CC003.3.
1.5 This standard is intended to be in compliance with the ASTM policy on Fire Standards. Flammability tests specified in this
standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of fabrics in response to heat and flame under controlled
laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fabrics under actual fire conditions. However, results of
the tests may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an
assessment of the fire hazard of operations in controlled environment areas.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D204 Test Methods for Sewing Threads
D1683 Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven Apparel Fabrics
D1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
D6193 Practice for Stitches and Seams
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on Space Simulation and Applications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.
Current edition approved May 15, 2013Oct. 1, 2016. Published July 2013October 2016. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 as
E1549 – 06.E1549 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/E1549_E1549M-13.10.1520/E1549_E1549M-13R16.
ASTM Fire Standards and Related Technical Material; 7th Edition, June 2007, ISBN13: 978-0-8031-5684-5, available on request from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr
Harbor Dr., PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1549/E1549M − 13 (2016)
D737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E535 Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Standards
E1560 Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Nonvolatile Residue From Cleanroom Wipers
F51 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particulate Contaminant In and On Clean Room Garments
F739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases through Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions of Continuous
Contact
F1506 Performance Specification for Flame Resistant and Arc Rated Textile Materials for Wearing Apparel for Use by Electrical
Workers Exposed to Momentary Electric Arc and Related Thermal Hazards
2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:
CFR Title 16 Part 1610 Standard for the Flammability of Clothing Textiles
A-A 50195 Thread, Aramid
FED-STD-209E Airborne Particulate Cleanliness Classes in Cleanrooms and Clean Zones
2.3 U.S. Department of Defense:
MIL-C-43122G Cloth, Sateen, Cotton, Flame Retardant Treated
MIL-DTL-43685C Webbing and Tape, Textile, Aramid Fiber
MIL-STD-3010B Test Procedures for Packaging Materials
SD-TR-89-63 Standard Methods for Measurement of Nonvolatile Residue on Surfaces, E. N. Borson, E. J. Watts, G. A. To; U.S.
Air Force, Space Systems Division, 10 Aug. 1989
SD-TR-91-26 Garment Selection for Cleanrooms and Controlled Environments for Spacecraft, E. J. Watts, U.S. Air Force, Space
Systems Division, 1 April 1991
2.4 NASA:
KSC-SPEC-P-0016 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Garment Snap Fastener
KSC-MMA-1985-79, Revision 6, Standard Test Method for Evaluating Triboelectric Charge Generation and Decay
NASA-STD-6001 Flammability, Offgassing, and Compatibility Requirements and Test Procedures, Upward Flame Propagation
Test (Test 1)
2.5 Others:
ANSI/ESD S20.20 Standard For the Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of Electrical and
Electronic Parts, Assemblies and Equipment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices)
ESD ADV1.0-2009 ESD Association Advisory for Electrostatic Discharge Terminology, Glossary
IEST-RP-CC-003.3 Garments Required In Cleanrooms And Controlled Environment Areas
IEST-RP-CC022.2 Electrostatic Charge in Cleanrooms and Other Controlled Environments
NFPA 70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace
2.6 International Standards:
ISO 14644-1 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments, Classification of Air Cleanliness
ISO 14644-2 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments-Specifications for testing and monitoring to prove continued
compliance with ISO 14644-1
3. Terminology
3.1 Terminology related to textiles is based on Terminology D123. Terminology related to fire safety is based on Terminology
E176.
3.2 General Definitions:
3.2.1 cleanroom, n—an area in which the airborne particle concentrations, temperature, humidity, molecular species, pressure,
activities, and other environmental parameters are controlled, as required, to produce acceptable products.
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Available from U.S. Natick Research Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA 07160-5014.
Reprints available from The Aerospace Corporation Library, P.O. Box 92957, El Segundo, CA 90009.
NASA Technical Standards Program Office, ED10, MSFC, AL, 35812; Online, available: https://standards.nasa.gov/documents/ksc
NASA Technical Standards Program Office, ED10, MSFC, AL 35812; Online, available: https://standards.nasa.gov/documents/nasa.
Available from Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3, Rome, NY 13440.
Available from the Institute of Environmental Sciences, 940 E. Northwest Highway, Mount Prospect, IL 60056.
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd. St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. These standards supersede FED-STD-209E. The latter
may still be used if mutually agreed to by customer and supplier.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
E1549/E1549M − 13 (2016)
The use of HEPA, or better, filters are usually required for the incoming air, and the maximum allowable airborne particle
concentrations are specified in accordance with the ISO 14644 standards.
3.2.2 electrostatic discharge, ESD, n—a high voltage electrical discharge that occurs when electrical charges accumulate on or
in materials as a result of friction between materials.
3.2.3 fiber, n—a particle with a length to diameter ratio of ten or more. (See textile fibers.)
3.2.4 gloss, n—a shiny or lustrous appearance resulting from the tendency of a surface to reflect light at one angle more than
at others.
3.2.5 HEPA (high effıciency particulate air) filter, n—a filter for air with a removal efficiency in excess of 99.97 % for 0.3-μm
particles.
3.2.6 NVR (nonvolatile residue), n—quantity of residual soluble, suspended, and particulate matter remaining after the
controlled evaporation of a volatile liquid at a specified temperature.
3.2.6.1 Discussion—
The liquid is usually filtered through a membrane filter, of a specified size, before evaporation. The process used to determine the
NVR may affect the quantitative measurement. Process factors include filter size, solvent, and the evaporation temperature and
atmosphere. For this reason, the process must be defined. The NVR of fabrics is determined by extracting a specified quantity of
fabric using a specified solvent. The solvent is then evaporated to determine the NVR extracted from the fabric. See extractable
matter,3.3.7, which is frequently used to describe NVR in fabrics.
3.2.7 particle, n—a solid or liquid object generally between 0.001 and 1000 μm (1 mm) in size.
3.2.8 U.S. Customary Units System, USCS, n—The system of units in common use in the United States. This is frequently called
the “inch-pound system.”
3.3 Fabric Definitions:
3.3.1 count, n—in woven textiles, the number of warp yarns (ends) and filling yarns (picks) per unit distance as counted while
the fabric is held under zero tension and is free of folds and wrinkles.
3.3.2 Dacron®, n—DuPont registered trademark for its polyester fiber.
3.3.3 Delrin®, n—DuPont trade name for a crystalline form of polymerized formaldehyde.
3.3.4 denier, n—a direct numbering system for expressing linear density, equal to the mass in grams per 9000 m of yarn,
filament, fiber, or other textile strand.
3.3.5 drycleaning, n—cleaning fabrics in a substantially nonaqueous liquid medium.
3.3.5.1 Discussion—
Perchloroethylene is typically used.
3.3.6 end, n—an individual warp yarn (single or ply) or cord.
3.3.7 extractable matter, n—nonfibrous material in or on a textile, not including water, which is removable by a specified solvent
or solvents, as directed in a specified procedure. See NVR,3.2.6.
3.3.8 textile fiber, n—(1) general—a generic term for the various types of matter that form the basic elements of textile fabrics
and other textile structures.
(1) general—a generic term for the various types of matter that form the basic elements of textile fabrics and other textile
structures.
(2) specific—a unit of matter that is characterized by having a length at least 100 times its diameter or width and which can
be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by interlacing in a variety of methods, including knitting, braiding, felting, and twisting.
(2) specific—a unit of matter that is characterized by having a length at least 100 times its diameter or width and which can be
spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by interlacing in a variety of methods, including knitting, braiding, felting, and twisting.
3.3.9 filament, n—a variety of fiber having extreme length, not readily measured.
3.3.9.1 Discussion—
Synthetic fibers formed from man-made and natural polymers are in this class.
3.3.10 filling, n—yarn running from selvage to selvage at right angles to the warp in a woven fabric.
3.3.11 float, n—the portion of a warp or filling yarn that extends unbound over two or more filling or warp yarns.
E1549/E1549M − 13 (2016)
3.3.12 foreign object debris (FOD), n—a substance, debris or article which is alien to a vehicle or system which would
potentially cause damage.
3.3.13 laundering, n—a process used to refurbish a textile product by (1) cleaning it in water containing a detergent or surfactant
and (2) drying it.
3.3.13.1 Discussion—
Laundering for cleanroom garments requires the use of water, cleaning agents, environmental control, and packaging so that the
garments are compatible with the final product cleanliness requirements.
3.3.14 lint, n—fiber fragments abraded from textile materials; also loose short fibers or fluff.
3.3.15 Nomex®, n—a synthetic aramid fiber manufactured by DuPont that meets the requirements of NASA Technical Standard,
NASA-STD-6001, Test 1 for flame retardancy.
3.3.16 nylon, n—a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long chain synthetic polyamide in which less
than 85 % of the amide linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings.
3.3.17 polyester, n—a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed
of at least 85 % by weight of an ester of a substituted aromatic carboxylic acid, including but not restricted to substituted
terephthalate units, and para-substituted hydroxy-benzoate units.
3.3.18 porosity, n—the ratio of the volume of air or void contained within the boundaries of a material to the total volume (solid
matter plus air or void) expressed as a percentage.
3.3.19 selvage, n—the woven edge portion of a fabric parallel to the warp.
3.3.20 sewn seam, n—a juncture of which two or more planar structures such as textile fabrics, are joined by sewing, usually
near the edge.
3.3.21 static dissipative fabric, n—an inherently static control fabric with surface resistivity between 10 ohms per square and
not more than 10 ohms per square.
3.3.21.1 Discussion—
12 13
The ESD Association defines the upper limit for static dissipative materials as not more
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