ASTM E2558-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Particulate Matter Emissions from Fires in Low Mass Wood-Burning Fireplaces
Standard Test Method for Determining Particulate Matter Emissions from Fires in Low Mass Wood-Burning Fireplaces
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for determining emission factors and emission rates for low mass wood-burning fireplaces.
The emission factor is useful for determining emission performance during product development.
The emission factor is useful for the air quality regulatory community for determining compliance with emission performance limits.
The emission rate may be useful for the air quality regulatory community for determining impacts on air quality from fireplaces, but must be used with caution as use patterns must be factored into any prediction of atmospheric particulate matter impacts from fireplaces based on results from this method.
The reporting units are grams of particulate per kilogram of dry fuel and grams of particulate per hour.
Appropriate reporting units for comparing emissions from non-heating appliances: g/kg.
Appropriate reporting units for predicting atmospheric emission impacts only if hours of fireplace use are factored in: g/h.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the fueling and operating protocol for determining particulate matter emissions from wood fires in low mass wood-burning fireplaces.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E2558–08
Standard Test Method for
Determining Particulate Matter Emissions from Fires in Low
1
Mass Wood-Burning Fireplaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2558; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope depth dimensions for commonly available dimensional lumber.
1 1
The actual dimensions are 38 3 89 mm (1 ⁄2 3 3 ⁄2 in.) and
1.1 This test method covers the fueling and operating
1 1
89 3 89 mm (3 ⁄2 3 3 ⁄2 in.).
protocol for determining particulate matter emissions from
3.2.5 grate, n—any device included with the fireplace or
wood fires in low mass wood-burning fireplaces.
specified by the fireplace manufacturer for the purpose of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
elevating the fuel load above the hearth or for constraining fuel
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
pieces from falling outside the intended burning area, or both.
only.
This includes basket grates and andirons.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.6 hearth, n—the footprint of the fireplace firebox.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.7 kindling brands, n—the initial fuel load or loads
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
placed above crumpled newspaper to initiate combustion in the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
fireplace and to establish a charcoal bed that will become the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ignition source for subsequent fuel loads. These are comprised
2. Referenced Documents offuelstripsseparatedbyairspaces.Thespecificconfiguration
2
is described in 9.3.4.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.8 low mass fireplace, n—any fireplace and attached
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
chimney that can be weighed (including the weight of the test
E2515 Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter
fuel) on a platform scale that meets the requirements as
Emissions Collected by a Dilution Tunnel
specified in 8.2.
3. Terminology
3.2.9 nominal fuel length, n—the Nominal Fuel Length
(NFL) is one of five incremental nominal fuel piece lengths
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this test method are defined
that simulates real-world firewood five piece lengths. These
in Terminology E631.
lengths are 406 mm(16 in.), 457 mm (18 in.), 508 mm(20 in.),
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
559 mm (22 in.), and 610 mm (24 in.). The NFL is used for
3.2.1 Douglas fir, n—untreated, standard, or better grade
both the kindling brands and fuel cribs.
Douglas fir lumber with agency grade stamp: D. Fir or Douglas
3.2.10 particulate matter (PM), n—all gas-borne matter
Fir.
resulting from combustion of solid fuel, as specified in this test
3.2.2 firebox, n—the volume within the fireplace where logs
method, which is collected in accordance with Test Method
are burned.
E2515.
3.2.3 first fuel crib, n—the first fuel load (including fuel
3.2.11 second fuel crib, n—the second fuel load (including
pieces and spacers to create air spaces) placed on the residual
fuel pieces and spacers to create air spaces) placed on the
fuel from the kindling brands. The specific configuration is
residual fuel from the first fuel crib. The specific configuration
described in 9.3.4.4.
is described in 9.3.4.5.
3.2.4 fuel piece, n—2 34or4 3 4 wood pieces used to
3.2.12 spacers, n—wood pieces used to hold individual fuel
construct fuel cribs and referring to the nominal width and
pieces together when constructing the three fuel cribs. Their
function is to provide reproducible fuel crib geometry and air
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
spaces between fuel pieces, as well as to hold the fuel cribs
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54
together (with nails).
on Solid Fuel Burning Appliances.
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally
3.2.13 standardized fuel retainer, n—any fireplace that
´1
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E2558 – 07 . DOI:
doesn’t include or specify a grate as defined in 3.2.5 shall use
10.1520/E2558-08.
2 astandardizedfuelretainerduringtesting.Theseretainersshall
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
include vertical fuel retainer bars that are made from
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
19 3 19 mm (0.75 3 0.75 in.) steel square bar or 19 mm (0.75
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
e1
Designation:E2558–07 Designation:E2558–08
Standard Test Method for
Determining Particulate Matter Emissions from Fires in Low
1
Mass Wood-Burning Fireplaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2558; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Editorial corrections made to 9.2.1 in May 2007.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the fueling and operating protocol for determining particulate matter emissions from wood fires in
low mass wood-burning fireplaces.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2515 Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected in a Dilution Tunnel 631 Terminology of
Building Constructions
E631Terminology of Building Constructions 2515 Test Method for Determination of Particulate Matter Emissions Collected
by a Dilution Tunnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this test method are defined in Terminology E 631.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 douglas firDouglas fir, n—untreated, standard, or better grade Douglas fir lumber with agency grade stamp: D. Fir or
Douglas Fir.
3.2.2 firebox, n—the volume within the fireplace where logs are burned.
3.2.3 first fuel crib, n—the first fuel load (including fuel pieces and spacers to create air spaces) placed on the residual fuel from
the kindling brands. The specific configuration is described in 9.3.1.49.3.4.4.
3.2.4 fuel piece, n—2 34or4 3 4 wood pieces used to construct fuel cribs and referring to the nominal width and depth
1 1
dimensions for commonly available dimensional lumber. The actual dimensions are 38mm38 3 89 mm (1 ⁄2 in. 3 3 3 3 ⁄2 in.)
1 1
and 89mm 3 89mm 89 3 89 mm (3 ⁄2 in. 3 3 3 3 ⁄2 in.).
3.2.5 grate, n—any device included with the fireplace or specified by the fireplace manufacturer, for the purpose of elevating
the fuel load above the hearth or for constraining fuel pieces from falling outside the intended burning area, or both. This includes
basket grates and andirons.
3.2.6 hearth, n—the footprint of the fireplace firebox.
3.2.7 kindling brands, n—the initial fuel load or loads placed above crumpled newspaper to initiate combustion in the fireplace
and to establish a charcoal bed that will become the ignition source for subsequent fuel loads. These are comprised of fuel strips
separated by air spaces. The specific configuration is described in 9.3.4.
3.2.8 low mass fireplace, n—any fireplace and attached chimney that can be weighed (including the weight of the test fuel) on
a platform scale that meets the requirements as specified in 8.2.
3.2.9 nominal fuel length, n—the Nominal Fuel Length (NFL) is one of five incremental nominal fuel piece lengths that
simulates real-world firewood five piece lengths. These lengths are 406 mm (16 in.), 457 mm (18 in.), 508 mm (20 in.), 559 mm
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54 on Solid Fuel
Burning Appliances.
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published May 2007.
´1
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E 2558 – 07 .
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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E2558–08
(22 in.), and 610 mm (24 in.). The NFL is used for both the kindling brands and fuel cribs.
3.2.10 particulate matter (PM), n—allgas-bornematterresultingfromcombustionofsolidfuel,asspecifiedinthistestmethod,
which is collected in accordance with Test Method E 2515.
3.2.11 second fuel crib
...
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